...The Fluidity of Computer Science. Gender Norms & Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern "Computer Science" Computer science or computing science designates the scientific and mathematical approach in computing. A computer scientist is a scientist who specialises in the theory of computation and the design of computers. Its subfields can be divided into practical techniques for its implementation and application in computer systems and purely theoretical areas. Some, such as computational complexity theory, which studies fundamental properties of computational problems, are highly abstract, while others, such as computer graphics, emphasize real-world applications. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to description of computations, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming languages and complex systems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information, computation, and with practical techniques for their implementation and application. History The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity...
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...____________________________________ Computer Science, An Overview ------------------------------------------------- Chapter 00 Introduction Read the introduction to the text. The answers to the following questions will appear in order as you read. What is computer science? ------------------------------------------------- The Role of Algorithms What is an algorithm? What are some examples of algorithms? What is a program? What is programming? What is software? What is hardware? Where did the study of algorithms come from? Once you discover an algorithm, do others need to understand it? When does the solution of a problem lie beyond the capabilities of machines? ------------------------------------------------- The History of Computing What are some of the ancestors of the Computer? Eventually, people began using gears for computing. Who are some of the people involved? Which of the men above produced something that was programmable? What were (and are) some uses of holes punched in cards? What kinds of devices replaced gears? What were some early computers? According to the text, what were the first commercially viable computers, and who built them? What happened in 1981? Who wrote the underlying software for the PC? What important development in computers happened as the Twentieth century was closing? What were two big developments for the Internet? (hint, look for the next two bolded phrases) As computers get smaller and...
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...From an early age I’ve always been deeply interested in computing. It was my dad, introducing me to the computer systems at his work place that first sparked this interest. I can always remember the feeling of wanting to know just how computers worked, why they worked and what else they could do. This interest never left me, only growing more profound and passionate with every new discovery I made. From communicating with an artificial intelligence to seeing the wonders of the Internet for the first time, computers have left me fascinated with just how much power yet mystery they hold. My studies have all helped me to develop my understanding of the subject. While Computing has given me a greater insight into the business aspects of the computer industry, Physics have helped to improve my analytical and evaluative skills. My interest in computing has not been restricted to the classroom. Within the last few months I’ve used the knowledge that I’ve gained over the past twelve years to set up my own computer related business. This has given me a totally new perspective on how certain things function, and how business operates. The writing of a business plan was a totally alien experience for me, but over the course of three months I researched and planned, and finally when the plan was complete I was rewarded with the satisfaction of knowing that I had completed something that most people would never have the chance to do especially at my age. As well as spending time both...
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...{ int numGrade = 70; char letter = 'F'; if (numGrade >= 80) { if (numGrade >= 90) letter = 'A'; else letter = 'B'; } else { if (numGrade >= 70) letter = 'C'; else letter = 'D'; } } F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | { int numCookies = 0; while (numCookies < 4) { cout << "Daddy, how many cookies " "can I have? "; cin >> numCookies; } cout << "Thank you daddie!\n"; } 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | { int iUp = 0; int iDown = 10; while (iUp < iDown) { cout << iUp << '\t' << iDown << endl; iUp++; iDown--; } } 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |...
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...Computer science is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information, whether such information is encoded as bits in a computer memory or transcribed in genes and protein structures in a biological cell.[1] A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.[2] Its subfields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines. Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of Computational and intractable problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications. Still other fields focus on the challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, whilst the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems. Human-computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for...
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...the last piece of the puzzle and making everything click is indescribable, a rush of adrenaline runs through my body and for a brief moment I am on top of the world. My brain is wired to enjoy solving problems logically, which is why I have always been so attracted to computer science, a subject founded on problem solving. Every algorithm that runs smoothly, every piece of hardware that configures without issues, every large project that wraps up on schedule, are all small victories that make it all worth it and fill me with purpose. All aspects of a computer’s inner workings are fascinating to say the least, understanding how a device or service functions can shift one’s perspective of the world and make them see their day-to-day menial tasks in a new light, which is what happened to me....
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...History of Computer Science Name: Kamyll Dawn Cocon Course, Yr. & Sec.: BSMT 1-D REACTION PAPER The topic of the video which is about the history of computer was kind of interesting since it high lightened our mind about where the computer had really came from. Not only have that, it also made us understand how the computers of today became very wonderful and powerful. Before, computers only existed in the imagination of humans and were believed that creating such monstrous device was impossible. It was a huge leap in the field of computer during the 19th century when Charles Babbage developed the 1st modern computer called the difference machine. The most advantageous feature of this machine is that it reflected Babbage’s attitude of being a perfectionist. Although his work was not finished, the detailed text that was written by Ada was significant in modifying his versions and for documentary purposes of his work. The rapid increase of the American population, on the other hand, triggered the development of a machine that will help the census tabulate such population very fast. Hermin Horrith’s occupation was very helpful to the development of this machine since he used business to gain money to revise his machine which had later evolved into the international business machine. Although war causes devastation to the environment as well as the people involved, it also had contributed to the development of computers, which is the birth of ENIAC, the first large-scale...
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...CIS101-012 Computer Fundamentals Professor Robotham Wallace, Brein Assignment#1 Date Assignment Given: 9/17/14 Due Date: 9/29/14 Brein Wallace Check Point Assignment #1 True/False True - Electronic components in computers process data using instructions, which are the steps that tell a computer how to perform a particular task. False - Screens for desktops cannot yet support touch. False - Smaller applications, such as at home, typically use a powerful, expensive server to support their daily operations. True - Smartphones typically communicate wirelessly with other devices or computers. False - Data conveys meaning to users, and information is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio and video. False - As widespread as computers appear to be, most daily activities do not involve the use of or depend on information from them. False - A scanner is a light sensing output device. False - Because it contains moving parts, flash memory is less durable and shock resistant than other types of media. The terms, web, and internet are interchangeable. True - One way to protect your computer from malware is to scan any removable media before using it. True - Operating systems are a widely recognized example of system software. True - You usually do not need to install web apps before you can run them. Multiple Choice 1. An INPUT DEVICE is any hardware component that allows you...
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...Von Neumann was a founding figure in computer science.[49] Von Neumann's hydrogen bomb work was played out in the realm of computing, where he and Stanislaw Ulam developed simulations on von Neumann's digital computers for the hydrodynamic computations. During this time he contributed to the development of the Monte Carlo method, which allowed solutions to complicated problems to be approximated using random numbers. He was also involved in the design of the later IAS machine. Because using lists of "truly" random numbers was extremely slow, von Neumann developed a form of making pseudorandom numbers, using the middle-square method. Though this method has been criticized as crude, von Neumann was aware of this: he justified it as being faster than any other method at his disposal, and also noted that when it went awry it did so obviously, unlike methods which could be subtly incorrect. While consulting for the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania on the EDVAC project, von Neumann wrote an incomplete First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. The paper, whose public distribution nullified the patent claims of EDVAC designers J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly, described a computer architecture in which the data and the program are both stored in the computer's memory in the same address space.[50] John von Neumann also consulted for the ENIAC project, when ENIAC was being modified to contain a stored program. Since the modified ENIAC was...
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...From childhood computers caught my eyes. There was something about them that always attracted my interest. Starting from paint, games , and then finally LOGO, my first ever experience with a programming language. It changed my whole perception about what we can do with computers. Gradually, in my high school I moved on to languages like C, Visual Basic, and C++ . This raised my interest towards computes more and it made me opt for Computer Science as my field in undergraduate course , in Maharaja Surajmal Institute Of Technology. In 2nd year I excelled in courses like software engineering and, java and web development, computer networks, computer architecture, database management system. These subjects fascinated me to so extent that I have...
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...(Passwords) One of windows vulnerabilities is that user accounts may have weak, nonexistent or unprotected passwords. The operating system and some third-party applications may create accounts with weak or nonexistent passwords. This in turn causes data to be vulnerable and with respect to user data it could be very damaging to a user’s organization if data is lost or removed without warning by an attacker. Also the connection of these systems to a shared network or perhaps the internet in the scenario of a business organization leaves the system vulnerable to an attacker. With respect to the data that is being sent across the network, there are certain countermeasures that could be taken, such as encrypting data that resides on the computer by using some well-known cryptographic algorithms currently being implemented to secure the system data even after password has been bypassed. Encrypting data provides a level of assurance that even if data is compromised, it is impractical to access the plaintext without significant resources, however controls should also be put in place to mitigate the threat of data exfiltration in the first place. Many attacks occur across a network, while others involve physical theft of laptops and other equipment holding sensitive information. Yet, in most cases, the victims are not aware that the sensitive data are leaving their systems because they are not monitoring data outflows. The movement of data across network boundaries both electronically...
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...Computer architecture covers the design of system software, such as the operating system (the program that controls the computer), as well as referring to the combination of hardware and basic software that links the machines on a computer network. Computer architecture refers to an entire structure and to the details needed to make it functional. Thus, computer architecture covers computer systems, microprocessors, circuits, and system programs. Typically the term does not refer to application programs, such as spreadsheets or word processing, which are required to perform a task but not to make the system run. In designing a computer system, architects consider five major elements that make up the system's hardware: the arithmetic/logic unit, control unit, memory, input, and output. The arithmetic/logic unit performs arithmetic and compares numerical values. The control unit directs the operation of the computer by taking the user instructions and transforming them into electrical signals that the computer's circuitry can understand. The combination of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit is called the central processing unit (CPU). The memory stores instructions and data. The input and output sections allow the computer to receive and send data, respectively. Different hardware architectures are required because of the specialized needs of systems and users. One user may need a system to display graphics extremely fast...
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...Social Issues and Ethics in Computer Science and Engineering Introduction Therac –25 is a medical linear accelerator that was developed by AELC .A linear accelerator (linac) is a particle accelerator, a gadget that increases the energy of electrically charged atomic particles. Linacs are use mainly in hospitals to treat cancer patients .During treatment a patient is exposed to beam of radiation in doses designed to kill a malignancy.(Grolier, 1985) The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice is a practical frame- work for moral decision-making related to problems that software engineers may encounter. (Quinn, 2013) Between June 1995 and January 1987, six patients were seriously injured and some killed by poor administration of radiation from the Therac-25 medical linear accelerator. This paper therefore seeks to explore the causes behind the accidents, the software bugs that were associated with the machine. In addition the paper will also cover some of list the clauses that are violated in the code of ethics of software engineering and explain how they relate to the action or inaction that led to the overexposure incident Technical errors in Therac-25 software One of the major weaknesses that is associated with Therac-25 software was in the lack of formal testing procedures. As results certain errors remained in the software as the product got distributed to the consumers. One of the errors that...
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...Positive and Negative Impact of Computer in Society The Social Impact of Computer in Our Society From the time of the invention of the computers to the present day, computers have met tremendous changes. Time to time incorporation of the latest technical achievement has made the use of computer easier. More and more application have been developed and almost all the areas of the professions have been computerized. Computerization is continuously becoming an important part of many organizations. Computer have proved almost all the fields whether related to numeric processing or non numeric processing or document processing in the developed countries and all the walks of life. Computers have become the part of every organization. Beneficial or Positive Impact of Computer in our Society * Any professional individual like doctors, engineers, businessmen etc. undergo a change in their style or working pattern after they get the knowledge of computer. * An individual becomes more competent to take a decisions due to the computer because all the information required to take the decision is provided by the computer on time. As a result, any individuals or institutions get success very fast. * The person working at the managerial level becomes less dependent on low level staff like clerks and accountants. Their accessibility to the information increases tremendously. This improves their working patters and efficiency, which benefit the organization and ultimately affects the...
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...N E L L D A L E J O H N L E W I S illuminated computer science J O N E S A N D B A RT L E T T C O M P U T E R S C I E N C E computer science illuminated N E L L D A L E J O H N L E W I S computer science illuminated N E L L D A L E J O H N Villanova University L E W I S University of Texas, Austin Jones and Bartlett Publishers is pleased to provide Computer Science Illuminated’s book-specific website. This site offers a variety of resources designed to address multiple learning styles and enhance the learning experience. Goin’ Live This step-by-step HTML Tutorial will guide you from start to finish as you create your own website. With each lesson, you’ll gain experience and confidence working in the HTML language. Online Glossary We’ve made all the key terms used in the text easily accessible to you in this searchable online glossary. The Learning Store Jones and Bartlett Publishers has a wealth of material available to supplement the learning and teaching experience. Students and instructors will find additional resources here or at http://computerscience. jbpub.com The Language Library Here you will find two complete chapters that supplement the book’s language-neutral approach to programming concepts. A JAVA language chapter and C++ language chapter are included and follow the same pedagogical approach as the textbook. http://csilluminated.jbpub.com eLearning Our eLearning center provides chapter-specific...
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