...Running Head: COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Paper on Spirituality University of Phoenix Online Developing and Evaluating Educational Programs (NUR/588) Dr. Amy McClune 4 June 2007 Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Paper on Spirituality Spirituality in nursing and medicine has been a conflicting topic because many things have occurred which cannot be explained or proven through scientific experimentation. The only plausible explanation that has been given points to a higher power or being. Florence Nightingale believed she had a calling from God to do her work in nursing not only to physically heal but spiritually heal as well. On the other hand, Dr. Larry Dossey felt medicine alone could not heal and it is the responsibility of the physician to invoke the “power of prayer” to assist with a patient’s healing process. During the mid-nineteenth century, optimism ran high in England. With the rise of empiricism, in which all knowledge is derived from experience, science blossomed and gave rise to high hopes for conquering drudgery and disease. Florence Nightingale went to Crimea and by applying good principles of sanitation, she made a major difference in the death rate of British soldiers – from 42% to 2% (Shelly & Miller, 1999). During this time Florence Nightingale observed that the common people in her day were becoming atheists and losing their basis for ethical...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Ryan Velasco University of Phoenix NUR/513 March 13, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D., R.N. Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Nursing as a profession has evolved through the contributions of practicing nurse theorists who have worked rigorously toward improving the way nurses approach the art and science of nursing. Through theory development, nursing models, and their conceptual frameworks, they have provided a foundation for nurses and their practice. Nursing theories have developed from the choices and assumptions about the nature of what a particular theorist believes about nursing, what the basis of nursing knowledge is, and nurses do or how they practice in the real world. Each theory carries with it a worldview, a way of seeing nursing and human events that highlights certain aspects of reality and possibly shades or ignores aspects in other areas (Ray, 1998). This paper will assess both Peplau’s Interpersonal relations model and Travelbee’s Human-to-human Relationship models, and compare their concept definition of client/person. Preceded by an overview of each theory and comparison, the paper further discusses Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations model in regard to its applicability to nursing practice. Interpersonal Relations Model Dr. Hildegard Peplau, a pioneer of the nursing world published the book Interpersonal Relations in Nursing in 1952, transcending...
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...HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH Theory & Practice Vol.21 (Supplement 1) 2006 Pages i19–i32 Advance Access publication 31 July 2006 Improving measurement in health education and health behavior research using item response modeling: comparison with the classical test theory approach Mark Wilson*, Diane D. Allen and Jun Corser Li Abstract This paper compares the approach and resultant outcomes of item response models (IRMs) and classical test theory (CTT). First, it reviews basic ideas of CTT, and compares them to the ideas about using IRMs introduced in an earlier paper. It then applies a comparison scheme based on the AERA/APA/NCME ‘Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests’ to compare the two approaches under three general headings: (i) choosing a model; (ii) evidence for reliability—incorporating reliability coefficients and measurement error—and (iii) evidence for validity—including evidence based on instrument content, response processes, internal structure, other variables and consequences. An example analysis of a self-efficacy (SE) scale for exercise is used to illustrate these comparisons. The investigation found that there were (i) aspects of the techniques and outcomes that were similar between the two approaches, (ii) aspects where the item response modeling approach contributes to instrument construction and evaluation beyond the classical approach and (iii) aspects of the analysis where the measurement models had little to do with the analysis or outcomes. There were...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Nur 513 May 19, 2014 Theory is the core of nursing and nursing process. It describes, explains and predicts the uniqueness of a phenomenon. Theory is analysis and examine to determine the viability in the world of professional nursing. Concepts is the framework and foundation of the theory which consist of concrete and abstracts. The purpose of this paper is to select a core concept that is common to two nursing theories. Compare and Analysis the core concepts definition of client- nurse and the theorists Peplau’s Interpersonal model and Travelbee’s human-to human model .Peplau’s Interpersonal Model will be further discuss and identify where and how it can be best applied to nursing practice and elements of concepts statement, metaparadigms,philosophies and conceptual model. In 1952, Hildegard E.Peplau who was a pioneer in nursing published the book” Interpersonal Relations in Nursing”. The book explains the steps and phases of the interpersonal process, the nursing roles , methodology of the interpersonal,process in nursing. Peplau's believed ”Nursing is Therapeutic“ ( George 2011 ). She describes nursing as a healing art for the sick or a individual who is in need of care and there is an interpersonal process in nursing due to the interaction with two or more people that has a similar goal. The common goal is the level of respect with the interaction between the nurse and patient which would lead to learning and...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories UOP Theoretical Foundations of Nursing NUR/513 Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories Nursing theory is relatively new and as such, it continues to evolve as new knowledge is gained. There are numerous theories of nursing, each of which took years to develop and most of which continue to evolve and adapt. There are commonalities between and among the existing theories although each may focus more heavily on different aspects of responsibilities. It has to do with the philosophical foundations for each theory. Moore, (Moore, 2008) reported a nursing metaparadigm of four basic concepts: "person, health, environment, and nursing." Another author suggested the core concepts of nursing theory and practice are caring, assessment, teaching and learning, collaboration, managing care, communication and professional behaviors, (Opperman Med Law Consulting, 2008). These core concepts as identified by these authors can be found in some fashion in all nursing theories. Orem commented that nurses could do nursing but they could not explain what nursing is (Hartweg, 1991). She was also interested in what conditions had to exist for a person to seek help from nurses (Hartweg, 1991). The first answer she determined was that people sought help when they could not care for themselves (Hartweg, 1991). Orem's work was inspired by those she considered big thinkers, like experts in philosophy, metaphysics and action...
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...Introduction › The goals of this course are: 1. To develop and apply analytical skills to understand socio-economic differences between countries; 2. To assess how these differences impact the climate for doing business across countries. Theory and Application 2/4/2014 | 4 Course format › Tutorials (with student teams): • Theory tutorials (TT) • Application tutorials (AT) › Combining theory with application country Factbook • • • • Tools/Methods Application of tools Comparative analysis Recommendation › Industry perspective 2 2/4/2014 | 5 Assignments and Grading/Feedback › Team assignments (70%) & Individual assignment (30%) › Team assignments: • Paper on / synopsis of materials of Theory tutorials (30%) • Factbook grade (40%) › All assignments: minimum of 5 › Overall: minimum of 5.5 › Participation / performance as presenters, reviewers or chair (+/- 1 grade point on team assignments) › Are you allowed to take this course? Propaedeutics or positive BSA › Passing 2nd year courses but failing 1st year courses leads to removal from the program 2/4/2014 | 6 First Application tutorial (starting tomorrow) › Each team prepares a potential structure for their country Factbook › Teams present an overview of tools, concepts & frameworks › Teams may provide a first general overview of their two countries and their industry › From the discussions in the various tutorial groups we will extract a basic outline for the country Factbook • Made available...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Nursing Theories Dana Montgomery NUR/513 Mary Nicks Abstract Define caring? Caring is a critical element of caring in the profession of nursing. It is the groundwork approach that is utilized in day to day practice. Many theories have been studied in regards to caring. For the purpose of this paper, I will be discussing Marilyn Ann Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring, Madeline Leininger’s Cultural Caring Theory, and Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The Theory of Bureaucratic caring was created for a more multifaceted institute while the Cultural Caring theory identifies the need for cultural awareness in caring. Theory of Caring describes caring in a more methodical approach. The meaning of caring respectively has similar qualities, but the approaches are entirely different. This paper will elucidate on these three theories of caring, compare and analyze their concept definitions, and apply a specific theory to practice. Caring is defined as feeling and displaying concern or empathy for others. Nursing has become more convoluted with advancing technology and continuous changes, it can be very challenging. For an individual to become an efficient nurse they must have a positive perception of what caring is as it has become a vital part of nursing. Concepts are essential to theory development and have often been referred to as the building blocks or structural components of theory (Chinn & Kramer 1999). As a core concept...
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...Comparative research is a research methodology in the social sciences that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures Comparative research defined Comparative research, simply put, is the act of comparing two or more things with a view to discovering something about one or all of the things being compared. This technique often utilizes multiple disciplines in one study. When it comes to method, the majority agreement is that there is no methodology peculiar to comparative research.[5] The multidisciplinary approach is good for the flexibility it offers, yet comparative programs do have a case to answer against the call that their research lacks a "seamless whole."[6] There are certainly methods that are far more common than others in comparative studies, however. Quantitative analysis is much more frequently pursued than qualitative, and this is seen by the majority of comparative studies which use quantitative data.[7][1][8][2] The general method of comparing things is the same for comparative research as it is in our everyday practice of comparison. Like cases are treated alike, and different cases are treated differently; the extent of difference determines how differently cases are to be treated. If one is able to sufficiently distinguish two carry the research conclusions will not be very helpful.[9] Secondary analysis of quantitative data is relatively widespread in comparative research, undoubtedly in part because of the cost of obtaining primary...
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...shubhangi_singh@live.in INDEX SERIAL NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO. 1. Abstract 03 2. Introduction 04 3. Methodology 07 4. Literature review 08 5. Discussion 14 6 Conclusion 15 7. Suggestions 16 6. Appendices 17 7. References 18 ABSTRACT Confronted by the globalization of markets, increasing competition, deregulation and rapid technological developments, speed and flexibility become key sources of competitive advantage for organizations. This calls for radically different management approaches and a new breed of leaders. New mindsets and new sets of learning skills will be key factors of success in the knowledge intensive corporations of the future. The research field of cross-cultural management suffers from an absence of theory capable of explaining the...
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...Hall with me after class, Benny, a sophomore in one of my international relations courses, asked for, and received, some pointers on the required paper. “You’ve just told me to write exactly as I’ve been taught not to write,” said he. “And who, pray tell, taught you?” asked I. He gave an over-the-shouldernod across the street, toward Ellen Reed House--the English Department. "Hmmm. . . fine--I'mnot surprised to hear they tell you something different,” I told him. “The English profs teach you to write in a generic way, say, fiction, or generically expository stuff. I want you to write a social science paper.” With some ”Hmmm-ing” of his own, Benny shuffled off, wearing a mildly annoyed and not altogether convinced frown. How dare they teach different ways to write in different departments at the same college! Benny did make an effort to heed my suggestions, but it took persistence. For example, the introduction to his first draft, included a vague Writing Across the Curriculum, Vol. 11, August 1990 35 36 Writing Across The Curriculum (August 1990) statement like: ”Conflict between Arabs and Black Africans in the Sudan is a serious problem and should be examined in greater detail. . . including its history, causes, and future.” The purpose statement I eventually settled for read more like this: ”This paper will examine social, economic, and political aspects of the Sudanese civil war. The geography and history of the conflict will be briefly reviewed...
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...Culture A Paper Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Business Administration In Partial Fulfillment of Course Requirements For B7312- Cultural Marketing Access – Module I - Assignment 1 Spring II, 2013 For The Doctor of Business Administration Degree, D.B.A. David F. Black, B.A., M.B.A., C.D.P. Dr. Cliff Butler Argosy University/Seattle March 11, 2013 © Abstract This paper provides a summary review of B7312, Cultural Marketing Online Argosy Module I, a comparison of two different definitions of culture (Webster) (CARLA). An additional element of contrasting these two definitions is also provided. The overview provides discussion points for the classes of March 7th & 18th, 2013 or sooner as defined by Dr. Butler. Perspectives This paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the B7312 Course Module I Assignment 1 for the Cultural Marketing Online Course Class on March 7, 2013, B7312, Spring II, 2013, Dr. Cliff Butler, AU-Seattle. Summary of Assignment This student is to write a talking-points paper for the selected definitions of culture as outlined in B7312 Cultural Marketing. After the two out of hundreds (Kluckholn) (CARLA) of cultural definitions are selected, this Doctoral candidate is to compare and contrast them. For this paper, the two selected definitions are from the Merriam-Webster Dictionary(Webster)...
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...Reflections on Individual Assignment 1 This document provides examples of student critiques prepared for individual assignment 1. I have selected examples of satisfactory and unsatisfactory critiques supplemented by some comments. Hopefully this will assist in preparing for the second individual assignment and the final exam. 1. Literature review (objectives and motives) Satisfactory critique Critique: Jones and Solomon (2010) do not explicitly mention the aim of their research, but rather refer to the nature of the research. This is not seen as a weak point as the authors make use of grounded theory in their study. The authors do however identify their motivation of conducting this research quite well by stating: “However, to our knowledge, there has been little research (...)” (pp. 21). Furthermore, the authors link their motives to prior research by stating that there has been a lack of interview-based work in prior research (Ball et al, 2000; Deegan et al, 2006; O’Dwyer and Owen, 2005). I do see this link as a strong point in contrast to the objective of this article. The objective of this article is not clearly formulated. The authors mention: “We address the fundamental question on (...)” (p.21). However, immediately afterwards they state: “In addition, we shed light on several important questions such as (...)” (p.21). These additions are not related to previously identified questions by the authors but to the themes that derived from the interviews in this study. Therefore...
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...Reflection Paper This reflection paper describes three large sections of the author trying to convey. These three parts are Strategic Management from the writer’s point of views, Strategic Management from the participants or students’ perspectives in class discussions and application Strategic Management in everyday life, especially in the military context. 1. Strategic Management from My Point of Views Before implementing a selected strategy from several alternatives, we should carefully analyze and consider the selected strategy. Strategy analysis can take a longer time before coming to the decision-making process. The intention is that an organization will be on the effective condition and position in attempting created goals and objectives in various influences from internal as well as external factors. Sometimes internal and external factors change the level of intensity and urgency in conducting certain kinds of strategic decisions completely. The orientation of such specific strategies based on various assumptions is related to the assumption which has been used by the planner, in this case, a manager or leader in an organization to produce a decisive strategy. Managers or leaders have to fully aware that all consequences from the implementation of the strategy are being measured and estimated appropriately. After an organization formulating their strategy, then the working units in the organization can set some technical ways in conducting the strategy. The next step...
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...com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - Sep 25, 2012 What is This? Downloaded from jsn.sagepub.com by guest on August 26, 2013 Editorial The Journal of School Nursing 28(5) 326-327 ª The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1059840512458666 http://jsn.sagepub.com Literature Reviews as a Research Strategy Literature reviews have long been important strategies to assess the state of the science. As early as 1993, Broome (1993) recommended literature reviews as a strategy to assist in the development of concepts. Many graduate students in nursing and other sciences learn about synthesizing literature throughout their academic programs using a variety of guides including Cooper’s (1998) Synthesizing Research: A Guide for Literature Reviews as a common reference or Fink’s (2009) Conducting Research Literature Reviews, From the Internet to Paper. Despite years of reporting extant literature regarding a problem, many review reports still lack the rigor that is necessary to provide evidence for practice. The quality of the review may well be related to the lack of recognition that the review is a scientific method. The rigor of the...
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...Accounting Standards Board Paper Accounting Standards Board Paper Accounting is defined as the practice of recording, analyzing, and reporting the financial transactions of an organization (Schroeder, Clark, & Cathey, 2011). Since 1973, there has been a governing body that has determined what is considered acceptable business practices in regard to the relationship between these functions. In the United States, that governing body is known as the Financial Accounting Standards Board or FASB. FASB helped to refine and establish what is known as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or GAAP. These principles have laid the foundation for modern day accounting practices and have served as a road map for financial accountants worldwide. In 2001, a new board was established to bring unity to international accounting practices. It is known as the International Accounting Standards Board or IASB. IASB has its own set of standards commonly known as International Financial Reporting Standards or IFRS. Together these two entities lay the groundwork for accountants to follow to most accurately and ethically report the financial activities of their respective organizations. Although both these organizations have striking similarities and strive to serve a common goal, there are marked differences in their approach to financial reporting standards. In recent years, FASB and the IASB have affirmed their commitment to bring together their basic fundamentals and create a unified...
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