...This essay will discuss the concept of stigmatisation and how it has effect on a person affected by HIV or AIDS. Firstly will introduce brief history of HIV/AID and will then look at the issues faces the stigma within the epidemic of HIV/AIDS. The first recognized of epidemic HIV/AIDS were in the early 1980s, where the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection spread to every country in the world. Statistics show that approximately 40 million people are currently living with HIV infection, and an estimated 25 million have died from this disease. The HIV has been particularly demoralizing in sub Saharan Africa and South Africa, however infection rates in some other countries still remain high. In the United States, approximately 1 million people are currently infected. HIV is one of a group of viruses known as retroviruses. After getting into the body, the virus kills or damages cells of the body's immune system. The body tries to keep up by making new cells or trying to contain the virus, but eventually the HIV wins out and gradually destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancer, National Health Service (NHS 2012). AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) It is caused by HIV and arise when the virus has destroyed so much of the body's defences that immune cell counts fall to vital levels or certain life threatening infections or cancers develop, (NHS,2012). When Nelson Mandela was addressing a conference in 2002, he stated HIV/AIDS has killed people...
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...Concepts of Nutritional Health The Eatwell Plate The eatwell plate highlights the different types of food that make up our diet, and shows the proportions we should eat to have a well-balanced and healthy diet. The eatwell plate is based on the five food groups: * Bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other starchy foods * Fruit and vegetables * Milk and dairy foods * Meat, fish, eggs, beans and other non-dairy sources of protein * http://www.tigerstrust.co.uk/data/general/eatwell.jpg http://www.tigerstrust.co.uk/data/general/eatwell.jpg Foods and drinks high in fat and/or sugar The size of the segments for each of the food groups is consistent with Government recommendations for a diet that would provide all the nutrients required for a healthy adult or child (over the age of two). Five-a-day Five-a-day highlights the health benefits of getting five 80g portions of fruit and vegetables every day. That is five portions of fruit and vegetables in total, not five portions of each. ‘Five-a-day’ is based on advice from the World Health Organization, which recommends eating a minimum of 400g of fruit and vegetables a day to lower the risk of serious health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Reasons to eat five portions of fruit and veg * Fruit and vegetables are a good source of vitamins and minerals, vitamin C and potassium. * They're an excellent source of dietary fibre, which helps maintain a healthy...
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...Week 2, NR455, Health Promotion Concepts When I see the word healthy I see someone who is a happy, average weight with no health concerns at that time. I look at the whole person and the environment around them. Are they happy with their job? Are they happy with their Spouse? Choice they have made? Are there any problems at home? Are they over/underweight? Do they smoke? Do they try and eat healthy most of the time? Is there skin intact? Glowing? Do they have what they need to care for themselves and others? Is anything wrong health wise? Do they try and get exercise? If you can answer no to all these questions I think you are a healthy person. I think it’s hard to look at yourself and ask these questions and go on to make changes in your lifestyle, I think it’s easier to look at someone else and tell them what they need to do differently. Someone has to WANT to change for the better before it will happen. It can’t be just because they are overweight, a smoker that has now been diagnosed with hypertension. I believe that all three models (Biomedical (views health as the absence of diseases or disorders), Behavioral (views health as the product of making healthy lifestyle changes) and Socio-Environmental (views health as the product of social, economic and environmental determinants)) are a big factor of every one’s healthy or unhealthy lifestyle. Take example the person in the prior paragraph; overweight, smoker and has hypertension. We could say that the Biomedical model...
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...Running Head: 78592029ADULT HEALTH CONCEPT Adult Health Concept Name: Institution: Course: Date: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the adult health based on logical concepts of mobility and oxygenation. The emphasis is rather focused on old patients who have locomotive problems. These old patients can no longer engage in massive physical activities. The reduced activities may be due to various physical impairments. In a situation where the patient is suffering from hypertension and angina, the best medical practice shift to oxygenation. The paper gives a close analysis to a patient by the name Danilo Ocampo. The patient is a retired pathologist. The patient is 74 years old with a declining health in the past few years. The patient is suffering from hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, and class II heart failure. These multiple ailments have incapacitated his movements. Due to his cardiovascular disorders the patient takes medication such as metoprolol, lisinopril, and Aldactone which is also supplemented with furosemide off and on. Ocampo has a well background in medicine which offers him a good understanding of pharmaceutical properties of the medication. He has on and off admissions to the hospitals due to a multiple combination of the medication that he takes. The adverse side effect of the drugs he is using has caused multiple admissions to the hospital. At times he is forced to get out of the hospital...
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...Health Essential Concepts Allopathic –cure based – the biomedical approach takes this approach via surgery, drugs etc. Alternative medicine – see complementary medicine Altruism – the idea that some medical professionals are motivated by the need to put society first rather than financial reward – functionalists such as Barber often argue this. Artefact approach – an approach that believes that the statistics about class and health exaggerate the real situation. Bio-medical model of health – the conventional Western model of health which sees the body as a machine under attack from germs etc and which insists on diagnosis of symptoms by medical professionals. Birth rate – the number live births per 1000 of the population each year. Clinical iceberg – the idea that most illness never comes to the attention of doctors because it is self-medicated. Complementary medicine – alternative forms of health therapy, usually disapproved of by the medical profession, e.g. homeopathy, acupuncture etc. Cultural explanations of health – blame the victims (or their culture) for engaging in unhealthy behaviour and lifestyles, e.g. smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise etc. Cultural relativity of health and illness – the idea that different cultures explain and react differently to illness, e.g. some take a holistic approach, some blame witchcraft or magic, Hindus refer to chest pains as a ‘sinking heart’ etc. Disability – a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and...
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...Wellness Center currently tracks its members using a spreadsheet, and wants to upgrade to using a relational database. You have been tasked with this conversion, and need to convert this flat field design into a relational database design. The Wellness Center has given you its current spreadsheet design, which contains the following fields (columns). • Member ID • Member Name • Member Phone • Member Email • Health Plan Level Name • Health Plan Level Description • Health Plan Price • Price w/tax • Paid Until Date • Member Since • Event 1 Name • Event 1 Description • Event 1 Attended • Event 2 Name • Event 2 Description • Event 2 Attended • Event 3 Name • Event 3 Description • Event 3 Attended The Wellness Center has also given you the following business rules, which are incomplete and are not all necessarily structural. • Members purchase a yearly health plan. • The health plans are one of three levels: Basic, Deluxe, or Executive. • Health plans are generally paid for once per year. • Three special Healthy Living Symposium events are offered each year. Attendance is tracked for each member. 1. To get started, create a complete list of business rules that you will use as a basis for your logical diagram. Your list of business rules should specify all entities, relationships, optionality constraints, and plurality constraints, and must make provision for...
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...Health Economic Tools and Concept Chinenye Nwokey HCS/522 December 2 2013 Amy Shoales Economic Tools and Concept The United States is presently confronting a nursing shortage which is likely to get worse in the future. The shortage is compelled by amount of reasons linked to the employment and maintenance of nurses. Less young females going into nursing schools as professional prospects in other areas have stretched. Countless eligible candidates are denied admission due to a scarcity of nursing instructors at schools. The student will present economic tools and concepts pertaining to health care issues (nursing shortage); the student will use marginal analysis and supply and demand curve to assess the issue of nursing shortage as it relates to health care. These tools are designed to explore and evaluate the nursing shortage. Registered nurses are the major set of health care specialists in America and Worldwide. It is important to understand the effects that a nursing shortage has on the economy and the health care system. Supply and Demand Supply and demand curves are vital when considering the number of registered nurses available to provide services to patients in need of care. A good service is said to be scarce when more is desired than can be satisfied with available resources which means demand exceeds supply. Quantity and quality of care demanded are greater than quantity of nurses supplied (Lane & Grohmann 1995). Nursing is a professional fields...
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...Implications of Health Economics Concepts for health Care Marcus Bright Strayer University Health Economics HSA 510 Dr. Jeff Kaluyu October 27, 2014 Abstract Income Inequality and Rising Health-Care Costs in the United States shows that health costs are the biggest driver of income inequality. This reason has made health care economics to go through multiple renovations leading from money which is the substance of health care economics and that has become vital to economists, policymakers, researchers, and organizational leaders. Today, most employers pay their workers a combination of wages and benefits, the most important of which is health coverage. This too has caused employer’s to hold back on salary increases to keep total compensation costs to cover the high cost of health insurance increases. In health care economics, the gross domestic product (GDP) is of paramount importance and in evaluation of, there is a remarkable rise in the GDP from 5.2% in the 1960’s to 16.2% in 2008, and an anticipation of 19% or more by 2019. It is based on those ongoing increases that this paper will reflect on the concepts that have impacted the world of health care economics in the US. Health Care Professionals and Understanding the Discipline of Health Economics The economics of health care methodologies for funding have continuously been changing since the 1800s. This started with the founding of the American Medical Association in 1847, which promoted scientific...
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...|Unit 21 - Nutrition for Health and Social Care UNIT 21 P1 Food http://www.thefreedictionary.com/food Material, usually of plant or animal origin that contains or consists of essential body nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals, and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/food Any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or that plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth. I would define food as: any substance eaten to nourish the body. Food can be solid or liquid and can be taken by mouth, by tube or even in the case when someone cannot eat it can be injected directly into a vein. Diet http://www.yourdictionary.com/diet Diet is defined as a person's regularly consumed food and drink or it can mean regulating food intake to lose or gain weight. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/diet The kinds of food that a person, animal, or community habitually eats. I would define diet as: the types of food eaten regularly by an individual. The word diet doesn’t necessarily refer to a weight loss diet. A person’s diet means all the meals and snacks they eat. Meals and snacks http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/snack A light meal that is eaten in a hurry or in a casual manner http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/meal?q=meal Any of the regular occasions...
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...Concepts in community and public health Safaa Soueid Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V-0191 March 16,2014 Communicable disease is a disordered caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Many organisms live in our body, normally they are unable to cause harm, but under certain circumstances may cause diseases (Mayo Clinic, 2013). The mode of transmission may vary; some infectious diseases may be transmitted via contact from person to person, or caused by bites from insects or animals (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Signs and symptoms may vary but very often include fever and chills (Mayo Clinic, 2013). The communicable disease chosen for this paper is chickenpox or varicella. Varicella is an infection caused by a virus called varicella zoster virus or VZV (CDC, 2012). The mentioned infection also is well known by herpes zoster and dates to the ancient civilizations; it was reported in 1888 that a relation between herpes zoster and chickenpox was suggested (PubMed, 2000). In 1954, Thomas Weller isolated the VZV virus from the fluids contained in the vesicles of both chickenpox and herpes zoster lesions in cell culture (CDC, 2012). In the 1970 a varicella vaccine was developed in Japan (CDC, 2012). The vaccine was licensed to use in the United States of America in 1995, and the vaccine that helps reduce the risk of herpes zoster was licensed in 2006 (CDC, 2012). VZV is a DNA virus and one of the herpes virus group, VZV persists in the body after the first infection, that...
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...Community Assessment and Analysis of the Hispanic Population in Dallas Introduction Most of Texas’ phenomenal growth over the last decade followed the route of Interstate 35 from the Rio Grande Valley to San Antonio, Austin and Dallas-Fort Worth, a broad swath that included seven of the ten fastest-growing counties in the state. And much of that growth was fueled by the fast-growing Hispanic population. Hispanics account for two-thirds of Texas' growth over the past decade and now make up 38 percent of the state's total population, according to new local U.S. Census figures. And forty-two percentage of the general population in Dallas is Hispanic. "As Census figures show, Texas is becoming more ethnically and racially diverse. Without the tremendous growth of the Hispanic community, Texas would have had very little growth," said Sen. Many Hispanic-Americans have many common heritage traits, but they also have many differences depending on their country of origin. For example, Mexican Americans make up the largest Hispanic subgroup with over 350,000 of them residing in Dallas which contributes to this being the ninth most populous city in America and the third most populous city in the state of Texas. In addition, the Dallas area economy is the sixth largest in the United States. Geopolitical features Dallas is located in north Texas, and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United...
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...Introduction Community or public health nursing is a concept intended to shift the focus of the traditional nurse role to a global scope. Nursing practice is based in the art and science of identifying individual patient responses to illness and decreasing patient suffering when possible. Public health nursing expands beyond the individual to explore causative health related factors both negative and positive within the community, while developing processes to alleviate suffering while promoting wellness. Group Definition of Community/Public Health Based on the definition offered by Radzyminski (2007), this group collectively redefines community or public health nursing as a collaborative community based, socially responsible and resource conscientious approach to the delivery of wellness within a specific population by a Registered Nurse. The Texas Department of Health’s (April 12, 2011) echoes this concept in their vision statement embracing illness prevention and public health promotion. The focus on the greater-good of the population, as described by Sidorov and Romney (2011, p. 17), does not discount the individual. Indeed, public health promotion and protection may actually advance patient self-care. With a strong community health system, the individual is better able to work within that system to improve their own health status, self-intervene early with many a health exacerbation, and rely on efficient and effective healthcare options (Sidorov & Romney...
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...Assignment 1: Implications of Health Economic Concepts for Healthcare Select at least five (5) economic concepts covered in the first four weeks’ readings, and discuss the primary manner in which these concepts impact the world of health care economics. Some examples of selected concepts are health demand and supply, elasticity, resources, health measures, and costs. Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you: 1. Assess the value of healthcare professionals and decision makers understanding the discipline of health economics. 2. Defend or critique the importance of considering the complex nature of health and healthcare when examining the economic principles related to healthcare delivery. 3. Analyze the primary potential benefits of learning about health economics related to government involvement in healthcare economics, financing, and delivery. 4. Analyze the main potential benefits of learning about health economics related to private sector government involvement in healthcare economics, financing, and delivery. 5. Use at least five (5) current references. Three of these references must be from current peer-reviewed sources to support and substantiate your comments and perspectives. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: · Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with...
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...Concepts of nutritional health: Food: This is any substance eaten o nourish the body. Food can be solid or liquid, and can be taken by mouth, by tube or even directly into a vein, if someone cannot eat or drink normally. Health and social care level 3 book 1 Diet: This refers to the types of food eaten regularly by an individual. The word diet does not necessarily refer to a weight loss diet. An individual’s diet means all the meals and snacks they eat. Health and social care level 3 book 1 Meals and snacks: The traditional pattern of eating three meals a day still exists in some households, but a significant number of people gain a lot of their food intake from snacks. Some people have snacks between meals if they feel hungry and sometime just simply because the food is there. Snacks are not all necessarily unhealthy. Health and social care level 3 book 1 Nutrients: These are the specific chemical constituents of food that provide energy or support growth, repair or normal functioning of the body. Proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are all nutrients. Health and social care level 3 book 1 Nutritional health: Malnutrition: This is the condition in which the body does not receive enough nutrients to function properly. Malnutrition can include under nutrition or over nutrition. Under-nutrition: the outcome of insufficient food intake and repeated infectious diseases. It includes being underweight for your age, too short for your age, dangerously...
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...Substance Abuse in Adolescents Seana Benham Grand Canyon University Nursing 427 Concepts in Community and Public Health November5, 2015 Prevalence of substance abuse among youth In 2013, the Healthy Kids Colorado Survey revealed than an estimated 16.6 percent of Colorado high school youth reported binge drinking, 10.7 percent reported cigarette smoking, and 19.7 percent reported marijuana use in the 30 days prior to the survey. As many as 13.6 percent abused prescription drugs at some point in their lives. Of note, the 2013 prevalence of Colorado high school youth ever having used other illicit drugs ranged between 2.7 percent for heroin and 7.3 percent for inhalants. Methamphetamine use was reported as 3.2 percent; cocaine, 5.8 percent; and Ecstasy, 6.7 percent. (Maternal and Child Health Issue Brief, 2014). According to Maternal Health and Child Health issue brief (2014), the prevalence of binge drinking, cigarette smoking, and marijuana use are substantially lower among middle school youth compared to high school youth. What contributes to substance abuse among youth? Substance abuse among youth is a complex issue with many potentially contributing factors that might include an individual’s peer influence, an individual’s biology, family and peer influence, and the social context in which use occurs (Newcomb; M et al. 2009). Family and peer influences can be influential towards substance use or abuse; familial risk factors that influence substance abuse include...
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