...Unitary and Confederate systems of government are very different types of government which also have very many similarities in terms of the way in which they are ran and maintained. A unitary government is a type of government in which the central government has most of the power. On the other hand, a confederate government derives all its power from state government. The types of government get their power from different places, which changed the way they fit the people. If they are made more by the people they can be bent toward the people's needs as a Confederate Government does. A Unitary Government however, is controlled more by the central powers and does not bend to fit the people’s needs as much. In a Confederate Government the power...
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...History of Political Thoughts TR 1:00pm Dr. Andrew Douglas Plato’s Plea Against Democracy Democracy is defined as a government by the people that exercise their rights through the elected officials and ruled by the majority. The written dialogues of Socrates by Plato take into account that democracy is actually inefficient and undermines the true values of their citizens. Plato’s best known and comprehensive work is the Republic. He criticized democracy as an inadequate form of government because it caused corruption of people through public opinions and created rulers whose main concern it to the ability to influence its citizen rather than being knowledgeable of proper rulership. Therefore, this government is capable of molding the perception and ideas of the citizens. According to Plato, democratic governance is a poor form of government due to the focus on self-interest rather than the welfare of society as a whole. In this essay, Plato’s background, views on politics will be presented first; then, his in-depth opinion of democracy and what he believed to be an ideal society. Plato wrote, in his autobiography Seventh Letter, that he could not identify himself with any political parties because they were heavily engage in corrupted activities. However, it was due to the execution of Socrates that provided Plato with the assurance that the existing governments were fallacious without any possible reparation. He perceived politics as unhealthy and wanted to achieve an eradication...
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...been the policy of Government to introduce among them the arts of civilization, in the hope of gradually reclaiming them from a wandering life. This policy has, however, been coupled with another wholly incompatible with its success. Professing a desire to civilize and settle them, we have at the same time lost no opportunity to purchase their lands and thrust them farther into the wilderness. By this means they have not only been kept in a wandering state, but been led to look upon us as unjust and indifferent to their fate. Thus, though lavish in its expenditures upon the subject, Government has constantly defeated its own policy, and the Indians in general, receding farther and farther to the west, have retained their savage habits. A portion, however, of the Southern tribes, having mingled much with the whites and made some progress in the arts of civilized life, have lately attempted to erect an independent government within the limits of Georgia and Alabama. These States, claiming to be the only sovereigns within their territories, extended their laws over the Indians, which induced the latter to call upon the United States for protection. Under these circumstances the question presented was whether the General Government had a right to sustain those people in their pretensions. The Constitution declares that "no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State" without the consent of its legislature. If the General Government is not permitted...
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...Executive Summary: Right to information refers to people’s right to have all the necessary information regarding the political, legal and similar areas which is directly correlated to their daily lives. In Bangladesh, though people have very limited or no information at all due to lack of willingness and ability to obtain the necessary information’s. Thus the general people should look forward how this bridge can be closed between themselves and the government officials to obtain the necessary and rightful information. The technology is advancing day by day throughout the world. Thus obtaining information has become much easier and flexible. Not only the general people but it is also the responsibility of those who are the holders of that information. They are also equally responsible for passing those to the general people with full efficiency and accuracy. Sadly due to the negligence of both parties this information flow is reduced compared to the early days since the nation’s independence in 1971. Lots of problem is faced by the nation’s citizens specially the people who belong to the rural areas. Due to unaware of their own right, thousands of people had faced difficulties on both professional and personal context. Our focus is on the factors of this decreased information flow as well as the initiatives to be taken which can reduce this massive problem in our country. Contents: • Introduction • Theoretical Overview • Findings ...
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...Is Democracy the best form of government? (25 marks) Democracy is a system of government by where the whole population or all the eligible members of a country are able to vote for who they think would best represent them and their country. Democracy isn’t always the best form of government but when you have it, it usually seems to work best as it provides freedom in every state and country for the people rather than autocratic states or country. Having more freedom allows people to choose and criticize their own government if they are doing a good thing for the people or not doing the right thing for example not taking into account the peoples opinion on whether or not say 16 year olds should be allowed to vote. Also even though the people of the country have the right to vote for their government they also have the extension of thinking what should their nation be like and what the policy of their nation would be. Despite this, even though they are allowed to choose their government there should be no reason to why the people cannot be as free under an autocratic government as in a democratic government. In comparison to that democracy is the best form of democracy as it represents the people of its country, making it the government by the people and with the people and for the people. The government represents the people as it was them who elected that candidate into the parliament due to their manifesto making them legit and not a slave of the people but to represent...
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...Intro: Virtual Organization is the measure for providing practice and functions of work in a corporation. This provides the view and functions of a corporation’s website and the interior sections for employees’ website. This provides students the ability to be aware of the sections of a corporation’s functions with or before the work experience. The education in this provides the viewpoints necessary for organization and maintaining a corporate world. This manual provides the different sections of different work environments for corporations. This is a measure of providing a learning experience. Those that are new to the work concept will learn the basis of the corporation from the Virtual Organization. This is a functional level of experience by a virtual corporation. However, these are not actually correct in the information they provide. They are decided and engineered forms of a corporation’s websites with outer and internal functions. This assists with the education of a company’s work provided by its virtual websites. Towards the ending of the manual are the measures necessary to follow for attaining the Virtual Organization website. The key factors of login, materials, and selection for Virtual organization explained toward the end of the manual with brief pictures for view. The last paragraphs of the manual will provide a conclusion of the functions and guidance for the student’s future use of the Virtual Organization website. ...
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...The definition of a revolution is an “overthrow of government” or the “overthrow of a ruler or political system”. This term is generally used to describe an uprising by a disenchanted mass to overthrow existing ideology and practice and bring about major political, economic, social or cultural change in a society. Revolutions are mainly caused because of social and economic inequalities between classes causing the oppressed masses to become disillusioned with extreme excesses of the ruling classes. They then come together and revolt against the existing ruler or regime, often in a bloody movement. This is certainly true when describing the French Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution, which not only brought about regime change through violent mass mobilization, but also overhauled the social, economic institutions of the time. So a revolution is essentially a struggle in which the holder of a power loses that power against their will. Aristotle’s view on revolutions was rather confined than its modern day interpretation. He suggested the doctrine of ‘stasis’ as a reason for revolution and decline of institutions, ‘stasis’ being an arrest of the political processes of a healthy polis leading to its political system breaking own and degenerating into violence and internal warfare. For him, the condition that led to all revolutions was the desire of the many for equality versus the desire of the minority for effective superiority. In an overview of Book V of ‘Politics’, it can...
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...this strategy, the Philippines government responsibility to aid the victims was condemned. While on the other hand, the concept of universalism has practiced once again, when the typhoon ravaged thousands of people lives. The Philippines as a state has a responsibility to protect its citizen in any circumstances, but in this case of catastrophe the government was having difficulties to aid the affected area. Because of the very fact, that the affected area had being isolated. And due to that thousands of people criticize the country’s capability in slow response to the said tragedy but unknowingly thinking that our government does not have that well enough developed resources to aid the people. A government serves as a machinery to regulate the need of the people with that very fact it helps to lessen the problem that’s what just our government did, and it is not complicating the problem but different countries have criticized our county’s capability. For this very reason, this act of condemning complicates the problem because these countries have compared our government’s capability over the other more developed states on responding to the said crisis. In which through this, the victims were able to set a standard and to expect more from the government on how to respond on the said tragedy. Now, if the government did not help the victims who would help them? The government is established and ought to help its people. The Philippines government maybe has been condemned but it...
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...The Cut is a dystopian play. It’s based around themes such as pain, absence of love and suffering. Both scenes are equally disturbing, however, act one is what kicks off the play and, to an extent, gives the audience an idea of what the play will be about as well as how they should feel and respond to scenes. There is a great deal of uncertainty in act one which makes the audience feel disturbed and uncomfortable. The talk of the Cut, the role of the government and their society in general makes act one a lot more disturbing to watch than act two. Paul and John’s constant mention of the Cut could make the audience feel uncomfortable because of the fact they don’t actually know what it is. “…it’s a ritual, a custom, something we…” – John is referring to the Cut here and he is describing it as though it’s a traditional thing to have done in their society, the use of the word “custom” implies that the Cut is something that their society expects the majority of people to have, the fact that the audience don’t know why makes the thought of the Cut disturbing. Contrary to John’s description of the Cut, Paul describes it as a painful thing – “the great screams as the instruments go in?” From the word “instruments” we can gather that the Cut is a form of surgery – The fact that there are two different attitudes towards the Cut alienates the audience from the play’s plot. It makes the audience question the Cut – is it a good thing or is it a bad thing? The Cut was written by Mark...
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...Master of Public Administration (MPA) About the MPA Program The Master of Public Administration (MPA) program, accredited by the Canadian Association of Programs in Public Administration (CAPPA), is designed to prepare students for careers in public administration and policy work in diverse areas such as non-government organizations, industry associations, and, of course, the public service. MPA students are exposed to core concepts in policy formation and analysis, and have the opportunity to explore substantive areas such as social policy, health policy, innovation policy, trade and immigration policy, resource and environmental policy, and public sector management. This combination of theory, application and research ensures that our graduates are well prepared to: > develop strategic planning, leadership and management skills; > draft policy papers and decision documents; > engage in basic and applied policy research; > work with governments and advocacy groups to identify and promote specific policy measures; and > participate in and lead teams of individuals or groups seeking to examine problems, identify issues, promote solutions and evaluate and assess outcomes of policy measures. The MPA program can be completed in one year with the appropriate selection of courses; however, the program can be extended beyond one year for those students who need more time, are working or whose first language is not English. Students entering the program are required to participate in...
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...* Getting the timing right for privatisation is hard to gauge. Has government exhausted all other alternatives previously? * Do we have the relevant institutional environment in place?: private property rights protection, rule-of-law, hard budget constraints, competition and regulation * Is privatisation a short run or long run solution? Debts are paid off but the loss of revenue streams for the future is a major risk… * De-centralization of PSE’s activities and responsibilities to local institutions and grass-root organizations can reduce inefficiency and mismanagement associated with central government. This diminishes the dominance government and private agencies would have over the wider society in developing countries. * Resistance to privatisation, by society, due to hike in prices. * Would you really get an increase in revenue if you cut out the working class? Would the middle & upper classes begin to utilize the services? * If government privatizes in any industry that is invaluable (transport board, hospital etc.) with few competitors, the rise in their prices would cause other competitors to raise their prices as well, thereby further hurting the consumers. * Before considering privatising public sector enterprises, efforts should be made to improve their performance level via managerial and efficiency reforms. In its true form, this is a rarely attempted alternative (Whitfield, 1992: 4). * Public sector reform should seek to change...
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...What were the risks posed by Georgia and what mechanisms did AES use to mitigate these risks? The financial losses of the electricity sector of Georgia totaled between a quarter of a billion and $400 million. The government believed that a private investor could help mitigate the risks and losses for Georgia. One profound problem that needed attention was the delayed maintenance and repairs that the government lacked the capital to undertake. This, in effect, allowed for only 42% available capacity. Another problem was the egregiously low collection rates, which ranged from 20 to 40 percent because most of the population stole electricity using illegal lines. A third problem Georgia had was the rampant corruption in the energy sector. The rate of theft of domestic funds was very high, which as a result left less money for the industry to utilize. One last risk posed by Georgia was their shortage of fuel and the unwillingness of neighboring countries to supply them with it. AES- Telasi decided to implement a two pronged strategy to negate the risks posed by Georgia. The first component was to invest in plant, equipment, and technology to bring the company up to the standard. The single largest expenditure item was imported fuel which was necessary to generate electricity. The new investments helped AES not only to meet financial commitments but it helped generate revenue, improve electricity supply and most importantly helped create goodwill. The employees loved Scholey and...
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...thoughts. As I responded when first asked to do this, “We are seeing some real challenges in our public administration, and this will encourage me to read a book that I know I should read, but which I might not otherwise rush to.” This is true, and therein lies a big challenge—this book will be read by far more academics studying the bureaucratic side of the public service, and by those working in it, than by elected politicians. That is a shame. A big part of our job is to keep government to account, yet not nearly enough of us on the political side learn how the civil service really works, and how we must work together. Together, elected politicians and members of the civil service form part of the larger concept of service to the public, service to country. In the democracy that is Canada, politicians represent the will of the people. They are the ones ultimately held accountable to the public. The other side of the public service, the civil service, carries out the administration of the government and its services to Canadians. The two work hand in hand, balancing the policy directions articulated by the people through the politicians, with the consistency of programs and services—and advice—provided by an impartial civil service. At least that’s how it works in theory. This book explores all of that, and more. Thirty four individual authors are represented, and they provide a rich, substantive range of...
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...V, PGP/17/248 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ROLE OF CSOS IN BUSINESS GOVERNMENT INTERFACE 3. LOBBYING - INTRODUCTION 4. ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF LOBBYING 5. EXAMPLES OF LOBBYING 6. ACTIONS BEING TAKEN TO CURB THE UNETHICAL ASPECT OF LOBBYING 7. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 1. INTRODUCTION The growth and function of every business is highly dependent on the government. A large number of government actions in addition to laws and regulations affect companies’ finances. There are several reasons behind regulation of business by the government. 1. Public safety and welfare: Many industries are regularly reviewed and overseen because their activities, if they go skewed, can have detrimental effects to human health, financial well-being, or community structure. [21] 2. Protecting industry: Many regulations are in place to protect those who have developed their business correctly; licensing, permits, and inspections by the government clear out criminal activities that challenge truthful industries. [21] 3. Revenue generation: Many programs require certification or licensing that businesses must pay for in order to operate. The funds collected go to pay for the government programs that perform the oversight of the particular industry. However, in many cases, some portion of revenue is also deflected to general government purposes and is, effectively, a tax. Businesses, on the other hand, may consult...
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...and these days grocery stores just put a limit on certain items rather than go through the trouble of issuing out a coupon. The term first come first serves have a long list of pro’s and cons. One important strength would be that it creates and urgency and depending on if there is a limit it allows consumer to take advantage of a great deal. The weakness is that when it is a first come first serve basis in rations you end up having a large crowd and a large amount of disappointed people. Rations are only good when it is a must but when a company does it because they want to it can be seen as a bad idea than can upset some consumers if not given a valid reason. Government failures According to the readings in chapter one governments and laws in all...
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