...government has supreme rule and imposed it to safeguard the tobacco industry. Effects of job opportunities will also covered in relation to law in society and business law. The preemption power seems narrow after examination of the Supreme Courts language on the case of Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. The case was based on the conflict between state and federal law on the marketing and advertising of the tobacco industry. Federal law is supreme in situations with conflicts. As noted by Melvin, “Article VI of the Constitution provides that the laws of the United States shall be the supreme Law of the Land” (Melvin, 2011, "Chapter 2, Business and the Constitution, Commerce Powers"). This is possibly narrow because in conflicts between state and federal law there is a need for language in the statute stating requirement or lack of a statement will result in preempted in conflict with the federal law. The ruling of the Supreme Court does not keep residents of New Jersey and other states from suing the tobacco industry. According to Melvin, “the direct and broad power to regulate all persons and products related to the flow of interstate commerce is the fundamental source of its authority” (Melvin, 2011, "Chapter 2, Business and the Constitution, Commerce Powers"). Congress has imposed specific laws regarding how tobacco industry can label and market their product. According to this case anyone legally can sue the tobacco industry. It is important for states to be careful...
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...“Did you know that approximately 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced globally each year and are smoked by over 1.1 billion people or greater than one-sixth of the world population?”(Musebaby) The use of tobacco is a global problem and it has numerous negative effects on people. The tobacco industry has continuously derailed governments and organizations that have attempted to control tobacco. The production of tobacco damages the environment, the cigarette smoke is very harmful to the smoker’s bystanders, and it gives health consequences to the smoker. For several years smoking has been the most common and most unhealthy habits for people. In the first place, all smokers believe that they are only harming them self but they are ignorant because it is a contributor to the environmental pollution. From smoking, the cigarette butts and smoke effect the environment greatly, leading to air, water, and land pollution. In outdoor places, regulating smoking it will keeps the ground clean from the cigarette butts. Depending on the environment the cigarette will take up to ten to fifteen years to biodegrade. The best and easiest way to stop the environmental destruction from smoking is to not buy the product. For example, in the Netherlands, Finland, and in the United Kingdom they have a complete or strong ban, but in the United States we have a local legislation. Smoking greatly influences the surrounding atmosphere. Furthermore, to the public the contents of secondhand...
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...Natallia Harry Professor Deavers ENG 111/9 12.09.09 Smoking bans Lately, the health hazards connected with "passive smoking" or "second-hand smoke" - also known as "environmental tobacco smoke”, have been gradually getting increased recognition. The majority of people in modern society are aware that smoking can cause health problems not only in smokers but in people nearby. In recent years many cities, districts and whole states have cracked down on smoking in public. As of October 2009, nearly 60 percent of the U.S. population, or more than 175 million people, live in areas that have passed strong smoke-free laws covering restaurants and bars – a figure that has nearly doubled in size in three years ( Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids). While the purpose of smoke-free laws is to protect health, some have expressed concern that an unintended side effect might be economic losses, especially within the hospitality industry. In fact, according to the Report of the Surgeon General ,who is the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government, “The results of all credible peer- reviewed studies show that smoke-free policies and regulations do not have a negative impact on business revenues … and they are the most effective way to improve worker and business health”( Report of the Surgeon General). The number of smokers in America is truly a staggering number; according to an in-depth study by the Institute of Medicine, approximately...
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...Examining the Application Business Ethics and Laws in the Tobacco Industry Abstract “Ethics is not something exterior to the economy…rather, ethics is and interior principle of the economy itself, which cannot function if it does not take account of the human values of solidarity and reciprocal responsibility.” (Pope Benedict XVI) I agree with Pope Benedict. Ethics deals with values that relate to the nature of human conduct and values associated with that conduct. In today’s business environment it is critical to understand the relationship between ethics and business law as ethical behavior and corporate responsibility are more important than ever. It has been argued that good ethics within an organization equate to good business, although good ethics are not required to be successful in business. This examination will put a spotlight on the role of ethics in the business environment, with a particular look at the application of ethics in the tobacco industry. Keywords: ethics, business ethics, natural law, tobacco Examining the Application Business Ethics and Laws in the Tobacco Industry “Business transactions are completed through a combination on values of the parties and the laws that reflect those values and the importance of ones word in business.” (Twomey & Jennings, 2014, p. 33) Business ethics examine an organizations ethical principles and potential moral and ethical dilemmas. In a general sense, business ethics is the application of moral and...
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...Did you know that smoking cigarettes is one of the leading cause of death in the United States? (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018, pg. 1) Today, we are aware of the cause of cigarette smoking to our health and to the environment. Smoking cigarettes should be banned and restricted in public areas due to cigarettes causing air pollution, contaminates water, and carries carbon monoxide into the environment and health. In addition, by disallowing people who smoke in public areas, will influence them to smoke less. One reason why I am against people smoking in public areas is because cigarettes creates air, water, and land pollution. The one thing that actually creates air pollution is the cigarette butts. These cigarette butts are...
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...-1 or inelastic and the addictive nature of cigarettes being cited as the main reason for it. The study however does point out that if the prices are increased for a longer period, the demand might in fact be elastic as people would be impacted more by the increase in prices. The research further suggested that the demand elasticity varies amongst poor and rich countries along with the population demographics. (Perucic, 2012) In general when the prices are increased or taxes are raised on inelastic products, the beneficiary is often the producer or the government as the tax burden would be on the consumers. A tax on cigarettes would mean the consumers bearing a greater tax incidence which would in fact discourage them to spend more on tobacco products. (Tax-inelastic-demand n.d.) As seen in the graph above, a tax imposition on cigarettes would shift the supply curve on the left with the equilibrium quantity reducing from Q to Q 1. The inelastic demand would mean that the tax burden is borne by the consumers whereas the producers bear a small fraction of the tax applied. The government while increasing taxes on cigarettes needs to ensure that all relevant substitutes for the...
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...Cigarette smoking There is a major concern about banning cigarette smokers in the U.S. the mortality among both males and females smokers in the USA is more than three times higher than that among non-smokers. I agree that smoking should be prevented because it leads to many types of cancer and heart disease; secondly health affects exposure of secondhand smoke, thirdly it affects the health of the youth smoking tobacco, and fourthly the cost of treatment associated with cigarette smoking (healthcare). Cigarette smoking increases the risk of dying from cancer of the lungs, esophagus, larynx and oral cavity (as we studied in biology). The harmful effect of cigarettes is the chemical makeup of cigarette. According to Quitsmokingsupport.com Cigarettes contain over 4,000 chemicals , some of those chemicals are the heavy metals, humectants, casting agents ,pesticide, insecticides and nicotine which is an addictive substance added into a cigarette; that is why it is very hard for smokers to stop smoking right away . A friend’s mother who smoked up to 3 packs of cigarette per day for more than 25 years. She looked healthy and often cited that cigarette kills those who were already predisposed to suffer from those diseases. Years later she died, suffered from ventricular arrhythmia which means heart did not beat properly as a result it pumped little or no blood to the body organs; usually caused by nicotine in cigarette. According to Medical News Today (MNT), cigarette smoking...
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...especially in the EU. Influence of Trans National Corporations (TNC), such as Royal Dutch Shell is significant on the environmental agenda (Lawrence & Weber, 2004). Today it is not just enough to have a superior quality product, if it is not produced in an ethical correct way, regarding employees, environment, NGO’s and other essential stakeholders1 to the company. Being social responsible is important, but if the stakeholders are not aware of the fact that the company is social responsible, the efforts of the company are lost. (Morsing & Beckmann, 2006, p. 17) (Elkington, 2000, p. 229) (Freeman & Velamuri, 2006, pp. 10-11) Communicating the CSR policy is, as a consequence, vital for corporations around the globe, and is today a large part of the PR communication in many organizations. Especially the industry of “sin stocks”, being tobacco, oil products, weapon industry etc. is often accused of producing products harming the general public health, environment and supporting war (Morsing & Beckmann, 2006, p. 136). The focus of this thesis is on the oil industry, and the Shell Corporation. Since the early 1970’s the oil industry has been accused of polluting and destroying the environment on a global perspective, especially by non government organisations (NGO), such as Greenpeace (Bakir, 2006, p. 81). Today the majority of people in the western world are aware of the fact that the world is facing huge problems with large Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions and global warming. Furthermore...
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...working on tobacco farms in the United States are exposed to nicotine, toxic pesticides, and other dangers, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. While US law prohibits the sale of tobacco products to children, children can legally work on tobacco farms in the US. The world’s largest tobacco companies buy tobacco grown on US farms, but none have child labor policies that sufficiently protect children from hazardous work. The 138-page report, “Tobacco’s Hidden Children: Hazardous Child Labor in US Tobacco Farming,” documents conditions for children working on tobacco farms in four states where 90 percent of US tobacco is grown: North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. Children reported vomiting, nausea, headaches, and dizziness while working on tobacco farms, all symptoms consistent with acute nicotine poisoning. Many also said they worked long hours without overtime pay, often in extreme heat without shade or sufficient breaks, and wore no, or inadequate, protective gear. “As the school year ends, children are heading into the tobacco fields, where they can’t avoid being exposed to dangerous nicotine, without smoking a single cigarette” said Margaret Wurth, children’s rights researcher at Human Rights Watch and co-author of the report. “It’s no surprise the children exposed to poisons in the tobacco fields are getting sick.” The report is based on interviews with 141 child tobacco workers, ages seven to 17 | Children working in tobacco farming...
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...Many surveys, studies and scientific research has proved that smoking is injurious to health. Smoke is unhealthy and suffocating. It pollutes the environment. There are two types of smokers - active and passive. The person who smokes is active and other who are near to him and inhale the smoke are passive smokers. Both are equally affected by the ill effects of smoking. Smokers and non-smokers meet at many places like offices, buses, hotels, etc. So, considering the bad effects of smoking on individual's health, environment as well as individual rights, it should be banned in public places. A person who wants to smoke can do so by keeping himself in isolation. The smoking of cigarette is glamorized through advertisements. More and more young boys and girls are attracted by this. Even the 'statutory warning' on the cigarette packets does not stop them. The young generation think that those who smoke are smart, modern and intellectual. However, smoking is not a good habit. Those who smoke suffer from several health problems. A chain-smoker is the worst sufferer. Cigarette contains 4,000 types of chemicals out of which 43 are carcinogenic. The carbon monoxide concentration in the smoke is greater than 20,000 ppm. This is diluted to 400-500 during inhalation. It displaces oxygen from hemoglobin and the result is impairment of the central nervous system, cardiac and pulmonary diseases (related to lungs). These may eventually lead to heart attacks. Cigarette also contains ammonia...
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...strive to make a reality. Unfortunately, many are deprived of that dream because of smoking and tobacco use. It is estimated that approximately 16 million Americans suffer from a disease as a result of smoking in addition to the one in five deaths that occur annually from smoking (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to describe the population affected by smoking, summarize the attributes of two successful health advocacy programs and develop a successful health advocacy campaign for smoking. Smoking and the Affected Population Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the nation (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). There are many reasons that an individual chooses to partake in tobacco use including stress and peer pressure. In 2012, with an estimated 42.1 million Americans aged 18 years or older, approximately 18% of the adult population was cigarette smokers (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). Aside from adult users, it is estimated that more than 3,200 adolescents smoke their first cigarette on a daily basis (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). According to the 2012 Surgeon General’s Report, approximately 9 out of 10 smokers initiate smoking by the age of 18, and 99% will begin smoking by the age of 26 (Cigarette Smoking, 2014). Many people, regardless of age, race or socioeconomic status, interact daily with a tobacco user. Tobacco users tend to fail to realize that their choices affect not only them but those around them as...
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...CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction Teens smoke for many reasons and often for the same reasons as adults do: to cope with stress, to control their weight, as a social habit and to combat boredom. One of the biggest reasons teens start to smoke is peer influence: smoker’s friends do it. Studies show that this is especially true for girls. There's clear evidence that tobacco companies target children in their marketing. Some of the most effective are sports sponsorships - for example, boys are twice as likely to smoke if they follow car racing. Movies too: the more kids see their favorite movie stars smoking on the screen, the more likely they'll try it themselves. Some researchers think that tobacco advertising carries even more weight than peer influence. Teenagers usually smoke cigarettes because they are seeking the answer to try to be "cool" or try to be "adult". Sometimes, teens see their parents smoking and want to do it. This is a major problem because they want to be like their parents and sense they are adults, teens also want to feel like adults. A lot of adults and teens have depression and when they feel sad, smokers find cigarettes to "help" them go through their sadness. Not all people with depression smoke though. Take homeless people as an example. Smokers want to forget about their troubles and smoke weed or get drunk because homeless people think that getting high or drunk will make them happier. Sometimes, teens see their friends do it. Smoker’s...
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...been linked to heart and respiratory disease; lung, breast, cervical, and nasal sinus cancers; strokes and miscarriages. In children, dangers include sudden infant death syndrome, fetal growth impairment, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma and middle-ear disease. People who smoke subject themselves to deadly diseases, as well as long- and short-term health problems. Non-smokers should not have to live with the consequences of smokers' actions. http://www.publishyourarticles.net/knowledge-hub/essay/an-essay-on-should-smoking-be-banned-in-public-places.html Many surveys, studies and scientific research has proved that smoking is injurious to health. Smoke is unhealthy and suffocating. It pollutes the environment. There are two types of smokers - active and passive. The person who smokes is active and other who are near to him and inhale the smoke are passive smokers. Both are equally affected by the ill effects of smoking. Smokers and non-smokers meet at many places like offices, buses, hotels, etc. So, considering the bad effects of smoking on individual's health, environment as well as individual rights, it should be banned in public places. A person who wants to smoke can do so by keeping himself in isolation. The smoking of cigarette is glamorized through advertisements. More and more young boys and girls are attracted by this. Even the 'statutory warning' on the cigarette packets does not stop them. The young generation think that those who smoke are smart, modern and intellectual...
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...| A grim contradiction: The practice and consequences of corporate social responsibility by British American Tobacco in Malaysia * British American Tobacco Malaysia (BATM) was formed from he merger of Rothmans of Pall Mall (Malaysia) Berhad and Malaysian Tobacco Company Berhad on 3 November 1999. * Today, British American Tobacco Malaysia is the clear market leader with approximately 63% market share, and ranks amongst the top 25 companies on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad in terms of market capitalisation. * British American Tobacco Malaysia manufactures and markets high quality tobacco products designed to meet diverse consumer preferences. Their portfolio includes well-established international names such as Dunhill, Kent and Pall Mall.Q1. Explain what is CSR * Corporate Social Responsibility is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. * Kilcullen corporatn and Kooistra (1999, p.158) defined CSR as ‘the degree of moral obligation that may be ascribed to corporations beyond simple obedience to the laws of the state. * However, Maignan and Ferrell (2004) trace the evolution of perspectives on CSR from its emergence in the 1950s as 1. Social Obligation 2. Stakeholder Obligation * CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives as mentioned in Triple-Bottom-Line-...
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...Corporation Ethics The study of ethics within corporations is a study of applied ethics that examine moral and ethical dilemmas, and ethical principles that come up in the business world. It is an important subject in today’s business world; with the scandals that are in the business news around the world. It is crucial that business organizations question their principles in every area, from product testing, customer service, to working in the global economy. The list of corruption cases in the world are growing in number. It is becoming a problem that governments across the globe have to face. Greed is usually the driving force in corruption around the world regardless of the industry. “To be really greedy, a person has to not just want and acquire a lot of material wealth. He (or she) needs to come by it less than honestly, and enjoy stacking it up in the face of the far less fortunate. He has to put his own desire for stuff above the needs and legitimate concerns of those around him. In the business world, that often means cheating. Madoff, for example, didn't just get rich, he got rich by faking an entire investment enterprise and doing it at the expense of decent charities and people who had trusted him with their life savings. All that just served to make him the most-hated guy of ... well, of February. By March, all that populist anger had turned to the AIG bonus boys. It wasn't just that they got fat bonuses after their firm took U.S. government bailout...
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