...Liberalism and The consequences of World War II Ayomide A Adaranijo History 3100; Diplomatic History Dr. Oreste Foppiani Although the term liberalism, in the political sense, became very popular in the early 1970’s, actions that would qualify as liberalism had begun to take place since, at the latest, after the Second World War, and probably before that time. The aftermath of the Second World War was the beginning of wide spread international cooperation, and the period immediately after the war signified the beginning of international organizations and the beginning of political and economic cooperation amongst the most powerful countries at the time. Because of the effects of the war, most countries had no other choice but to cooperate with each other in order to recover from the economic downturn after World War II. This period after the war marked the beginning of a series of actions that would eventually lead to the globalized and interdependent political economy that we have today. At the end of the Second World War, most of the former super powers (Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany) were in ruins. The only two true winners of the war were the United States and the Soviet Union. However, the United States was the only country to come out of World War 2 with a stable and efficient economy as well as an intact army and the capacity to produce nuclear weapons (this was very crucial at that time). With most of the world’s economy in jeopardy, the leaders of these...
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...AP* World History Study Guide and Graphic Organizers – Unit 5: The Modern World, 1914 CE – present 1. World War I Students are required to know the causes, major events, and consequences of WWI 1) Causes a) Imperialism i) No new lands to expand into – some nations didn’t have many colonies (Germany, Italy) ii) Rivalries as nations competed for colonies iii) Sometimes armed conflict in colonial lands for control over resources b) Nationalism i) Pride in one’s nation, want one’s nation to be the best and most powerful ii) Fostered conflict as nations competed to be the best iii) Justified imperialism, militarism iv) Caused disruptions in multi-ethnic nations (Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire); rebellions, revolts against foreign rule c) Militarism i) Build up of a country’s military; keeping a large standing army ii) Nations expanded their militaries as a show of power iii) Arms race: each nation needed to have a standing army because their neighbors had standing armies d) Alliances i) Bismarck: German chancellor behind alliance system in Europe ii) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy allied; France, Great Britain, Russia allied 2) Events a) Assassination of Archduke Frantz Ferdinand: Serbian terrorists kill the Austrian duke and his wife as they honeymooned in Sarajevo i) Austria demands Serbian submission ii) Russia offers to back Serbians in defying Austrians iii) Austria and Germany declare war on Serbia and Russia (along with Russia’s allies) b) Schlieffen...
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...justified by the actions one took to get there, regardless of the methods used (End justifies the means, n.d.). The phrase suggests that it does not matter whether these methods are legal or illegal, moral or immoral, kind or cruel, or truth or lie. The phrase has to be put into context in order to understand how it can be applied in our modern times. The Prince’s original intended audience was rulers (i.e., government), and was meant to advise and instruct them (Nederman, 2009). The Prince was never meant for the common people. Since "the end justifies the means" was originally meant for the government, then its doctrine can only be acceptable when it is used by the government under certain situations, such as to establish peace during a time of war. Should “the end justifies the means” be unconditional? Can it be situational? Over the years, people have abused "the end justifies the means." The phrase has been used to excuse any wrongs made to attain a goal. For example, a banker will reason that it is all right to steal millions of dollars because she is giving half of it to charities. A study was done in Journal of Personality & Social Psychology that showed that ordinary people use the "the end justifies the means" reasoning to make ethical and moral judgments (Cote, Piff, & Willer, 2013). The study showed that the more higher up in income people are the more likely they are to use "the end...
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...years of unprecedented warfare. By 1918 the world had been shocked with over 8.5 million killed on both the Allies and Axis sides (WWI Casualty and Death Tables) with many more severely mangled and scarred – body, mind and spirit. This shows evident through the experiences of German Soldier, Ernst Simmel; he writes, “when I speak about the war as an event, as the cause of illness, I anticipate something has revealed... namely that it is not only the bloody war which leaves such devastating traces in those who took part in it. Rather, it is also the difficult conflict in which the individual finds himself in his fight against a world transformed by war. Either in the trenches or at home can befall a single organ, or it may encompass the entire person” (Simmel, 1918). For Ernst, and millions of other participants, the war had forever changed their world, including the foundation of their country. An armistice was finally signed on November 11, 1918. Allied nations didn’t hesitate to execute their idea of justice for Germany. By January 1919, hundreds of Allied leaders and their staffs assembled in Paris. They formed committees in which every aspect of the war would be examined, evaluated and weighed. The mass gathering of worldwide leadership entered the history books as the Paris Peace Conference, from which, the Treaty of Versailles was created. These meeting were unusual in nature; being the first in which vast collections of world...
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...Sociology Major Essay – Modernity “To be modern is to find ourselves in an environment that promises us adventure, power, joy, growth, transformation of ourselves and the world - and, at the same time, that threatens to destroy everything we have, everything we know, everything we are.” – Marshall Berman, All That Is Solid Melts Into Air, (Verso, London, 1988 p.1). Drawing on a variety of sociologists writings on modernity explain the idea of modernity as both positive and negative. Modernity is defined in the Collins English Dictionary as the quality or state of being modern. (Hanks 1979) This state of modernity, as described by M. Berman, is one that has positive and negative influences on both the private and public spheres. The modern world in which we live is one that is heavily influenced by the havoc of war and the ongoing process of capitalism. In order to understand the complexities of modernity, one must weigh its pros and cons. Ex-Cambridge Lecturer and sociologist T. Bilton pinpointed the origins of modernity to be during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century. He discusses the slow industrialisation, new attitudes towards capitalism, and mass urbanisation. These attributes of modernity saw positive growth in wealth and the creation of bigger and more fluid markets. The trends that originated in 1780s England were to soon spread globally, with an increasing concentration of workers in larger workplaces, in tandem with deteriorating work conditions and...
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...By looking at the British, French, and Acadians perspective one can understand the wins, losses and consequences of the 7 years war. The Acadians experienced negative short term consequences and long term negative consequences. The Acadians lived in Nova Scotia since 1604, in 1755 in Halifax the British told the Acadians that they must take an oath of allegiance to Britain. “The Acadians refused and roughly 10,000 acadians were deported, some died from starvation others from illness. The Acadians that survived, were moved to many places in the Atlantic, or in the Caribbean” -states the Canadian Encyclopedia. This was very bad for the Acadians because the land that they lived on was taken away from them. This was a short term consequence, but the Acadians still are experiencing long term consequences today because they are much more spread out along the world than they used to be, and their community is not the same as it used to be....
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...Neil.L Guernica American has been through many wars throughout the years. You can hear and learn about wars through textbooks, libraries, classrooms, and websites; but what about pictures and the art museums. A picture is worth a thousand words, and that is exactly what Pablo Picasso did with his painting Guernica. Guernica is a painting by famous Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. It was painted as a reaction to the aerial bombing of Guernica, Spain by German and Italian forces during the Spanish Civil War in 1937. The Spanish Republic, government of Spain, appointed Picasso to paint a large mural about the bombing to display at the 1937 World’s Fair in Paris. Guernica show the anguish, horror and pain inflicted on humanity and the innocent. It shows the destructions of war and the awareness for others to remember and never forget. Guernica is a powerful painting, considered a “Masterpiece” by Pablo Picasso and has become an anti-war icon. Guernica became a very powerful art work for many reasons but, most importantly for its usage of colors and of imagery depicting the emotions the characters are showing in the painting. Guernica consists of shades of blacks, grays and whites, representing sadness, and dark emotions for the characters and the event of the bombing. It shows the pains of the innocent, a woman wailing over a dead child in her hands, a horse ripped open, tragic events with images of soldier, flames painted to signify the town on fire and people...
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...US History Unit 2 Abstract Our country, like every entity will grow and evolve with time. Even a single celled organism will grow and change through time. The United States Federal Government is no different. Throughout the history of the United States, the authority of the Federal Government as grown dramatically. Some may argue the necessity of this growth and some may even pursue a smaller Federal Government in their daily lives. This essay will explore four different periods of time that the Federal Government extended its authority. The Cold War In black and white, grainy letters appear on screen that say, “Fallout, When and how to protect yourself from it”. In the background, beautiful snowflakes fall, representing the nuclear ash that falls after an atomic blast. The scene fades to white, then transitions into a blast, accompanied by a black plume of smoke that reaches the clouds (Defense, 1955). Images like this could sum up the fears and emotions after World War II; the beginning of the Cold War. At the end of World War II, America was the most powerful country in the World. America’s intervention in the war effectively ended it. A major turning point of the war was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This marked the end of the Japanese Empire and the beginning of a new age in the history of Planet Earth. It was the age of the Atomic Bomb. In 1965, American Theoretical Physicist Robert Oppenheimer was quoted on national television...
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...European Expansion and Religious Wars Pages 489-524 1. 2. Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis 3. Gunpowder’s contribution to the nature of war in the 16th century 4. Frances I & Henry II of France’s domestic policies 5. The nobility of the robe 6. Result of the Concordat of Bologna 7. Why Calvinism took hold in France 8. The sons of Henry II 9. The root of French religious violence 10. Saint Bartholemew's Day Massacre 11. The War of the Three Henrys 12. Politiques 13. Henry of Navarre 14. Edict of Nantes 15. the economic importance of the Netherlands 16. political history of the Netherlands (17 provinces) 17. Charles V’s abdication & the division of his lands between brother and son 18. Why Calvinism took root in the Netherlands 19. Margaret, regent of the Netherlands 20. The cathedral of Notre Dame of Antwerp 21. Duke of Alva 22. Prince William of Orange 23. Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma 24. Union of Utrecht 25. Why Elizabeth came to the aid of the Protestant Netherlands (Page 496) 26. The Escorial 27. Philip II (make sure and read his political, religious background) 28. Philip’s “British problem” 29. Spanish Armada 30. Results of the defeat of the Armada for both Spain and England 31. Lutheranism, Calvinism and German bishoprics 32. Protestant Union vs. Catholic League 33. Four Phases of the Thirty Years’ War a. Bohemian Phase (Defenestration...
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...How World War I Began OUTLINE: 1. Thesis Statement 2. Introduction: a. Listing of all gradual causes and the immediate ones. 3. Body: a. Elaboration on Imperialism b. Nationalism c. Web of alliances d. Serbian crisis e. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand 4. Conclusion THESIS STATEMENT: An analysis of the pre-World War One events reveals that it was a consequence of several factors like imperialism, militarism and nationalism. However, the events that triggered the war were the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and the Balkan crisis. World war one was a consequence of several factors that kept on increasing tensions between imperial powers of Europe. However, the main causes to which the war is attributed are imperialism, nationalism, alliances and binding treaties, militarism and diplomatic clashes. These all factors kept aggravating the tensions between countries for about a decade and then there were certain incidents that trickled the aggression. Some of these events include the assassination of the then heir to Austro-Hungarian throne Franz Ferdinand and his wife. Another immediate cause of the war was the Moroccan and Bosnian crisis. Imperialism has always been considered as one of the major causes that led to world war one. The British and French empires were minting finances and natural resources from their colonies. The modernization in industry meant increase in production and hence new...
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...Please rephrase answer 1 and 2. Elaborate answer 3, 4, and 5. I have done it in question-answer format, please write it in essay style. Introduction: (u dont have to rephrase the introduction) During world war 2, USA dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.The first bomb was dropped hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The Japanese still did not surrender so three days later on august 9, 1945 USA dropped another bomb on the city of Nagasaki.(1) Question-answer 1. Statement of the problem What aspects of the topic make it an environmental problem? Answer. The events of August 6 and August 9 can be translated into environmental effects more literally. The blasts caused air pollution from dust particles and radioactive debris flying around, and from the fires burning everywhere. Many plants and animals were killed in the blast, or died moments to months later from radioactive precipitation. Radioactive sand clogged wells used for drinking water winning, thereby causing a drinking water problem that could not easily be solved. Surface water sources were polluted, particularly by radioactive waste. Agricultural production was damaged; dead stalks of rice could be found up to seven miles from ground zero. In Hiroshima the impact of the bombing was noticeable within a 10 km radius around the city, and in Nagasaki within a 1 km radius. (2) 2. Historical basis of the problem. When did the problem start? Where? What...
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...LESSON 7. THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND THE INTERWAR CRISIS THE FIRST WORLD WAR The 1st WW was debated between two opposing blocks: The Allies: France, UK and the Russian Empire (with the collaboration of Italy, Japan, Belgium and the USA) And the Central Powers: Germany and Austria-‐Hungary (together with the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria) It was a global war centred in Europe that began on 28th July 1914 and lasted until 11th November 1918, the moment the Allies obtained the victory. By the end of the war the map of Europe was redrawn with several independent nations restored or created, and as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War (the Treaty of Versailles), an intergovernmental organisation was founded with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a terrible conflict (the League of Nations). PROBLEM: This aim failed and, as a result, the renewed European nationalism (together with the German feeling of humiliation) contributed to the rise of fascism that gave birth to the Second World War some years later (1939). The First World War represented the break with the 19th century and a dramatic change...
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...References Financial crises – definitions and origin The majority of economists and monetarists define financial crises as a manifestation form of banking crises, with an impact on financial stability and reaching the state of collapse of the financial infrastructure in the absence of central bank‟s intervention. Financial collapse which affects most of the companies generates quickly problems over the banking system as the following consequences: the panic of the clients, inability to distinguish between the efficiency and the difficulty of banks, deposit withdrawals. Jack Reed, an American politician mentions: “The financial crisis is a stark reminder that transparency and disclosure are essential in today's marketplace.” In economic literature, the problems in the banking system are the main sources of the financial crises. All the economic collapses require injections of liquidity or public financial funds, in some cases, private funds from banks and international institutions. Financial crises have usually as a consequence the unemployment because labor markets are globally rigid, the currency is in devaluation, and people usually enter into a "forced leave". Therefore, the most important crises that marked the population at an individual and global level, in a top of seven, were: the Great Depression during 1929-1939, German Hyperinflation between 1918 and 1924, the Great Recession in...
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...When war broke out, there was no way the world could possibly know the levels of severity that the war would escalate also. Fortunately one country saw and understood that Germany and its allies would have to be stopped. America's involvement in World War 2 not only contributed in the eventual downfall of the insane Adolph Hitler and his Third Reich, but had also came at the precise time and moment. Had the United States entered the war any later the consequences might have been worse. Over the years, it has been an often heated and debated issue on whether the United States could have entered the war sooner and thus saved many lives. To try to understand this we must look both at the people and at government's point of view. Just after war broke out in Europe, President Roosevelt hurriedly called his cabinet and military advisors together. There it was agreed that the United States stay neutral in these affairs. One of the reasons given was that unless America was directly threatened, they had no reason to be involved. Thus, the provisional neutrality act passed the senate by seventy-nine votes to two in 1935. On August 31, Roosevelt signed it into law. In 1936, the law was renewed, and in 1937, a comprehensive and permanent neutrality act was passed. The desire to avoid "foreign entanglements" of all kinds had been an American foreign policy for more than a century. Even if Roosevelt had wanted to do more in the European crisis (which he did not), there was a factor too often...
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...you use relevant information from both the lectures and the textbook. Each ID should have two parts: a basic definition of the term including who, what, where, when, why, etc. AND the significance of the term, or how it relates to a broader historical theme, event, etc. For example, if Sharecropping were a term, you would want to both define it and also explain the consequences of sharecropping, what it meant for ex-slaves, that it was part of the failure of social reconstruction, etc. Wounded Knee The US government wanted to ban Indian Culture such as the Ghost Dance Freedmen’s Bureau Working Class Dawes Act Open Door Haymarket Emilio Aguinaldo Progressivism Espionage Act The Grange William Jennings Bryan The Great Uprising Pullman Pure Food and Drug Act Mark Twain W. E. B. DuBois Eugene Victor Debs Overproduction Populists V. I. Lenin Surplus Capital Upton Sinclair Federal Reserve Act The Lusitania Part II: From the Readings (20 points) You will be given three terms from the material from As They Said It (chapters 1-2) and American Society since 1900 (chapters 1-2, but only through the end of “Buck Versus Bell”), of which two you will need to address TWO. These terms will be titles of specific selections from the two readers. You MUST demonstrate knowledge of the reading material and not simply try to respond based on lecture material. When explaining the significance of the term,...
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