...liability. Accomplice liability involves a principal and accessory before the fact and an accessory after the fact. A principal is the person who commits the illegal act or who induces an innocent person to do so. An accomplice before the fact is a person who aids or encourages the principal to commit the conduct but is not present and an accessory after the fact is someone who aids the principal in escaping knowing that he has committed a felony. Here, Dan would be considered a principal since he received aid before and after the commission of the felony. Conspiracy Dan can also be guilty of conspiracy. Conspiracy is a specific intent crime. Conspiracy requires an agreement between two or more persons, an intent to enter into the agreement, and the intent by at least two persons to achieve the objective of their agreement and an overt agreement or an action in furtherance of the conspiracy. Here, Dan had an agreement with Eric that he could borrow Eric’s pickup truck to carry the computers away. Dan also borrowed Eric’s truck on the night Vicki was supposed to be away. Here, there was an agreement and an overt act. Eric knew what purpose his truck was going to be used for so here, there are two guilty minds. For conspiracy, there is...
Words: 890 - Pages: 4
...Criminal Justice Evaluation CJA/354 Criminal Justice Evaluation Criminal law defines what conduct is considered criminal. The law defines the acts that may lead to an arrest, prosecution, and imprisonment. (Schmalleger, 2010) Criminal law protects society from harm, punishes individuals who have broken the law, maintains social order, rehabilitates offenders, and deters criminal activity (Schmalleger, 2010). The sources of criminal law include the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights, statutes, ordinances, and regulations. According to the American Heritage Dictionary 2009, a jurisdiction is a “right or power to administer justice and to apply laws”. Jurisdictions include a territory, state, or entity in which the law is enforced. The United States has federalism which consists of two governments who have authority over Americans. These two governments are federal and state governments. Federal governments have authority over “interstate and international commerce, foreign relations, warfare, immigration, bankruptcy, civil rights, and certain crimes committed on the high seas and against the “law of nations” (international law)”. (Schmalleger, 2010, p. 26) State governments have jurisdiction over the welfare of the people within the state and local cities. State governments have the power to make laws to ensure the wellbeing of the people within the territory. Law enforcement agencies, and of the justice systems like the courts and the correctional system...
Words: 883 - Pages: 4
...Five Categories of Crime Cherina Harrell Instructor Alina Perez-Sheppe Introduction to Criminal Justice Oct.3, 2011 In America there are five categories of crime. They are felonies, misdemeanors, offenses, treason and espionage and inchoate offenses. The first on that I am going to discuss is a felony. A felony is a crime punishable by imprisonment for more than twelve months. A person can also get life I prison or lethal injection for a felony. A felony can also be grouped as violent or non violent offenses. The rank of seriousness differs in many states. In New York State, the felonies are ranked in classes such as E, D, C, B, AI and AII. AI is the most severe. Other states rank numerically such as capital, life, 1st degree, 2nd degree and so on. A felony includes offenses as terrorism, treason, arson, kidnapping, burglary, robbery, rape, and murder. If a person gets convicted of any of these offenses they could receive up to 25 years imprisonment of life imprisonment. The second crime is a misdemeanor. A misdemeanor is a lesser criminal act than a felony and is usually punished by paying a fine. The imprisonment for a misdemeanor may include offenses such as drug possession, petty theft and simple assault. The state government and the federal government classify misdemeanors into different classifications, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 according to the seriousness of the crime. A misdemeanor is tried different in court than a felony. A misdemeanor...
Words: 1024 - Pages: 5
...ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CRIME Elements: Actus Reus – physical act or unlawful omission by the D Mens rea – state of mind or intent of D at the time of act Concurrence – actus reus and mens rea exist at same time Harmful result and causation – a harmful result caused both factually and proximately by D’s act Attendant circumstances – ACTUS REUS: Definition: physical/external, or objective, part of the crime Eser = Actus Reus is the comprehensive notion of the act, harm and its connecting link, causation, w/ actus [expressing the voluntary physical movement in conduct] and reus [this conduct results in a certain proscribed harm (e.g. causes injury to the legal interest protected in that crime)] Conduct crimes: punished for illegal act [e.g. driving while intoxicated] Result crimes: punished for result [e.g. murder] VOLUNTARY ACTS: Definition: The D’s act must be voluntary in the sense that it must be a conscious exercise of the will. Rationale: An involuntary act will not be deterred by punishment. Not voluntary // not liable: Conduct that is not the product of the actor’s determination. E.g. A shoves B into C w/ result that C falls to death. Reflexive or convulsive acts Acts performed while the D was either unconscious or asleep UNLESS the D knew that he might fall asleep or become unconscious and engaged in the dangerous behavior. MARTIN V. STATE: Police arrested drunk Martin at home and brought him to highway – convicted of being drunk on highway...
Words: 9944 - Pages: 40
...Running Head: AIDS AIDS Michael W. McAlister Baker College Center for Graduate Studies Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 History 6 Origin 9 The Hunter Theory 9 The Ingestion Theory 9 Polio Vaccination Theory 10 The Conspiracy Theory 10 Spread 11 Research 12 Infection 13 Prevention 13 Cure 14 Conclusion 15 References 16 Abstract This library research paper will provide the reader with a history of AIDS, where and how it originated as well as the public’s common belief of how AIDS was transmitted to humans, subsequently creating an unstoppable pandemic. This article provides scientific substantiation on the spread infection and prevention of the disease as it known today. Introduction A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads through human populations across a large regions such as a continent or spreads worldwide (Pandemic, 2010). Since the eighteen hundreds and early nineteen hundreds, the United States has battled many pandemics and outbreaks of various diseases that have had devastating effects on the public health during the periods they existed by causing thousands of deaths. Pandemics such as the polio pandemic which broke out in 1916 was responsible for killing 6,000 people, the great influenza of 1918 also known as the Spanish Flu was responsible for killing 50 to 100 million people in just six months (The Worst Outbreaks of Disease, n.d.). The number of people killed by this...
Words: 3230 - Pages: 13
...satisfied when the actor had proceed by taking the substantial step necessary to committing the actual crime. Here, looking at the roles that each party played is a way to determine to criminal culpability. First looking at the role of Baker, Baker’s role initially was a solicitor but later merged into being co-conspirator because he was the one that initiated the idea of wanting to rob the near drug store. Under common law, the solicitor only have to intend through suggestion or recommendation for the other parties to want to commit the crime. Based off the M.P.C., where solicitation and conspiracy merges, Bakers suggestion encouraged Able and Charley to agree to the act of robbing the drugstore making them aware because having the knowledge and the specific intent of going to rob the drugstore followed by taking the substantial step of an overt act would satisfy the requirement of conspiracy. By Baker being a...
Words: 824 - Pages: 4
...doctors and other medical professionals. Other parents seem to look at homeopathy, nature and metaphysical tendencies to resolve their medical dilemma as regards to the vaccine.[Huntley and Peeters, 2010; Battles, 2008]. It is at this point that Lewandowski et al. [2013] and his believed that with an increase in knowledge the worldview polarization of science also doubled. Apparently, these issues are evident to point out to the fact that anti-vaccine attitudes are predicted by them. But there is very limited research in place, to depict the underlying factor beneath these forms of psychosocial behaviors against vaccines. The notion of worldview approach to anti-vaccine over vaccines is a current one and stems from paranormal, spiritual, and conspiracy beliefs over the vaccines. These non-evidence ways of life seem to reach out to the attitudes parents depict over vaccines for such a long time.[Jolley and Douglas, 2014; Goertzel, 1994] There those, who see that vaccines are unsafe, impure according to God’s purpose of creation [O’shea, 2001] and even with governments like the Australian taking the Slovakian approach [Kasarda ,2013; Behrmann2010 ],...
Words: 6697 - Pages: 27
...Professor Dana English 1101 March 30, 2016 9/11 Conspiracy Debunked Most people in a disturbed and extremely instable state of mind often will want to believe things that may or may not have actually happened in real time. The year was 2009, a moment that shook Americans grounds so drastically and changed so many peoples lives was September 11, at 8:45 am in New York City. In the blink of an eye, one of Americas most loved cities was attacked and reawakened to the real world. Conspiracy theorists have tried to debunk the theories and misconceptions about the horrific morning of 9/11. Fortunately, after 7 years of analysis and research we figured out that the conspiracy is true, science has undoubtedly debunked this mystery and everything finally makes sense. On September 11, at 8:45 am on a clear Tuesday morning, an American airliner Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City near the 80th floor. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology the North tower was completely obliterated by a single commercial Boeing airliner jet. While studies show that the height of the impacts on the North tower to cause it to collapse is a complete fallacy. The truth is that the top 20 floors could not have possibly disemboweled the remaining sturdy 90 floors. Even though the Boeing was transporting 20,000 gallons of fuel, which certainly caused plenty of damage and fire to the initial impact...
Words: 1322 - Pages: 6
...Rite Aid Corporation, as the third largest drugstore chain (behind Walgreen and CVS) in the United States, operates more than 4600 drug stores in 31 states and the District of Columbia, and engages in selling prescription drugs (more than two-thirds of sales), health aids, cosmetics, beauty supplies, convenience foods and other merchandise. It is headquartered in East Pennsboro Township, Pennsylvania, near Camp Hill, and has about 90,000 employees including pharmacists and part-time employees, as of March 3, 2012. (Marketline.com) Rite Aid Corp. also had a long history, which helps it become a mature company now. In 1958, a businessman named Alex Grass founded Rack Rite Distributors in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to provide health and beauty aids and other sundries to grocery stores. In 1962, he had his first drugstore, called Thrif D Discount Center, in Scranton, Pennsylvania, which was an offshoot of Rack Rite Distributors. In 1965, pharmacy was added in its stores, and this chain was officially adopted its new name Rita Aid in 1968. At the same time, this company went to public and made its debut on the American Stock Exchange. After that, Rite Aid started to make many diverse acquisitions. For example, in the 1970s, it purchased nearly 300 stores, and by 1981 Rite Aid was the #3 drugstore chain, and sales exceeded $1 billion. During 1980s, approximately 900 stores were added in Rite Aid, due to acquisitions. On the other hand, the cost of expansion eroded Rite Aid's profit...
Words: 452 - Pages: 2
...Thesis Statement The controversial life led by Princess Diana as well as her tragic death is a direct consequence of the pressures laid by fame and the pressures of royalty. A lot was expected of her as the Princess of Wales. Her elevation to royalty placed undue demands on a lady who could not bear being on the limelight. Her newly found matrimony did not help as her husband, Prince Charles became a philanderer. The Prince openly carried on his affair with an old flame, Camilla Parker. Any sensible woman should have deserted her husband but Diana was no ordinary woman. She was a mother to princes, one of whom was an heir to the British monarchy. Moreover, Diana had a public responsibility to the people of England to behave as the model princess and initially divorce was out of the question. Consequently she decided to put on a façade of happiness in order to fulfill her role as the peoples’ princess and proud wife. Beneath her superficial glamorous veneer, was a hurting woman who lacked an outlet to vent her gradually growing emotional turmoil. Unfortunately Diana had to live by the chauvinistic protocol of royalty. Just like the predecessors, Charles carried on with an affair in the full glare of the public and his wife was expected to tolerate his behavior. A good example is the infamous Tudor King, Henry VIII. Henry had numerous affairs but his wives did not object as it was indeed a man’s world. Apparently such norms are in play as exhibited by Prince Charles. Her...
Words: 1901 - Pages: 8
...seems to represent an actively hostile relationship. However, one must not predate the total deterioration of Anglo-Spanish relations; it was not until the treaty of Nonsuch in 1585, where Elizabeth endorsed English intervention in the Netherland, that war became inevitable between the two nations. Therefore, to the extent that there was an actively hostile foreign policy between England and Spain, it can be argued that the two nations were enemies 1572, a relationship signified by the signing of the Treaty of Blois in 1572. However, it must equally be stressed that war was not unavoidable. It is possible to identify three factors that led to Spain and England becoming ‘enemies’ by 1572; religious differences and the fear of a Catholic conspiracy, the importance of the Netherland to England’s economy and the desire for them to retain their autonomy, and the growing amity between England and France. Garrett Mattingly famously asserted that it was religion, above all else, that determined the aggressive foreign policy between...
Words: 1505 - Pages: 7
...violations of Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. 1, 2. After trial, the court found Microsoft had violated Section 2 by unlawfully maintaining its monopoly in the market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems ("OSs") and by unlawfully attempting to monopolize the market for internet browsers, and that it had violated Section 1 by illegally tying its Windows operating system and its Internet Explorer ("IE") browser. The court ordered Microsoft to submit a plan of divestiture that would split the company into an OS business and an applications business, and ordered interim conduct restrictions. Microsoft, 253 F.3d at 45.” (Weil & McMillan, 2003). The Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits agreements, contracts, combinations, and conspiracies that result in inhibiting or restraining free trade. The act is very broad and can include relationships or agreements that result in price fixing. The Act attempts to either prevent monopolies or break up a monopoly that has been created. Antitrust statutes can be enforced by the federal government through the U.S. Attorney, Federal Trade Commission, through the attorney general of each state, or by individual action. The antitrust provisions of the Sherman Antitrust Act have been used against the railroad industry, the major oil companies, telecommunications, and more recently companies in the high tech industry such as Microsoft. (Mallor, et. al., 2010). Issues: Did Microsoft maintain a monopoly for their product (PC OS system) in...
Words: 1001 - Pages: 5
...country from nuclear destruction - Nixon supporters not happy, heard the plan to assassinate Vietnam president. III. Nixon presidency - Nixon president 1968 - Nixon kept the countries reputation in the world - Met with a Chinese leader, built china- America relations IV. Both supported the space program - Kennedy focused on traveling to the moon - Nixon approved 5 year long program with Soviet Union - Both pushed integration in schools. V. Nixon Watergate Scandal - “deep throat” revealed Nixon used aid to commit crimes. - Nixon having secret alliances, tarnished reputation - Nixon rejected to leave office, resigned VI. Kennedy presidency - Fatal end, assassinated in Dallas - Oswald killed him, than killed by Jack Ruby - FOX news poll showed there was cover up with Kennedy’s assassination - “Zapruder” film approached, “Magic Bullet theory” VII. Conclusion - Many influences, good and bad with both - Both ended early, popular conspiracies, scandals - Hold a good/ bad reputation - Modern right support Nixon, Modern left wing support Kennedy Meltem Colak November 5, 2012 English Compare Contrast Essay Nixon vs. Kennedy John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon were both very popular presidents of the United States of...
Words: 1433 - Pages: 6
...Bailey Haller English 1108 3-23-14 Bibliography Black, Brian "Houdini, Harry." Encyclopedia of American Studies. : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010. Credo Reference. Web. 23 February 2014. This source not only provides background and insight on Harry Houdini’s life and how passionate he was about is magic, but it also provides pictures of Harry Houdini himself performing tricks and outside of his life as a magician. This Library source provides me information on before Mr. Houdini’s career had taken off into worldwide fame all the way into his death. This source provides so much information with great detail about the specific illusions and tricks that he first started preforming and what tricks he is famous for doing. This library source will help me answer the question, who was Harry Houdini? It helps me identify that question by walking me through his life from the day he was born until the day he died. It gives me insight on who his parents and wife were and how passionate he was about magic from an early age. This source gives Houdini a more human aspect than a magician because of how detailed it goes into his background. Cook, James W. "Magic and Magicians." Encyclopedia of American Studies. : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010. Credo Reference. Web. 23 February 2014 In this reference, they talk about what attracted Ehrich Weiss who came to be known as Harry Houdini to the magic scene and what made him great...
Words: 1017 - Pages: 5
...object of this briefing is to inform all of you about the hope that has recently been discovered to possibly cure HIV/AIDS. One of the biggest germs of our time which is responsible for over 2 million lives lost is HIV/AIDS also known as Human Immune Deficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. There is an estimated 33 million people living with HIV/AIDS. This monster of a virus is crossing all ethnic lines as well as social classes and all age groups. It sees no color of the skin, your age or where you come from. What is HIV or by its scientific name the human immune deficiency syndrome or immunodeficiency virus: it is a modern day virus that according to some research dates back to the early 1950’s. As it grows today it has been around since the 1970’s in its current form. HIV has to forms, HIV-1B and HIV-1c. HIV-1B is mainly in the United States and HIV-1C is what we find in Africa. You can have HIV for years and not have any symptoms at all, so what are the phases of HIV? (2) 1) The primary HIV infection phase (aka as acute sero-conversion illness) 2) The asymptomatic phase 3) The minor symptomatic phase 4) The major symptomatic phase 5) AIDS Where did HIV/AIDS come from? Some say it came from chimpanzees in West Africa, others would argue and say that it is a homosexual disease that hit the U.S in the 1980’s. “While conspiracy theorists claim it was developed by the CIA to kill off blacks and homosexuals.” (3) But there is good news, hope...
Words: 893 - Pages: 4
