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Consumer Loan Portfolios

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Submitted By marcosra87
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Consumer Loan Portfolios
El artículo busca definir los elementos de riesgo que radican en los préstamos de consumo y las maneras de controlarlos.
Los préstamos de consumos tienen las siguientes características: * Son un servicio hacia la comunidad * Ofrecen una forma de emplear los depósitos relativamente segura y rentable * Proveen una importante diversificación * Mejora la capacidad para atraer depósitos de consumo * Generalmente son pequeños y el riesgo esta diversificado a lo largo de muchos consumidores * Suelen no tener garantías o de tenerlas suele ser algún activo personal del tomador como puede ser una prenda sobre el bien en cuestión.
Se debe ser cauto a la hora de realizar un préstamo de consumo. Una de las prácticas más peligrosa es prestar a quien ya está sobre endeudado, tiene historia de crédito negativa o no tiene un seguro adecuado.
Algunos ratios que se utilizan para evaluar: * Deuda / Ingresos * Antigüedad laboral * Historia de crédito * Tiempo en su residencia
Es muy importante contar con el personal de crédito adecuado: los empleados deben estar comprometidos y seguir estrictas normas éticas. Entrenamiento y oportunidades de promoción son pilares para cumplir con estos objetivos.
Los empleados deben tener habilidades de presentación, conocimiento de las leyes de protección al consumidor y la habilidad para identificar alternativas de solución a los problemas, de manera tal de asegurarse que los consumidores reciban el tipo de préstamo que mejor se adecue a sus necesidades y posibilidades de repago.
Es fundamental establecer objetivos y metas claras para el personal de créditos: medir y comunicar la performance y resultados, proveer asistencia y capacitación y reconocer los resultados superiores.
En los préstamos de consumo la diversificación por producto puede ser alcanzada ofreciendo una amplia gama de servicios. Por ejemplo, en el banco en cuestión, se ofrecen préstamos para adquisición de rodados, botes, mejoras y/o refacciones de inmuebles, entre otros.
La diversificación por industria implica evitar la concentración de préstamos cuyo repago dependa directamente de una única industria. En un mercado concentrado, la diversificación por industria es más difícil de alcanzar. Generalmente, los bancos regionales no tienen la posibilidad de alcanzar una buena diversificación geográfica.
Lo más importante no es conocer los principios y tener un buen plan, sino su implementación efectiva.

Se adjunta reporte de Pronto! acerca del mercado de créditos de consumos en Uruguay.
Breve resumen: * Se observa una desaceleración en los créditos de consumo, en línea con el consumo y producción en general. * Usuarios expresan un aumento en la predisposición a contraer un crédito en un futuro cercano * El nivel de endeudamiento acompaña el nivel de ingresos de la persona * Niveles de morosidad estables * Mayor participación de los créditos asociados al consumo (Tarjeta de Crédito, órdenes de compra)

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