...Sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in quality and cost of factors of production (labour, resources, capital) * Minimize costs and improve quality (suppliers that are the best in their activity) * E.g. Boing 777: Japan produce the doors, Singapore other parts, Italy wing flaps * Increase the chance to get orders in that particular country, increasing share of global economy * Time difference allows to work in a particular country (like India) while in the US engineers sleep * As a result the national product turns into a global product * The emergence of global institutions: * WTO, GATT, IMF, UN * Drivers of Globalization: * The decline of barriers since the end of World War II * The technological change in communication, information processing, and transportation technologies (aircraft, super-freighter, containerization) * Declining trade and investment barriers: * International trade: export products or services in another country * FDI: invests resources in business activities in another country * Barriers: High tariffs on imports (in the US tariffs...
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...! &A&rising&need&for&robust&port&infrastructure,&strong&growth& potential.& & ! favorable&investment&climate,&and&sops&provided&by&State& Governments&provide&private&players&immense& opportunities&to&venture&into&the§or. & & && Type&of&Port& Public& Sector& corporate& Government& Managed& Private&Port& Ports& Ports 2013 MARCH There are two basic categories of ports in India Classification& & Ports in India Major Non-Major (minor) • There are 13 major ports in the country; 6 • India has about 200 non-major ports of on the eastern coast and 7 on the western coast • Major ports are under the jurisdiction of which one-third are operational • Non-major ports come under the the Government of India and are governed by the Major Port Trusts Act 1963, except Ennore port, which is administered under the Companies Act 1956 jurisdiction of the respective state governments’ maritime boards (GMB) For updated information, please visit www.ibef.org MARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS 5 orts 2013 MARCH Port&Map& jor ports in India Kandla Kolkata Mumbai JNPT Mormugao Ennore New Mangalore Cochin Chennai Tuticorn Notes: JNPT - Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust MARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS Paradip Vishakapatnam Port Blair updated information, please visit www.ibef.org 6 What&is&fueling&the&growth&of§or?& Strong&growth&potential,& favorable&investment& climate,&and&sops& provided&by&state& governments&have&...
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...| Interaction Lecture | Manoj P | | 02 | Evolution of Logistics and Importance of Supply Chain Management in the Overall Organization Functioning, Inter-functional coordination, | PPT & Case study | | | 03 | Customer Focus in Supply Chain, | Lecture | | | 04 | Supply Chain Logistics Operations, | Industry visit | Avinash K | | 05 | Objectives of purchasing, Purchase strategies, Outsourcing in SCM, Vendor Management and Development | PPT Lecture | | | 06 | Liquid Logistics, Cold Chain Operations. | Class room session | | | 07 | Strategic Issues in Supply Chain Management | Group discussion | Priyanka B | | 08 | Value chain and value delivery system, Inter-corporate cooperation, | PPT lecture | | | 09 | Different Modes of Transportation, Choice for Transportation, | Video lecture | | | 10 | Concept of multi-modal transportation and infrastructure needs | Lecture | | | 11 | Third Party Logistics, Fourth Party Logistics, Distribution Channel Design, Strategic Alliances, Managing Material-, Money-, | Team presentation | Sunder MK | | 12 | Communication-Flows of Supply Chain, Strategic Lead Time Management, Containerization in SCM, | Class room session | | | 13 | Reverse Logistics and Closed-Loop Supply Chain. | PPT lecture | | | 14 | Managing the Supply Chain Performance | Interactive session | Sahil J...
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...markets and a better driver of changing the recent environment (Ramirez-Aleson & Espitia-Escuer, 2001). It is thought as a business or industry that attracts and provides in international economic activities (Peng, 2011). From the views of domestic and international industries, the former competes and collaborates with the foreign entrants, the latter enters an aboard market to get the market share for growing itself up. Peng (2011) argues that International Business includes both international activities and domestic activities. The traditional boundaries of international and domestic business are deliberated blurring, because most of the previously national markets are globalized now. Mention to the current situation about International Business, it is essential to understand what and how International Business is emerged. The variables of why International Business happened have been defined by scholars, first of all, Dunning (2001) believes competitive advantages are quite important to help corporations extend their business. Second, Johnson & Tuner (2003) indicates five drivers of International Business, that are Economy, International governance and regulation, Finance and capital, Communication technology, Social and cultural convergence, etc. Additionally, Huang (2005) and Ashar (2009) argued the improvement of containerization is a support power that accelerates the goods transportation. Furthermore, Paul (2001) points out that not only the former ways, but also...
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...transport systems. According to the Ministry of Shipping, Government of India, approximately 95% of the India’s trade by volume, and 70% by value, is moved through maritime transport. India is among the top 20 leading countries having large number of merchant fleets in the world. The Gross Tonnage (GT) under the Indian flag was 10.1 million GT as of 1.09.2010, with as much as 1029 ships in operation. Ports act as an interface between ocean transport and land transport. India has 12 major ports viz. Kolkata (including Dock complex at Haldia), Paradip, Vishakapatnam, Chennai, Ennore, Tuticorin, Cochin, New Mangalore, Mormugao, Jawaharlal Nehru at Nhava, Mumbai, and Kandla, and 187 minor ports. Despite recessionary conditions, traffic handled at major ports has grown on an average by 5.7% in the year 2009-10, over the year 2008-09. However, ports like Haldia (-20.4%), Ennore (-6.9%) and New Mangalore (-3.2%) are few of the main ports that witnessed negative growth in 2009-10. Nevertheless, most of the ports have not achieved their target for the year 2009-10. Mormugao (8.5%), Tuticorin (8.1%) Mumbai (2%), Kandla (2%), and Paradip (1.8%) were the only ports which achieved their growth target for 2009-10. Haldia (-22.1%) and Ennore (-14%) were the two ports which showed huge variation in traffic compared to the traffic targeted in 2009-10. It has been the endeavour of Government of India to consistently enhance the cargo handling capacity of the major ports keeping...
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...United International UniversitySummer Trimester 2015School of Business and EconomicsCourse: IBS3121_International Business | Case Analysis and Term PaperCase 1Chapter 1Topic 1 | Dell’s Globalization of Business Dell, Inc. the largest direct sale computer vendor in the world, selling servers, desktops, laptops, workstations, printers, monitors, storage solutions, and other computer peripherals. Since its inception in 1984 Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, but with the acquisition in 2009 of Perot Systems, it entered the market for IT services. With a unique business model for computer vendor industry named “build-to-order” or direct sales philosophy, Dell expanded its footprints as one of the most successful global company. Using the most advance technologies with the benefit of globalization, Dell built its competitive advantage as a low cost provider of customized product offerings. To capture the advantage of low cost production, in 1994 Dell enthusiastically moved to the use of Internet to coordinate and control its globally dispersed production system. It was so efficient that now it holds only three days’ worth of inventory at its assembly locations. This advancement in reducing inventory cost to a minimum level was not possible unless company use Microprocessor and Internet. Dell’s Internet-based system records orders for computer equipment as customers submit them via the company’s Web site, then immediately transmits the resulting orders...
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...CHAPTER 12 GLOBAL MARKETING CHANNELS AND PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION SUMMARY A channel of distribution is the network of agencies and institutions that links producers with users. Physical distribution is the movement of goods through channels. Business –to-consumer marketing uses consumer channels; business-to-business marketing employs industrial channels to deliver products to manufacturers or other types of organizations. Peer-to-peer marketing via the Internet is another channel. Distributors and agents are key intermediaries in both channel types. Channel decisions are difficult to manage globally because of the variation in channel structures from country to country. Marketing channels can create place utility, time utility, form utility, and information utility for buyers. The characteristics of customers, products, middlemen, and environment all affect channel design and strategy. Consumer channels may be relatively direct, utilizing direct mail or door-to-door selling, as well as manufacturer-owned stores. A combination of manufacturers' sales force, agents-brokers, and wholesalers may also be used. Global retailing is a growing trend as successful retailers expand around the world in support of growth objectives. Retail operations takes many different forms, including department stores, specialty retailers, supermarkets, convenience stores, discount stores, warehouse clubs, hypermarkets, supercenters, category killers, and outlet malls. Selection, price...
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...indebted to my sincere gratitude to Prof. Sayantani banerjee for his support from the beginning till completion of this study. I extend my sincere gratitude to Ms. SMITHA, finance manager of dilip material equipment, Bommasandra industrial area, Bangalore for giving me the time and information needed for making this assignment successful. SHARATH KUMAR CE 1NZ13MBA35 CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE NUMBER 1 INTRODUCTION 01-05 1.1 Introduction 1.2 statement of the problem 1.3 Need for the study 1.4 Objectives of the study 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 research methodology 1.7 Literature review 1.8 Limitations of the study 2 INDUSTRY AND COMPANY PROFILE 06-20 2.1 Industry profile 2.2 Company profile 2.3 major player in the material handling equipment sector 2.4 company profile 2.5 vision, mission and quality Policy 2.6 background of the company 2.7 products 2.8 organization structure 2.9 SWOT Analysis 3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 3.1 theoretical review 3.2 objectives of working capital 3.3 classification of working capital 3.4 composition of working capital 3.5 working capital cycle 3.6 determinants of working capital 3.7 requirement of fund 3.8 management of working capital 3.9 ratio analysis 21-53 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPREATION 54-65 5 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION 66-76...
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...these trends? U.S. imports become less capital-intensive than U.S. exports. The pattern of international trade is affected by differences in factor endowments rather than differences in productivity. Over time, the United States switches from being an exporter of a product to an importer of the product. The wage rates in the United States decrease. Developing nations fail to upgrade their skill levels to compete with advanced countries. 0.5 points QUESTION 2 1. What is the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy called? International trade Foreign direct investment Globalization Moore's Law Containerization 0.5 points QUESTION 3 1. Capricorn Creative Inc., a U.S.-based advertising firm, was the first in the advertising industry to identify the growth potential of Brazil and to make huge investments in its economy. As a result, the firm was able to build brand loyalty and gain experience in that country's business practices. In the language of business strategy, Capricorn Creative has typically benefited from: a first-mover advantage. forward integration. unrelated differentiation. lateral diversification. technology transfer. 0.5 points QUESTION 4 1. Animax Limited got an order to sell 50,000 central processing units (CPUs) to Palladia, but the Palladian government stipulated that 15 percent of the component parts of those CPUs must be produced in Palladia. This...
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...Impact of Globalization Globalization of Markets: Refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global market place. Falling barriers to cross border market have made it easier to sell internationally. It has been argued for some time that the tastes and preferences of consumers in different nations are beginning to converge in some global norm, thereby helping to create a global market, for example Nike shoes are worn all over the world from Canada to Argentina, and from New York to Tokyo most people know about the brand name and demand that stores carry the brand. I recently visited the country of Colombia and found out that mostly everything that’s available in New York is available there also. I was able to find Rolex watches, Apple computers, Mercedes Benz luxury automobiles and so on. A company does not have to be the size of a multinational in order to participate and benefit from globalization of markets, any small firm can participate in the worldwide trade provided that they get the proper contacts and they do the proper due diligence to make sure they are working with legitimate companies in order to assure themselves to get paid for their goods and services because otherwise it would be very hard to collect on debt from overseas. The most global markets currently are not markets for consumer products, where national differences and tastes are still important enough to act as a brake on globalization. For example...
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...these trends? U.S. imports become less capital-intensive than U.S. exports. The pattern of international trade is affected by differences in factor endowments rather than differences in productivity. Over time, the United States switches from being an exporter of a product to an importer of the product. The wage rates in the United States decrease. Developing nations fail to upgrade their skill levels to compete with advanced countries. 0.5 points QUESTION 2 1. What is the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy called? International trade Foreign direct investment Globalization Moore's Law Containerization 0.5 points QUESTION 3 1. Capricorn Creative Inc., a U.S.-based advertising firm, was the first in the advertising industry to identify the growth potential of Brazil and to make huge investments in its economy. As a result, the firm was able to build brand loyalty and gain experience in that country's business practices. In the language of business strategy, Capricorn Creative has typically benefited from: a first-mover advantage. forward integration. unrelated differentiation. lateral diversification. technology transfer. 0.5 points QUESTION 4 1. Animax Limited got an order to sell 50,000 central processing units (CPUs) to Palladia, but the Palladian government stipulated that 15 percent of the component parts of those CPUs must be produced in Palladia. This...
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...safer route. The third SLOC is the 50-mile long Straits of Sunda, another alternative to Malacca. Because the currents are strong and the depth of the water is limited, deep draft ships do not use these straits. The largest SLOC is the South China Sea. It stretches 1,800 nautical miles from Sumatra to Taiwan and is home to four principal island groups and three major zones of 1 2 This paper was presented at the “Homeland & Maritime Security Asia 2005” International Conference in Singapore on 12 October 2005. Dr S. Narayan is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of South Asian Studies, an autonomous research institute in the National University of Singapore. He is the former Economic Adviser to the Prime Minister of India....
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...Flow of foreign direct investment: The amount of foreign direct investment undertaken over a given time period (normally one year). An example of foreign direct investment would be an American company taking a majority stake in a company in China. Stock of foreign direct investment: The total accumulated value of foreign-owned assets at a given time. For example, French enterprises have been significant foreign investors for McDonald’s; some 1,100 French multinationals account for around 8 percent of the global stock of foreign direct investment Common law system is based on tradition, precedent, and custom. Tradition refers to a country’s legal history, precedent to cases that have come before the courts in the past, and custom to the ways in which laws are applied in specific situations. It differs from a civil law system which is based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes. When law courts interpret civil law, they do so with regard to these codes. Factor endowments are the extent to which a country is endowed with such resources as land, labor, and capital. A simple example of a factor endowment with respect to land would be the presence of natural resources such as oil. Countries with abundant oil tend to export oil, focusing internal resources toward producing the factor they have in quantity. Angola is an extreme example of such specialization: oil accounts for 98% of its exports or for instance, as China's labor force has grown more skilled, wages have risen...
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...1 GLOBALIZATION 2 PART 1 Globalization PART ONE Planet Starbucks T hirty years ago Starbucks was a single store in Seattle’s Pike Place Market selling premium roasted coffee. Today it is a global roaster and retailer of coffee with more than 7,600 retail stores, some 2,000 of which are to be found in 34 countries outside the United States. Starbucks Corporation set out on its current course in the 1980s when the company’s director of marketing, Howard Schultz, came back from a trip to Italy enchanted with the Italian coffeehouse experience. Schultz, who later became CEO, persuaded the company’s owners to experiment with the coffeehouse format—and the Starbucks experience was born. The basic strategy was to sell the company’s own premium roasted coffee, along with freshly brewed espresso-style coffee beverages, a variety of pastries, coffee accessories, teas, and other products, in a tastefully designed coffeehouse setting. The company also stressed providing superior customer service. Reasoning that motivated employees provide the best customer service, Starbucks executives devoted much attention to employee hiring and training programs and progressive compensation policies that gave even part-time employees stock option grants and medical benefits. The formula met with spectacular success in the United States, where Starbucks went from obscurity to one of the best known brands in the country in a decade. In 1995, with almost 700 stores across the United States...
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...3PL Services in India: Challenges, Opportunities and Recommendations - A Study at IIFT Contents 3PL Services in India: Challenges, Opportunities and Recommendations - A Study at IIFT ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 Discussion Point 1: Definition of 3PL and its Evolution.................................................... 3 Discussion Point 2: Elaboration of the reasons for choosing 3PL. What is meant by value added services? ................................................................................................................... 4 Discussion Point 3: What are the salient findings from the literature? ............................. 5 What is lean supply chain? ................................................................................................. 5 Discussion Point 4: Discuss the functions of 3PL. ............................................................. 6 What services are provided globally (reference to additional literature)? ........................ 6 An Overview of the Logistics Sector in India .................................................................... 7 Discussion point...
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