...Chapter 10, "Biomedical Research, Health Services Technology, and Technology Assessment" * Chapters 11, "Overview of the U.S. Health Services Delivery System" * Chapter 13, "Primary Care" * Chapter 14, "Secondary Care" * Chapter 15, "Long-Term Care" (pp. 349–369 only) * Chapter 16, "Tertiary Care" * Chapter 17, "Palliative Care" * Chapter 18, "The Care of Special Populations and Special Disorders" (pp. 399–406 only) * Chapter 19, "The Health Services Delivery System: How Managed Care Has Influenced Delivery" (Note: This chapter was assigned in a previous week; review it as needed with this week's focus in mind.) * Article: The Scan Foundation (2011). Improving the continuum of care: Progress on selected provisions of the affordable care act one year post-passage. http://www.thescanfoundation.org/improving-continuum-care-progress-selected-provisions-affordable-care-act-one-year-post-passage As you have learned, health care services are provided through a range of organizations. For this Discussion, you will consider how direct- and indirect-care organizations integrate by examining your own experiences as a health care consumer. Begin by brainstorming all the health care organizations that have helped to meet your health care needs within the last few months to one year. Consider the settings and providers you have visited, as well as how and when you have decided to utilize their services. Think about referrals and...
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...Title: Application of Cognitive Continuum theory to decision making by nurse managers Student Name: Institutional Affiliation: 10th October, 2014 Introduction Decision making may in this case be expressed as a route of selecting an alternative that is more likely to facilitate the achievement of organizational or individual goals (Bjork & Hamilton, 2011). The nursing practice has moved towards full evidence-based implementation of care which as a result enhanced the call for proper creation of decision within nursing. However, numerous nursing theories have been developed to support increased rational analysis and decision making in the nursing practice. The theory of cognitive continuum is in this case a vivid middle-range theory developed Hammond. The theory basically shows how judgment situations are linked to cognition. Additionally, six of the decision making modes which are based on the cognition and judgment, are described in the theory (Custers, 2013). The cognitive continue part of the theory shifts from suspicion to examination whereas the judgment varies from worse-planned to well-planned (Dhami & Thomson, 2012). Indeed, this study seeks to launch how the theory of cognitive continuum strategy may be useful in helping nurse managers make critical decisions. The paper includes the following sections: statement of the nurse manager decision making issue; and description of how the theory of cognitive continuum theory may be employed to determine the issue...
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...technology along a continuum to “to develop or restore functional independence and quality of life to a standard that meets the client’s desired goals”. Finfer and Cohen (2001) ascribe that Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are the leading cause of death in young adults in Western counties and contribute to the disability and death internationally at the rate of 15% which is predicted to rise to 20% by 2020. In Ireland, it is estimated that there are 34,890 people of working age and 80,000 individuals in the general population living with TBI related impairment or disability (O’Connell, 2010). TBI...
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...Promotion In nursing care prevention means to anticipate actions directed in order to prevent illness and promote health to reduce the need for secondary or tertiary health care. This consists of all measures that limit the disease progression. The three levels that are addressed are primary, secondary and tertiary. Each is greatly important because nurses are involved in all of the three levels of health promotion ( Edelman, C.8th Ed) . Although the levels of health promotion operate on a continuum, there are some points where they may overlap. Primary Health Promotion Primary health promotion precedes any type of disease or dysfunction of the client. At this stage the concern is education, therapeutic treatments, and behaviors that heighten health. It is important to identify factors that affect homeostasis. At this stage it is important to make the client aware of ways to improve health and optimize the levels of health. Maintenance of the client at this stage of the health promotion decreases the hazards of acquiring chronic diseases (Edelman, C. 8th ed.). Secondary Health Promotion Secondary health promotions can consist of screening activities for the client. This is important because if the disease is identified at this point it is easier to control it. This is also a prime opportunity to diagnosis and treats nutritional and behavioral problems. It also encompasses treating clients for the early stages of a disease process, as well as limiting the disability...
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...Health Promotion In Nursing Practice As health care evolves and changes, the roles of nurses in health promotion and prevention have expanded greatly. The goal is to prevent disease from occurring rather than taking a reactive position of treating the client once disease has already occurred. Health defined by Edelman and Mandle is a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that allows a person to reach their individual potential for optimal health (Edelman & Mandle, n.d.). In order to reach these goals, levels of prevention have been defined and nurses take an active role in the implementation of positive changes in clients’ lifestyle. On each level of the health promotion continuum, the nurse has to keep in mind the clients’ cultural and educational background to develop mutually agreed- upon goals. “Primary care providers, including nurse practitioners and other advanced practice nurses, now attempt to involve individuals and their families in the delivery of care, teaching individuals about individual responsibilities and lifestyle choices has become an important part of their job”(Edelman & Mandle, p. 9). These positive changes improve the quality of the clients’ and families lives. The three- levels of health care promotion are primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. All of these levels fall under the wellness continuum. The purpose of this paper is to compare these three levels of health care promotion and give example of how each can...
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...The purpose of this paper is to submit a case study of a single parent facing health choices with limited resources and apply the Health Psychology four key frameworks. Fatima is the young mother who is making the choice to first feed her family and in the process is not addressing her own health symptoms that may put her at risk for serious consequences. In this paper we will look at options in her decision making that may improve both her health and her children’s and improve the family health future. The strategies will be developed from the text of Dr. Jane Ogden in The Psychology of Health and Illness and the Dr. Robert M Kaplan, “Health Psychology: Where Are We And Where Do We Go From Here?” and with the insightful work by Dr. Gabor Mate in When the Body Says NO: Exploring the Stress-Disease Connection Fatima and Health Challenges of a Single Parent...
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...Basic concepts in nursing science School of Nursing Medical University March, 2005 Introduction 1. Definition of nursing science 2. Four basic concepts that affect and determine the nursing practice (1) Human being (2) Environment (3) Health (4) Nursing Human being 1. The human being is a uniform whole （entirety） (1) Concept of a whole (2) The uniform whole of human being 1) Physiological 2) Psychological 3) Social 4) Spiritual 5) Cultural 3. The human being is an open system (open whole) (1) Close system (2) Open system 4. The scope of human being in nursing (1) Individual (2) Family (3) Community (4) Society Basic goal of human being: To maintain the balance of organism 1) Balance among subsystems of an organism 2) Balance between organism and its environment (internal environment and external environment) 2. Basic need of human being (1) Definition of basic need 1) Need 2) Basic need of human being (2) Types of basic need 1) Physiological need 2) Social need 3) Affective need 4) Cognitive need 5) Spiritual need (3) Characteristics of basic need 1) Approximately same basic need 2) The importance of each need for each person is different 3) All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive (4) Factors that affect meeting needs ...
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...Models University of Phoenix Leadership Models Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs an organization or project in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent (Rost, 1993). Leadership is also a collaborative endeavor among individuals, making it a relationship. The coursework of a Bachelor of Science in Healthcare Administration prepares students for such roles. Identifying managerial leadership models and theories that can enhance and promote the delivery of healthcare services across the continuum of care is extremely important, and this will be the primary focus of this paper. One of the advantages of working in a medical facility while earning a BS in healthcare administration is that the student is able to witness many scenarios which are discussed and learned within the classroom setting. For example, in the leadership and development class, questions would arise regarding a particular management style and how individuals seemed unqualified for the position. Is it his or her style or personality that people question? This question would also come up from time to time during class discussion, and a question this writer often reflected on. As individuals grow into a leadership position, they learn his or her individual style with the ultimate goal of enhancing, promoting and delivering healthcare services across the continuum of care. Being a good leader requires an individual to create an atmosphere...
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...helping people attain these rights. What and Why of Health Promotion? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as “a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1998, p. 1). Health promotion is the process of empowering people to expand control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion is an encompassing process- it is social, it is political, it is economical, it is ever-changing. It not only embodies measures focused on strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals to attain their inalienable right to attain optimal health, but it is also directed towards changing global perspective as well. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over the factors of health, thereby improving their health (WHO, p. 1). Nursing Roles and Responsibilities Involvement is essential to sustain health promotion action. Nurses need to acknowledge the essential role they play in health promotion. Nursing is evolving alongside the changes in health care. Health care’s focus has changed from acute care in hospitals to preventative care in communities. Health care professionals must collaborate with one another to help meet these changes. These changes in healthcare require the nurse to have a greater...
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...Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models The Speech Hello, my fello nurses. Thank you for being here at the Summit of Nursing Evolution. My name is Chhay Yann-Ly and I am a nurse. We are living in an era where the United States (US) health care system is going through tremendous changes and challenges, with sky-rocketing health care costs, fragmented and poor quality of care, high volume of aging population, and passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in 2010. A summary of the PPACA is basically to improve the health care delivery system, expand coverage, and control cost (Democratics Senate Gov/Reform, n. d.). With these changes, comes the evolutionary nursing professional transformation process. This speech is a crash course on the evolving practice of nursing and patient care delivery models. The goal of this speech is to discuss the continuity or continuum of care in relation to accountable care organizations, medical homes, and nurse-managed clinics health care models. Since nursing is the backbone of health care, all of these care delivery models require a robust nursing contribution for success (American Nurses Association (ANA), 2010). The first model is the accountable care organizations (ACO). ACOs is a “shared savings” with Medicare (part A & B). The ACO, according to the ANA (2010), is “a collaboration among primary care clinicians, a hospital, specialists and other health professionals who accept joint responsibility...
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...practices reflecting the following principles: Juvenile justice systems must have the flexibility to meet the needs of the broad range of children and youth served, from the most violent youth to those children who are victims of abuse and neglect. The judicial process, treatment and authority vested must be responsive to the needs of children and youth and to protecting society. For many years studies have shown that child abuse and neglect are predictive of delinquent behavior and adult crime. Moreover, general societal attitudes of intolerance of differences and glorification of violence contribute to these same behaviors. These root causes must be addressed through appropriate intervention throughout the juvenile justice process as well as through changes at the community level. Therefore: 1. The juvenile justice system must offer a continuum of services which includes the appropriate resources to meet the needs of children and youth who are victims and/or offenders. Such a continuum should offer a range of services from prevention and early intervention to remedial and extended care and custody while recognizing the importance of partnerships with other systems of service delivery. The priority of this continuum should be, whenever possible, to eliminate the risk of delinquent behavior through primary prevention. 2. Coercive intervention and remedial services should follow the least restrictive principle by offering varying levels of supervision and custodial...
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... One draw of the field of nursing is the ability for nurses to individualize their care plans for their patients. In order to ensure that unique patients are able to get healthy, they need nursing care plans as unique as they are. This means assessment and evaluation of each patient before and during care. Nancy Roper's desire to become a nurse started in childhood, and as a result of her experiences and education, she, along with two of her colleagues, developed the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing to assess patients' level of independence and provide the best individualized care for them. COMPONENTS/CONCEPTS OF THE MODEL Living is a complex process which we undertake using a number of activities that ensure our survival. The current model seeks to define 'what living means, and categorizes these discoveries into Activities of Daily Living (ADL). According to Roper, in a given circumstance, people are able to perform daily activities of living independently but when disease or hindrances occur, the nurse can use these activities of living to be able to assess the patient and identify interventions that can support independence in areas that may prove difficult or impossible for the individual on their own. The model assesses the individual's relative independence and potential for independence in ADLs,(considering their lifespan, development, and the five key factors on a continuum ranging from complete dependence to complete independence) in order to determine what...
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...general health needs. An integrated healthcare system should be able to match the services required and must have the capacity to take care of the population’s requirements and the care offered must be coordinated and integrated across the continuum. It should have a management information system good enough to link its patients, the providers and payers across the whole system. An integrated healthcare system should be able use financial incentives and the organization’s structures to support day to day running, physicians in the network and other caregivers so as to meet the goals of the organization. Care provided must be continuously improved and the integrate network should be willing to work with others in the region to make sure that the community’s health objectives are fulfilled in continuum of care. Cost effective measures that still fulfill good patient care must be used because one of the main objectives of the integrated care system is providing care in the lowest cost setting, Gapenski 2012 (p.15). The success of integrated health systems is also dependent on a well-organized performance management system that includes quality management indicators to measure outcomes at all levels. There should be standardized care that should be delivered by multi-discipline professional teams so as to promote continuity of the care process. It is also important that an integrated health system provides geographic coverage that will...
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...necessity for long-term care is increasing which will require additional training and education for health care personnel, family members, and patients. Family members can have peace of mind knowing their family member will gain confidence in learning how to become accustomed to his or her new life while maintaining a quality continuum of care during and after treatment for physical, mental, or age associated illnesses. Long-term care is also known as personal assistant services and is defined as an individual who requires health care assistance for more than 90 days. Personal assistants provided to a patient help them with the activities of daily living (ADL) as well as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). These activities may include personal care services like bathing, doing household chores, and other activities to help the patient remain independent while still residing in or near his or her home while maintaining the quality of care the person is accustomed to if there are no medical hindrances preventing it. Long-term care also includes community services, such as meals, adult day service programs, and transportation services (Austin & Wetle, "The long term care continuum, Who needs long-term care?," 2012). Residential facilities, such as skilled nursing facilities and assisted living facilities, also provide long-term care services along with housing ("National Clearinghouse For Long Term Care Information,” n.d.). Continuum of care services are utilized...
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...centers and resources are more available thru the health care arena than ever before. I believe this new improved way of thinking will grow even further with the assistance of healthcare providers leading the way. In turn it will enrich the lively hood of many .It will expand a societies lifespan. People will grow into their later years of life more educated and more empowered in their health and its wellbeing. It is the responsibility of the healthcare professional, political legislation, the school teacher, the pastor in short everyone must have sense of responsibility to be the overseerers of health promotion. The process start with the foundation of nursing leading the way, along with other health care organizations laying the path of promoting health wellness to a brighter healthier society . Over the years healthcare has taken a tremendous change on how the delivery of care is delivered to both the individual and society. The best practice of care focuses on the prevention of disease and the idea of wellness. Compared to earlier years the disease and alleviating the symptoms and eradicating the disease was the primary focus of care. AS time went forth alternative ways of thinking was incorporated in the health care arena. The focus was geared to health promotion to assist with an individual and society with enriching ones quality of life. The world organization states” health promotion is defined as the process...
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