...Lembaga Tabung Haji has 50 years of experience in terms of deposits, pilgrim services and operations, as well as investments. This many years of experience has strengthened its reputation in the country and proves that it is a very successful institution. Lembaga Tabung Haji has been striving for the economic empowerment of Muslims in Malaysia to leverage existing funds and resources. As a means to contribute towards the development of Malaysia’s economic sector, Lembaga Tabung Haji continues to strengthen its position in the market, both domestically and internationally. Lembaga Tabung Haji has successfully expanded its investment activities to include various economic sectors, such as, commercial, industrial, and plantation (Islamic Research and Training Institute Islamic Development...
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... 2013 www.iiste.org An Evaluation and Forecast of the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria’s Agriculture Sector in A VAR Environment Ayodeji Adetunji Idowu* Liu Ying Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province · 430070 · P.R. China * E-mail of the corresponding author: ayodeji.idowu@hotmail.com The research is financed by project (NCET-12-0868) New Century Excellent Talents and Project (2013PY017). Abstract This study evaluated and forecasted the impact of FDI in the agricultural sector from 1980-2007, specifically its impact on agricultural output and labor in a Vector Auto Regression (VAR) environment. Data used in this study were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin (2009). Results from the analysis revealed that FDI in the period under review had no significant impact on agricultural output. In addition, results of the forecast estimates showed that the current volume of FDI would not significantly affect agricultural output but will have significant positive impact on labor (employment generation). This study recommended for increase in the volume of FDI and advised government and other stakeholders to seek FDI that will improve existing or introduce new technology in the agricultural sector and enhance domestic capacity or domestic investment, even if the opportunity cost of a reduction in labor may have to be paid. Keywords: Agriculture; FDI; Nigeria; SAP; VAR. 1. Introduction...
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...resources must be taken by unamious Council decisions. This means that it is the member states that make the decisions and each member state has a veto over any proposed modification of the system. The historical basis of this system was the Luxembourg agreement of 1970. Customs and Agricultural Levies Customs duties are taxes on imports which are levied at the external borders of the Union. The first common customs rates were already determined 2 years earlier than planned, in 1968. In the Treaty of Rome customs duties were considered as the primary source of finance for the expenditure of the European Economic Community. Agricultural levies were instituted in 1962 and then transferred to the Community on 21 April 1970. These taxes used to vary according to the price on the global and European markets. Since the multilateral trade agreements of the Uruguay Round have become part of the Community law, there is no distinction made between agricultural levies and customs duties. Levies on sugar are a little bit different in nature as they affect sugar-producing enterprises. These firms have to pay a production levy to cover the cost of supporting the market as well as a storage contribution that serves to ensure regular sales. VAT, GNI and other receipts Value Added Tax (VAT) had to be established as a source of financing by the Decision of 21 April 1970 because the traditional own resources were...
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...Draft Proposal on Impact Assessment of Urban Agriculture Research and Development in Nairobi By William Omoto Department of Research Development Nairobi Kenya 1. INTRODUCTION Background Kenya’s leading development challenges today include alleviation of poverty and environmental management in the context of rapid population growth and urbanization. Kenya’s population was 28.6 million people in 1999 and is expected to reach 43 million in the year 2020. According to the government statistics, the national level of absolute poverty increased from 44% in 1992 to 56% in 2002 (GoK 2002). Nairobi has registered the highest rate of urbanization (4.5%) with a population of 2.2m in 2000 projected to reach 3.2m in the year 2010. About 50% of people in Nairobi live below the absolute poverty line of Ksh. 2 648. As the urbanization trend continues, urban environments are deteriorating. Most of the urban poor are concentrated in the informal settlements where there are no infrastructure and services to address environmental problems and are engaged in urban agriculture. One of the biggest policy challenges today is the inclusion of environmental policy into urban policy. UPA can be an integral part of a set of policies for sustainable urban environmental management. Urban AF can play an especially vital role in waste management by transforming waste into food and fuel. Waste management approaches in place include waste collecting, sorting, treatment and recycling...
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...amongst which the copyright, on the materials described in this document rest with the Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV (“VITO”), Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol, Register of Legal Entities VAT BE 0244.195.916. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________ 3 List of Figures ___________________________________________________________________ 4 List of Tables ____________________________________________________________________ 5 CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. Introduction ________________________________________________________ 7 Definition of goal and scope ___________________________________________ 9 9 9 10 Introduction Goal definition Scope definition CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 4.1. Life cycle data inventory _____________________________________________ 15 life cycle impact assessment __________________________________________ 19 19 LCIA methodology 4.2. Environmental profiles of starch products 20 4.2.1. Environmental profile of native starches _________________________________ 20 4.2.2. Environmental profile of liquid glucose (including Glucose and Fructose syrups) __ 20 4.3. Carbon uptake 21 4.4. sensitivity analyses 22 4.4.1. sensitivity analysis for electricity _______________________________________ 22 4.4.2. sensitivity analysis for agricultural data __________________________________ 22 4.4.3. sensitivity analysis for infrastructure ____________________________________...
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...Human Capital Needs in Agriculture and Allied Sectors - Policy Options National Academy of Agriculture Research Management (NAARM, Hyderabad) and Institute of Applied Manpower Research (IAMR, New Delhi) The Backdrop Agriculture sector is the mainstay of Indian economy ensuring food security and providing livelihood to millions involved either directly or indirectly with this sector. This sector has a strong mutually beneficial interface with the industry sector. Notwithstanding its declining share in country’s GDP, agriculture continues, and will continue to be the key to nation’s growth and development. Over the years Indian agriculture had made tremendous progress which, in a large measure, is directly or indirectly, due to the contributions of agricultural science and technology, and development of human skills to take advantage of the technology, be it through development of improved seed and planting material, plant protection, irrigation and soil conservation measures, mechanization and other productive agricultural practices as well as in putting on ground a massive infrastructure for extension work and transfer of technology to the farmers. In recent times, however, the pattern of agricultural growth has become somewhat erratic. The challenges that Indian agriculture faces today because of factors like shrinkage of available land, decline in soil quality and response to inputs, inadequate and uneven penetration of technology and skills, and above all...
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...situation with alternative arrangements. Contents 1 Introduction and summary 2 2 Cost-benefit analyses of EU membership 5 3 The effect of the EU on UK trade relations 6 4 Impact of immigration from the EU 16 5 The impact of EU regulation 20 6 Fiscal consequences of EU membership – the EU budget 23 7 The EU’s effect on consumer prices 28 8 Foreign direct investment (FDI) 30 Appendix table: a comparison of the EU with alternative trading arrangements 32 Boxes Would independence over trade policy lead to better results? 15 The EU budget – winners and losers 27 Trade barriers and economic efficiency 29 Related Library briefings Leaving the EU, Research Paper RP13/42 In brief: UK-EU economic relations, Standard Note SN6091 Norway’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6522 Switzerland’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6090 The UK and Europe: time for a new relationship?, Standard Note SN6393 1 Introduction and summary 1.1 Understanding the economic impact of EU membership EU membership influences the UK economy in a number of ways. The most important effects arise through the Single Market, the programme of economic integration through which the EU’s ‘four freedoms’1 are guaranteed. But the economic impact of the EU is felt in other areas of its policy, too. The EU has exclusive competence to negotiate trade and investment agreements with countries...
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...export value of $5.5 billion in 2010-2011 and is therewith the most valuable grain crop for Australia (ABARES 2011). To remain competitive as a wheat exporter in future, improving wheat yields seems imperative, hence improving the understanding of physiological processes during different plant-growth phases, may help to find and select specific factors that limit grain yield and ultimately help to breed better performing cultivars (Richards 1996). One area of research is dedicated to the better understanding of the limits of sources (plant organs such as leaves that produce and export photosynthates) and sinks (all plant parts such as roots or seeds that mostly store those photosynthates) after anthesis or during grain filling (Bingham et al. 2009; Fischer et al. 1977). Grain filling is a complex process involving formation, translocation, partitioning and accumulation of photosynthates in interaction with the sink-source capacities and preferences under different environments and growth stages (Felekari et al. 2014). Past research indicated that the wheat grain as a sink is limited by the capacity of its sources during grain filling (Ma et al. 1990; Alam et al. 2008), however data had a high variance reflecting the different genotypes used and the diversity of experimental techniques and the wide spectrum of conditions these studies have been undertaken (Bowring 2010). Although the harvest index (ratio of yield to total above ground biomass) has increased over the years due to plant breeding...
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...MACRO ECONOMICS - Prof. POOJA MISHRA AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN INDIA GROUP DETAILS Aashish Kumar Arya 13DM003 Akanksha Khar 13DM017 Abhay Goyal 13DM006 Akash Jain 13DM019 Abhishek Surendra Rane 13DM008 Ankit Saraff 13DM029 INDIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY India accounts for only about 2.4 % of the world’s geographical area and 4 % of its water resources, but manages about 17 % of the world’s human population and 15 % of the livestock. Agriculture is a critical sector of the Indian economy. Though its contribution to the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country has fallen from about 30 % in 1990-91 to less than 15 % in 2011-12, a trend that is expected in the development process of any economy, agriculture yet forms the backbone of development. An average Indian still spends almost half of his/her total expenditure on food, while roughly half of India’s work force is still engaged in agriculture for its livelihood. Being both a source of livelihood and food security for a vast majority of low income, poor and vulnerable sections of society, its performance assumes greater significance in view of the proposed National Food Security Bill and the ongoing Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme. Accelerating the growth of agriculture production is therefore necessary not only to achieve an overall GDP target of 8 % during the 12th Plan and meet the rising demand for food, but also to increase incomes of those dependent...
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...economic growth narrative 5 2 The Challenges of Africa’s Agricultural Sector 8 2.1 Issues surrounding Land Tenure and concomitant effects 8 2.2 Low diffusion and absorption of technology 11 3 The Role of Smallholder Farming for Africa’s Economic Growth – Evidence of an Emerging Consensus 13 4 Smallholder Farming Success Narratives 15 4.1 Botswana: Competitiveness of beef smallholder farmers 15 4.2 Ethiopia: Commercialisation of small scale farmers of grain 16 5 Conclusion and Recommendations 17 References 20 Agriculture and its role in inclusive growth in Africa 1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to consider the position of agriculture in Africa, and the potential that it has for improving the lives of the majority of those living on the continent. The report starts off with defining inclusive growth, and highlights how agriculture can contribute towards this phenomena as a consideration. It then talks to agricultural concepts and considerations in the African context, and attempts to identify African specific challenges and provide workable solutions. The paper also reflects on an emerging consensus advocating for the promotion of the productivity of smallholder farmers which is believed could drive economic growth for a broader base of the African population. A key consideration of this report is that in Africa, a majority of Africans live in a rural setting, participate in agricultural activities, especially women, and to address issues of...
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...agrarian economy. It is the single largest producing sector of the economy of Bangladesh. Most of the Bangladeshi people are involved with agricultural activities. They earn their living by doing such activities. It includes about 30% of the country’s GDP. Near about 60% people of our country are involved with agricultural activities which prove that a large amount of labor force is doing such activities. It has a great impact on some major objectives, such as- employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security. Agricultural holdings in Bangladesh are generally small. Through Cooperatives the use of modern machinery is gradually gaining popularity. Rice, Jute, Sugarcane, Potato, Pulses, Wheat, Tea and Tobacco are the principal crops. The crop sub-sector dominates the agriculture sector contributing about 72% of total production. Fisheries, livestock and forestry sub-sectors are 10.33%, 10.11% and 7.33% respectively. For a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved stable increases in food grain production in spite of the often hostile weather conditions. It contains better flood control and irrigation. Agricultural product of Bangladesh: Rice is the staple food of Bangladesh. The production of rice can be harvested 2 or 3 times a year. Wheat is also a valuable agricultural product of our country. However due to weather conditions the production of rice and wheat fluctuate very much. For this reason Bangladesh...
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...improve the contribution of the agriculture sector in Malaysia Lecturer: Dr. V.G.R. Chandran Govindaraju Group Members: EGA 140020 Lu Tianyue EGA 140022 Zhang Xin EXGA 6112 The Malaysian Economy -- Assignment 1 Malaysia Agriculture Group: EGA 140020 Lu Tianyue EGA 140022 Zhang Xin Malaysia's agriculture is an important part of Malaysia's economic growth. According to World Bank data shows that in 2014 agriculture accounted for 9.3 percent of Malaysia Malaysia's GDP, (industry: 34.7% and services: 56%), however, the number of farmers 16 percent of the total population. Malaysia's environment is suitable for the development of farming, according to the World Bank and the Wikipedia data below Malaysia cultivated land(km2) is 75,567 and cultivated land（％）is 23.0. We need rational use and development of property nature gives us. Increase in production at the same time to expand cultivation. Malaysian agricultural probably with two parts, namely, enterprise and personal. Personalized part account for about 75 percent of the entire agricultural sector. Personalized relatively entrepreneurial farmer is less commercialization and lack of effective management. According to the data show the age of farmers aging in the region, more than 45 years of age accounted for 70% of farmers. Farmer’s age Persentage 45 years old 70% Malaysia should reduce unnecessary imports of agricultural products; increase the total value of agricultural production to...
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...Scenario of Agriculture in India Agriculture in India is a major economic sector and it creates plenty of employment opportunities as well. India agriculture has an extensive background which goes back to 10 thousand years. At present, in terms of agricultural production, the country holds the second position all over the world. In 2007, agriculture and other associated industries such as lumbering and forestry represented around 16.6% of the Gross Domestic Product of the country. In addition, the sector recruited about 52% of the entire manpower. Regardless of the fact that there has been a gradual slump in its contribution to the gross domestic product of the country, India agriculture is currently the biggest industry in India. On the whole, it has a key role in the socioeconomic growth of the country. In terms of agricultural contribution, the following states in India are the most developed states: • Punjab • Uttar Pradesh • Madhya Pradesh • Haryana • Bihar • Andhra Pradesh • Maharashtra • West Bengal All these states play a key role in the agrarian development of India. The total arable territory in India is 1,269,219 km2, which represents about 56.78% of the overall land zone of the country. Arable land in India is diminishing because of continuous strain from an ever-increasing number of inhabitants and growing urbanization. The overall water surface area of the country is 31440 km2 and the country experiences a mean yearly...
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...Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of UN Women Women are the backbone of the development of rural and national economies. They comprise 43% of the world’s agricultural labor force, which rises to 70% in some countries. In Africa, 80% of the agricultural production comes from small farmers, who are mostly rural women. Women comprise the largest percentage of the workforce in the agricultural sector, but do not have access and control over all land and productive resources. During the last ten years, many African countries have adopted new land laws in order to strengthen women’s land ownership rights. This has helped improve the situation of rural women. To this effect, the lack of appreciation of the role of rural women in agriculture is harmful and gives rise to a lack of specific policies, policies which are misdirected, high levels of poverty, illiteracy and non-involvement in the design and planning of programs and policies, which involves a process of mutual learning that reflects the real and specific needs of rural women. Despite the important roles they play in agricultural economies, rural women in Africa suffer from the highest illiteracy rates and are the most visible face of poverty. Women guarantee livelihoods, especially in rural areas. As a result of their great efforts in agricultural production, women’s production helps to guarantee their self-sustenance. This is still not enough, however,...
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...nutrition and health in the process of economic development since it is well recognized that low levels of health and nutrition as measured for example by caloric intake ,body size ,illness and mortality etc. Developing nations need good nutrition, health and productive agriculture to alleviate poverty because, lowered production by agricultural workers due to poor nutrition and health which affects their income and further deepens the incidence, depth and severity of poverty and ill health (IFPRI, 2007). Attention to both agricultural households’...
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