...Dealing with and coping with death and dying is something that occurs every day all around the world. How a person and a culture copes with or deals with a death is a different story. Different cultures have different rituals when it comes to death, and they are greatly influenced by religion ((Lobar, Youngblut, Brooten, 2006). As nurses, it is important to understand and respect these different cultures as well as religions in order for the care provided to be the best that it can possibly be. Judaism, Islam, and Hinduism provide contrasting beliefs and rituals as to when a loved one dies. These religions/cultures, as well as all of the others, have 5 main concepts in common: symbols, community, ritual action, heritage, and transition...
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...older and one step closer to death. Biological, psychological, social and cultural factors can all affect the capacity for coping with death. Fry states that death is considered a natural part of life that disrupts life’s plans and can cause immense pain (1990). Often in religious communities death is welcomed as a better place than being here on earth. Individuals are encouraged to accept that death is a natural part of life and offer coping mechanisms to grieve. Younger individuals tend to see death as being far off into the future whereas an individual in late adulthood is experiencing the thought of death on a daily basis. As a young adult we live life in the fast lane and take many things for granted. Illness and disease can also affect how the aged cope with death. Suffering from cancer, heart disease and other serious disease can cause extreme fear of dying. If he or she is biologically unstable dealing with death may lead to an unhealthy acceptance of death or lead to one taking part in dangerous and risky behaviors. Ineffective coping skills can lead to emotions of depression, fatal illness and suicide. When death is sudden or unexpected people are not allowed the time to prepare mentally and can lead to feelings of loss and confusion. Losing a friend, spouse or loved due to murder, accident or war can make the process of grieving hard and difficult to accept. A death that is prolonged can also affect how an older adult copes with death and how close the adult was to...
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...Death Anxiety and Coping Strategies about Death among Elderly Death Anxiety Scale Name: _________________________________________________________________ Age:___________ Male:____ Female:_________ Direction: Please read the following Statements and then circle the number of the response that best describes how you feel about the item as follow: 1. Strongly Disagree 2. Disagree 3. Agree 4. Strongly Agree 1. Death should be viewed as natural undeniable and un avoidance event. 1. 2. 3, 4. 2. Death is simply part of process of life. 3.The thoughts of death near bothers me 4.Death is neither good or bad. 5.I would rather welcome death nor afraid it. 6.Death will bring end to all my troubles. 7.Death provide an escape from the terrible world. 8.Death is deliverance from pain and suffering. 9.I see death as a relief from the burden of the life. 10.The prospect of my own death arouse anxiety in me. 11. Death means terrible loneliness. 12. I get depress when I think about death. 13.Hearng the word death makes me sad. 14. Death is painful 15.I am very much afraid to die. 16.Passing the cemeteries makes me sad. 17.The sight of dead body is horrifying me. 18.It doesn't make me nervous when people talk about...
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...Death Studies, 36: 1–22, 2012 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0748-1187 print=1091-7683 online DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2011.553312 BEREAVEMENT EXPERIENCES OF MOTHERS AND FATHERS OVER TIME AFTER THE DEATH OF A CHILD DUE TO CANCER RIFAT ALAM Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada MARU BARRERA Department of Psychology, Haematology=Oncology Program, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada NORMA D’AGOSTINO Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada DAVID B. NICHOLAS Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada GERALD SCHNEIDERMAN Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada The authors investigated longitudinally bereavement in mothers and fathers whose children died of cancer. Thirty-one parents were interviewed 6 and 18 months post-death. Analyses revealed parental differences and changes over time: (a) employment—fathers were more work-focused; (b) grief reactions—mothers expressed more intense grief reactions that lessened over time; (c) coping—mothers were more child-focused, fathers more task-focused; (d) relationship with bereaved siblings—mothers actively nurtured relationship with child;...
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...Agony and grief are nearly all difficult emotions humans deal with. There are numerous coping mechanisms, almost all healthy. Nevertheless, for some, healthy coping mechanisms are not a possibility. Tim O’Brien’s the Things They Carried is a novel which shows the emotions Tim O’Brien would undergo through his time throughout the war. Men can deal with uncertainty, anxiety, and death around them in impudent and horrifying ways. When Ted Lavender dies, Cross leads his soldiers into the village of Than Khe to scorch, pillage, and murder everyman they discern, Ted would deal with anxiety by abusing drugs, and Rat would deal with the death of Lemon by shooting a water buffalo 'til it was dead. Firstly, when Ted Lavender is shot in the head while taking a leak when one of the soldiers is searching a hole for Vietcong. Jimmy cross deals with Ted’s death by leading his men to a village named Than Khe where they “burned everything” (O’Brien, 15) and slaughtered everything in sight. The soldiers didn’t falter after being ordered to cause this cruel unhuman act of murder, subsequently the soldiers wanted to kill as it would also help them deal with his death....
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...------------------------------------------------- Stress and Coping This paper defines the theory of stress and coping and applies it to multiple scenarios. Also included are ways the process can be expanded to include those that cannot cope. ------------------------------------------------- Stress and Coping This paper defines the theory of stress and coping and applies it to multiple scenarios. Also included are ways the process can be expanded to include those that cannot cope. Psy. 320 Psy. 320 Stress and Coping The theory chosen for this paper was the stress and coping theory created by Lazarus. Lazarus stated that stress is directly linked to coping. An explanation of the stress and coping theory will be given followed by two real life scenarios. These scenarios will be analyzed for both how they are applicable to this theory and how they are not. These scenarios will be further explored to assess the need to develop and create new theoretical models of motivation in today’s changing work environment, and what the ramification may be for failing to do so. The theory behind stress and coping is one that can be explained better with a series of chained events used to illustrate the process of coping. First there is an influencing factor. This can be personal or situational. This is followed by a primary appraisal. The primary appraisal is how a person deems the situation harmful or harmless. If a person deems the situation as harmless...
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...review explores what grief is, its processes, the different impacts loss and grief have on the workplace, and the various ways to cope up with the grieving process – from the bereaved, co-workers, and employer’s perspective. Introduction People can experience personal and professional losses from many different sources. Losses can result from a death or any significant life-changing event such as job loss, relationship loss, loss of home, the diagnosis of a life-threatening disease and other more private losses like experiencing a miscarriage (Dr. Kristi Dyer, 2009). Understandably, grief, the response to these losses, can and most often does follow employees and employers alike into the workplace, affecting people's work performance on several different levels (Dr. Kristi Dyer, 2009). What is Grief and it’s Process? Grief is a natural painful response to loss. It’s the emotional suffering an individual feels when something or someone he loves is taken away. Like all other emotions it can be unpredictable and usually incorporates sadness, fear, and guilt after any particular loss. If someone associates grief with the death of a loved one, this type of loss often causes the most intense grief that incorporates unbearable pain to the bereaved individual (Melinda & Jeanne, 2012). Moreover, grief is experienced from the moment we start breathing, we tend to loose the secure and safe world of the mother’s womb to arrive in a loud, cold, alien place, and even from...
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...multiple educational needs. The priority educational need in common and identified among both the family and the community of Palmdale, California is the need for education on the maintenance of chronic illnesses. Determining what chronic illness to focus on in terms of development of the health educational plan however, presented more of a challenge. When observing the community it was identified that multiple individuals had oxygen tanks providing evidence of chronic respiratory illnesses, but the family assessed did not suffer from respiratory illness rather had a family member whom suffered from a new diagnosis of diabetes. Therefore, the nurse researched the California Department of Health to identify the number one health indicator of death by...
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...Coping With Grief at Different Ages Gadear S. Alatki PSYC 2314: Lifespan Psychology MW 1-3 Fall 2010 There are many unexplained mysteries when it comes to humans. Acting and thinking in ways that make no sense is also a known fact, and when in the topic of psychology, proof can be given from every stage of the developing person up to the point of death. When a person dies, those who had loved the deceased usually experience grief and mourning, though the impact of death has different effects for different people. Rosario states that “grief transforms” in which is referring to the many shapes it comes in (2004). Grief can be experienced physically, emotionally, socially, or mentally depending on the individual. Sleeplessness, appetite changes, physical problems, or possible illness are examples of physical reactions. Emotional reactions can include anger, guilt, anxiety, sadness, and utter despair. Those impacted socially experience feelings of responsibility for other family members, having to communicate with family or friends, feelings of being isolated, or going back to work. These are few of the many forms it takes for all of us, but it is not until researching the subject that I found what really affects grieving. I chose this topic in order to find this solution due to a particular event in my life. That day was the death of my beloved uncle. It happened one evening in the summer of 2009. An urgent call came through from one of our relatives from overseas. The...
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...Supporting the Older Adult to Cope with Grief and Loss Grief and loss are inevitable experiences that affect the older adult. Grief is defined as “the emotional response to a loss or death” (Yancey & Hunter, 2014, p. 449). As adults age their friends gradually die, they may outlive older generations of their family, health may deteriorate, and abilities and independence may diminish. The loss of loved ones, health, and independence, among many other losses, can give rise to grief in the older adult. Grief is a natural response to loss. While some can adjust to the conditions of loss in others it can intensify to the point where the individual is unable to cope with the loss (Gibson, 2012). The inability to cope with grief can yield undesirable effects such as: depression, anxiety, insomnia, increased use of alcohol or drugs, and decreased social interaction (Potocky, 1993). This is why it is necessary for the nurse to facilitate the grieving process. Jean Watson’s theory contains relevant concepts that nurses can incorporate into their care of the older adult experiencing grief. Nurses can fulfill their role in facilitating the grief process through the application of therapeutic communication techniques in the appraisal of grief, by preventing isolation through social support, and promoting hope as a coping strategy. The use of therapeutic communication techniques will aid the nurse in making a valid appraisal of the patient’s grief. This involves assessing the value of the patients...
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...receive. Paternalism- the assumption of parent like authority by medical practitioners, is seen as infringing on a patient’s autonomy or freedom to make medical decisions. Covenantal relationship- which implies a mutuality of interest between provider and patients. Eight principles that are important when delivering bad news 1. Keep it simple 2. Ask yourself, “What does this diagnosis mean to the patient?” 3. Meet on “cool ground” first. Get to know a patient prior to presenting the news. 4. Wait for questions. 5. Do not argue with denial. 6. Ask questions yourself. 7. Do not destroy all hope. 8. Do not say anything that is untrue. Strategies that either curtail or encourage conversation when speaking of death by a caregiver * Reassurance * Denial * Changing the subject * Fatalism * Discussion “Whole person care”- caring for seriously ill and dying patients involves attending not just to a patients physical needs but also to his or her mental, emotional, and spiritual needs. Care can be both personal and comprehensive when the guidelines are in place. Total care also means attending to the needs of the patient’s family....
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...University of the Philippines in the Visayas-Cebu College Social Sciences Division S.Y. 2005-2006 Coping Strategies of Children Reared by Single Parents: A Psychological Study Thesis (Psychology 195) Carabio, Charmaine Statement of the Problem 1. What are the respondents’ concepts of an ideal family? 2. What are the respondents’ perceived causes of their condition? 3. What are the respondents’ dimensions of the perceived cause of their condition? 4. What are the common problems encountered by the respondents being reared by a single parent? 5. What are the common coping mechanisms of respondents? 6. What are the respondents’ nature of relationship with the parent living with and not living with? 7. What is the respondents’ frequency of communication with the parent living with and not living with? 8. What is the respondents’ level of self-esteem? 9. What is the respondents’ level of assessment of their condition? 10. What is the respondents’ level of quality of relationship with the parent not living with? 11. Is there a significant association between self-esteem and the following variables: 1. assessment of condition? 2. quality of relationship with the parent not living with 12. Is there a significant difference between self-esteem and the following variables: 1. type of family? 2. employment status of parent living with the respondent? 3. perceived...
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...Stress–Essay on definitions & coping strategies By Karyn Krawford 08/08 Introduction: Weiten et al (2009) propose that stress is an epidemic in the 21st century that commonly affects all of us on a daily basis, when considering minor stress from environmental conditions such as noise and pollution. Even though time saving gadgets and self help tools have increased substantially in the 20th century and people have more control over their lives, there is an increase of anxiety and people have less free time. “We will define stress as any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities”. (Pg 71). For example a person can no longer meet external demands such as work or relationships because they feel they do not have the resources to cope. Chronic stress is in the eye of the beholder. Stress is of such concern that the UK now recognises ‘National Stress Awareness Day’ (http://www.nationalstressawarenessday.co.uk). What is Stress? 1. Stress is defined firstly by an event. Our primary appraisal of the event is conducted and then a secondary appraisal of available coping resources. If the event taxes resources that are often not available it is considered a 'stressor'. For example a person perceived to be experiencing stress could have problems with the resource; maintaining peace of mind. 2. Stress types - There are acute (short-term) and chronic (long- term)...
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...a deep sadness caused especially by someone’s death; trouble or annoyance. In today’s culture and society, when we hear this term, it is often associated with the passing of a loved one. Though a very familiar terminology in culture and society, it is sometimes known but rarely understood. When it comes to the loss of a loved one or someone special in a person’s life, how one deals with and recovers from that is called the bereavement process. The approach to death and grief can be widely vast in the way a person reacts or expresses their grief during their rough time. Both grief and bereavement encompass a range of feelings from deep sadness to anger, and the process of adapting to a significant loss can vary dramatically from one person to another, depending on his or her background, beliefs, relationships to what was lost, and other factors. Grief is associated with feelings of sadness, guilt, regret, anger and so many others. The thought process during the grief process can also be challenging and difficult and can also range in its expression. Thoughts can vary from “there’s nothing I can do about it” to “it’s all my fault.” Grieving behaviors can shift from crying to laughter, and from sharing feelings to engaging silently in acts such as writing or exercising. One of the biggest issues associated with coping with and facing death is the issue of the “how to?” How do people deal with death? How to face and cope with death and grief? Is there a right and wrong way to do...
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...Finding Meaning and Purpose While dealing with death is never an easy process, knowing how to handle the grieving process could prove to be beneficial to you and those around you. How we deal with our loss will play our in various emotions. In this paper we will take a look at the emotion a person goes through when dealing with death, how a person deals with death in their own way, and finding the meaning and purpose of dealing with grief. Death is never an easy subject to approach. When a person loses a loved one, various emotions come into factor. These emotions trigger feelings which otherwise would not be compromised under normal circumstances. However, the various emotions that a person deals with assist them in the mourning process. There are different stages of emotions a person deals with after having lost a loved one. It is perfectly normal to have experience these emotions and should go through each stage of these emotions. It is believed the common stages of coping with death are as follow: shock and disbelief, sadness, guilt, anger, fear and physical symptoms (Smith & Segal, 2014, p. 1). According to the article done by M. Smith and J. Segal; these emotions are onset early stages in the grieving process. They also stated it might feel like you are going crazy or in a bad dream. They went on to state you might even question your religion and beliefs. Just how does our emotion assist us when going through a death of a love one? The feelings we as humans experience...
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