...Coronary artery disease is usually caused by atherosclerosis. Cholesterol and other fatty substances accumulate on the inner wall of the arteries. This attracts fibrous tissue, blood components, and calcium, which harden into flow-obstructing plaques. If a blood clot suddenly forms on one of these plaques it can convert a partial obstruction to a total occlusion. When the blockage is temporary or partial, angina (chest pain or pressure) may occur. When the blockage completely and suddenly cuts off the flow of blood, the result is myocardial infarction. Congenital defects and spasms of a coronary artery may also block blood flow. There is evidence that infection from organisms such as chlamydia bacteria may be responsible for some cases of coronary artery disease. A number of major contributing factors increase...
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...Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease, is a condition in which plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis (ATH-er-o-skler-O-sis). The buildup of plaque occurs over many years. Figure A shows a normal artery with normal blood flow. Figure B shows an artery with plaque buildup. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your coronary arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle. Eventually, an area of plaque can rupture (break open). This causes a blood clot to form on the surface of the plaque. If the clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block blood flow through a coronary artery. TLC therapeutic lifestyle changes Health Information center: 301-592-8573 nhlbi.nih.gov Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels. This includes high LDL cholesterol (sometimes called “bad” cholesterol) and low HDL cholesterol (sometimes called “good” cholesterol). High blood pressure. Blood pressure is considered high if it stays at or above 140/90 mmHg over time. If you have diabetes or chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure is defined as 130/80 mmHg or higher. (The mmHg is millimeters of mercury—the units used to measure blood pressure.) Smoking. Smoking can damage and tighten blood...
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...Coronary artery disease is when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hard and narrow, causing the heart to be deprived of blood and oxygen. Managing coronary artery disease can be difficult and stressful for some patients. Research about this topic is commonly explored and has positive reviews when management interventions are implemented. There have been patients who have benefited from different behavioral and pharmacological techniques that produce healthy outcomes. However, patients do not have the knowledge or resources to obtain the correct information on their own. Nurses, as advocates, should educate patients on proper care of this illness. Annotated Bibliography Driscoll, A., Hare, D. L., & Toukhsati, S. R. (2015)....
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...Coronary Artery disease (CAD) is arguably the world’s most deadly disease. With upwards to 3 million new cases every year, the disease is still without a cure and has a death rate of nearly 25%. This disease is the number 1 cause of death in men and women with 615,000 men and women afflicted with this disease and another 735,000 men and women suffering from a heart attack caused by CAD. Coronary Artery Disease is a disease in which plaque builds up inside the arteries. The buildup of plaque in the arteries causes a narrowing of the arteries. This results in the inability of the blood containing necessary oxygen to be transported to the heart and thus, to the rest of the body. The arteries are supposed to normally supply oxygen to the heart...
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...Describe Mr. Smith’s risk factors for Coronary artery disease and state whether they are modifiable or non-modifiable. (4 marks) Mr. Smiths factors that put him on risk of cardio vascular diseases are 1. Family history of cardiovascular disease 2. Stress 3. Type-2 diabetes 4. Dyslipidemia 5. Age 6. gender 7. Lack of physical activity and exercise 8. Sedentary life style 9. Over weight Non-Modifiable risk factors: 1. Age 2. Gender 3. Family history Modifiable risk Factors: 1. Elevated cholesterol levels. 2. Diabetes 3. Hypertension 4. Obesity 5. Blood pressure 6. Physical...
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...Title OVERVIEW Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition that is caused by plaque build-up in the arteries to the heart. The plaque creates a blockage in those arteries, decreasing the amount of blood flow and oxygen that the heart needs to function properly (Julian et al. 1998, as cited by Tully, Baker, Turnbull, & Winefield, p.281). Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Heart catheterizations, stent insertions, valve replacements, and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) are types of surgical interventions used to repair heart damage. Today, cardiac surgery is a common event, but for the person undergoing the procedure, depression and anxiety can play a large role in the recovery process. When the patient learns he must have heart surgery, many feelings and emotions come...
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...IV. Diagnosis Diagnosing coronary artery disease can be a very tricky process especially when there are multiple arteries that can become clogged. Over 6 million Americans gain symptoms due to coronary artery disease and about 1/3 die from it. One must meet with many different types of doctors in order to get an accurate result. One of them is a cardiologist that is meant to diagnose heart diseases and conditions depending on the area of the heart that you are in. Another doctor you can see is a vascular specialist, who is meant to diagnose blood vessel problems. These doctors will do physical examinations where they will use a stethoscope to check the arteries for any seething noises such as a bruit due to plaque buildup. They may also...
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...The Deadliest Disease in the World Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most deadly disease in the world. CAD occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries causing blood clots and restricting the heart of oxygen. CAD is the number one cause of death in the United States and the world. Medications and treatments are available but nothing can take the place of being proactive and preventing the disease. ("What Is Coronary Heart Disease?") Coronary artery disease is caused when cholesterol containing deposits of plaque buildup inside the arteries that supply blood to your heart. As the plaque builds up, it begins to narrow your arteries, decreasing the amount of blood flow to your heart. The plaque often attracts other fibrous tissue such as calcium and blood components which further harden the artery by causing blood clots to form. Over time, the decreased blood flow will cause shortness of breath, chest pain and even heart attack. ("What Is Coronary Heart Disease?") According to the center of disease control, heart disease is the number 1 cause of death in the United States, killing over 780,000 people every year. Specifically, coronary artery disease is responsible for killing over 380,000 people per year. ("Heart Disease: Scope and Impact") Cardiovascular disease takes more lives than all forms of cancer combined. Furthermore, someone will have a heart attack every 34 seconds in the United States, and every 60 seconds someone will die from a heart related disease. Research shows...
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...Dr.Giselle Salgado-Jimenez June 18, 2015 Coronary Artery Disease Heart disease The topic I will explore is Coronary Artery Disease or Heart Disease in women. My question, what do healthcare providers need to know about heart disease in woman and how it is different from men will be discussed. Coronary Artery disease is the leading cause of death in woman and men in society. Many women’s risk factor goes unrecognized and untreated by their primary doctor (Pregler et al., 2009). According to familyDoctor.org, “American women are 4 to 6 times more likely to die of heart disease that of breast cancer” (2009). In generally men have an earlier onset of heart disease than to woman but have a higher survival rate from heart attach than do woman (Dzugan, 2005). Heart disease can take many forms. Different arteries supply different areas of the heart with oxygenated blood. If one or more of these arteries became narrowed or clogged as a result of coronary artery disease, or atherosclerosis the artery cannot fully supply the part of the heart it is responsible for. The heart is an effective pump only when good blood supply is maintained to all heart muscles. Most women are not aware that heart disease is a greater risk for them than breast or cervical cancer. My research has shown that women in general have a lack of knowledge of heart disease and its deadly risk.There is numerous risk factors that contribute to the risk to heart disease. Risk can be categorized into no modifiable...
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...TitleHeart Disease 1.What Is Heart Disease? The topic of heart disease usually centers on heart attacks but there are many other problems that can compromise heart functions, injure the heart tissues, or cause heart disease. Most of the major problems include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy. The following slides will present these heart problems and their warning signs 2.Heart disease facts Heart disease refers to several conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Arrhythmias, heart valve disease, congenital heart defects, and inflammation of the heart or its lining (the pericardium) are all diseases that affect the heart. However, this article will focus on the most common type of heart disease, coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death in the United States. Over a million people each year will have a heart attack and 25% will die before they get to the hospital while or in the Emergency Department. Prevention is the key to treatment of heart disease. Diagnosis of heart disease is often made by careful history taken by a health care practitioner. Some individuals may have atypical symptoms, including almost none at all. The testing strategy to confirm the diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment needs to be individualized for each patient diagnosed with heart disease. Treatment of heart disease depends...
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...Prevention of Heart Disease : Prevention of Heart Disease What is Heart Disease? : What is Heart Disease? Heart : The most hard-working muscle of our body – pumps 4-5 litres of blood every minute during rest Supplies nutrients and oxygen rich blood to all body parts, including itself. Coronary arteries surrounding the heart keep it nourished with blood What is coronary artery disease? : What is coronary artery disease? Over time, fatty deposits called plaque build up within the artery walls. The artery becomes narrow. When this occurs in the coronary arteries, heart does not get sufficient blood, the condition is called coronary artery disease, or coronary heart disease Slide 4: Myth : fat deposits at old age! It starts from 2 years of age Are Other organs Affected? : Are other organs Affected? Brain stroke. Vascular Disease results in the stop of some organs. Coronary Heart Disease Angina MI (Heart Attack) Sudden Cardiac Death What are the symptoms of Coronary artery disease? : What are the symptoms of Coronary artery disease? No symptoms for long period Chest pain for short period on exertion also known as Angina or minor heart attack Myocardial Infarction or major heart attack-Severe chest pain, death of heart muscle, heart failure, irregular heart beats Sudden Death How Big is the Problem ? : How Big is the Problem ? No. 1 killer disease worldwide 12 Million deaths annually . Why Me ? : Why Me ? Genetic .Poor handling of fats and...
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...Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease is the most common of heart diseases. Nearly 500,000 Americans die each year from CHD. This type of heart disease is caused by narrowing or clogging of the coronary arteries. CHD is the number one killer in both men and women in the U.S. these deaths could be prevented because CHD is related to certain aspects of one’s life. The risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and no physical activities- all of which can be controlled. The heart needs a constant supple of nutrients and oxygen that is supplied by the blood that is carried to the coronary arteries. When the coronary arteries become clogged or narrow and cannot deliver enough blood to the heart, the result is CHD. When there is not enough blood reaching the heart, the heart will respond with pain call angina. This pain is usually felt sometimes in the left arm and shoulder or in the chest. However sometimes there are no symptoms, which is a condition called silent angina. Once the blood supply is cut off completely the results are a heart attack. CHD is the result of a process known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when a person has fat like substances in the blood. This process is caused by a thickening which narrows the arteries over time by deposits of plaque. Plaque is a buildup of materials such as: * Cholesterol * Fats * Platelets * Cell wastes * Calcium At a young age plaque can start to deposit in...
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...Coronary Artery Disease The term heart disease is used to describe various types of heart conditions. Heart disease is the leading cause of deaths in the United States. It is also a leading cause in disability in the United States. More than 616,000 Americans die each year because of heart disease (National Center 2012). In 2010, all cardiovascular diseases together projected to cost $444.2 billion according to the American Heart Association (National Center 2012). In the United States, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common heart disease. Coronary heart disease can cause heart attacks, angina, heart failure and arrhythmias (CDC 2009). The coronary arteries are the first blood vessels that branch off from the ascending aorta on the heart. They supply blood to the atria, ventricles and septum of the heart. These arteries supply oxygenated and nutrient filled blood to the heart muscle. They consist of a right and left artery that surround the heart anterior and posterior (Bailey 2012). Coronary artery disease occurs when there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries. The plaque that builds up is made up of cholesterol deposits (CDC 2009). With the buildup of the plaque, the lumen of the arteries narrows over time (CDC 2009). When this process happens, it is known as atherosclerosis (CDC 2009). Atherosclerosis is a serious condition because it can lead to angina or discomfort. The most common symptom a person can experience is chest pain or discomfort because...
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...Cardiovascular Disease is comprised of many diseases. These include coronary heart disease, which refers to blockages of the arteries that feed the heart; peripheral artery disease, which refers to blockages of the arteries that feed the arms and legs; and carotid artery disease, which refers to blockages of the arteries that feed the brain. By feeding, I am referring to the supplying of blood to these aforementioned areas. Coronary heart disease, or coronary artery disease is the number one killer in the U.S. Over 600,000 people die yearly as a result of it; and that is only in the U.S. 7.4 million people succumb to coronary artery disease every year (World Health Organization, 2015). Coronary artery disease (CAD) costs U.S. tax payers over $100 billion dollars a year; this includes cost of medical care, medications, and loss of wages and work hours (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). CAD is not as common in third world countries. This is because the plaque that forms inside the arteries does so over many years and peoples from third world countries have shorter life spans than those in rich countries like the U.S. It is considered a chronic, or long-term, disease. Prevalence or commonness of CAD depends on many factors such as age, sex, race or ethnicity, and lifestyle and/or education. It is more common in persons aged 65 or older, but is not specific to that age group. CAD has been found to start as early as age two. It is more common in men than...
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...With Coronary Artery Disease: Development and Psychometric Evaluation Ava-Gaye Shaw Reed Northeastern Hospital School Of Nursing Introduction The adherence with taking medications was found to be at a rate much lower than where the researchers had initially believed. Adherence with taking medications by patients with chronic illnesses was found to be even worse due to the lack of patient-centered, medication-specific and theoretically integrative measurement instruments. The researchers decided to work towards developing a tool that would not only be reliable but also a valid instrument that would measure the various factors that have an effect on the patients and the compliance with taking their medication. This study focused specifically on patients with coronary artery disease. This instrument was developed in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of developing the structure and content of the tool. This was defined by analyzing literature pertaining to medication adherence and interviews with patients. Phase 2 consisted of establishing the psychometric properties of the tool. Exploratory factor analyses, reliability and validity estimations were performed with a sample size of 404 patients from 3 tertiary cardiology referral centers. This phase resulted in a 16-item, three factor solution; Medication Planning Strategies, Health Risk and Health Protection. This helped to create an adherence instrument for patients on pharmacotherapy for coronary artery disease and initial...
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