...Nueva economía de China: dos para el dinero El Partido Comunista en China aprobó una nueva ley que permitirá que las parejas casadas puedan tener dos hijos dando por terminado la política de un hijo único desde hace treinta años. Este cambio ayudaría a que la población salga del envejecimiento, estancamiento o disminución de trabajadores ya que la población ha disminuido debido a que se encuentra a menos de un tercio del ritmo desde 1980 con un crecimiento de 0.5% por año. Los efectos para esta decisión podría aumentar paulatinamente la mano de obra en China lo que significaría una reorientación en la economía, exportaciones e inversiones de capital. Además, de gastos a los consumidores porque las madres necesitan adquirir bienes para poder satisfacer las necesidades de sus bebés. Sin embargo, a los padres les generaría gastos como de cuido, matriculas, tutorías, trasladarse a una casa más amplia por lo que tiene que estar preparados. Por otro lado, es necesario que aumente la productividad para que se pueda frenar la fuerza trabajadora que es un grupo pequeño, debido a que la mano de obra son en su mayoría personas de edad avanzada propiciando el aumento de jubilados. Estoy de acuerdo con el autor porque el cambio de esta política permitirá un país con aumento en la población de la cual se encuentra en estancamiento, aumentará la oferta en la mano de obra, disminuirá la influencia de la gente negativa sobre el envejecimiento relacionada con descenso de la mano de obra...
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...Master of Business Administration Business Ethics assignment Nadine GOUBA Professor: Virginie VIAL January 2016 1. From CSR to CSV The concept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) emerged in the 1950s. Bowen queried: “What responsibilities to society may businessmen reasonably be expected to assume?” CSR “refers to the obligations of businessmen to pursue those policies, to make those decisions or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society”. He argued that businessmen are responsible for the consequences of their actions in a sphere somewhat wider than corporate financial performance. (Bowen, 1953) Traditionally companies carried out CSR through cash donation, charitable and philanthropic activities. Companies’ CSR activities are often disconnected with their core business strategy and while possibly promoting some sort of social cause, bring no real value to the company itself. (Castillo, p. 2) This social responsibility is criticized by many. According to Milton FRIEDMAN “there is one and only one social responsibility of business–to use it resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud.” (Friedman, September 13, 1970) PORTER and KRAMER propose to create economic value in a way that also creates value for society by addressing its needs...
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... Germany, Established in 1975, is nowadays the second market t automaker in the world , this making it a business that needs to have ethical responsibilities. A moral agent is a person with the right of making decision in a corporation and stand accountable for the outcome of the decisions taken, either a right or wrong one. What makes Volkswagen to stand out is that their concern is not only profit and people entitled with the manger try to make decisions that will have a positive impact on business, employees , stakeholders , shareholders and external factors, such as the impact on the world. Business ethics means studying business policies and practices concerning potential issues like discrimination,insider trading , corporate governance,social responsibility and they are often guided by law or they choose to follow these practices t gain public acceptance. Volkswagen is an ethical business as they follow the principles of fairness and honesty, meaning that fraudulent practices, acts of corruption, favoritism and any other things breaking the law . Also they are impartial when it comes about gender,age,sexual orientation, race, health condition, nationality, political views or different religious views. Supporting human rights is another ethical decision made by them as they act in concordance with the requirements of the International Labour Organizaton. The company comply with current legislation about workforce protection as they try to avoid risks, combat them at...
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...Business / Corporate Social Responsibility At Air New Zealand Corporate Social Responsibility At Air New Zealand This essay Corporate Social Responsibility At Air New Zealand is available for you on Essays24.com! Search Term Papers, College Essay Examples and Free Essays on Essays24.com - full papers database. Autor: anton 03 July 2011 Tags: Corporate, Social, Responsibility, Zealand Words: 1880 | Pages: 8 Views: 108 Printable Version Essay: Corporate Social Responsibility At Air New Zealand Read Full Essay Join Now! Aviation industry exerts great influence on growth of national economy and it has an overriding effect on national security. Air New Zealand is an international airline registered and based in New Zealand. It provides cargo transport services and air passenger within New Zealand, as well as to and from major regions. To start with, all outside factors that may influence an organization constitute the external environment .This report will first describe the external environment through three perspectives: economic, technological and global forces, then the major CSR issues and the stakeholders. Finally, it will discuss how stakeholders influence the CSR policy and the implication of it. Air New Zealand has made significant progress in the previous year according to a favorable economic climate and the company records a net profit after tax of $215 million. However, fuel prices continue to reach a record level - the price of jet fuel averaged...
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...This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility: Do Conflicts Affect a Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy? Cristina A. Cedillo Torres, Mercedes Garcia-French, Rosemarie Hordijk, Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup* 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and objectives This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an r o verview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the esponsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the c ontext of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan, the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow. ...
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...This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility: Do Conflicts Affect a Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy? Cristina A. Cedillo Torres, Mercedes Garcia-French, Rosemarie Hordijk, Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup* 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and objectives This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an r o verview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the esponsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the c ontext of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan, the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow. ...
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...Introduction This essay aims to express my vision and ideas about responsible leadership, a new theory of growing importance. Indeed, previous theories about leadership lost credibility after the financial crisis in 2008. To fill in the gaps of the former theories, a new concept emerges: responsible leadership. In this essay, I first introduce the concept of leadership before expressing my vision of responsible leadership. Leadership In the literature, most of the definitions have common parts. Leaders are individuals able to influence and lead a group of people, by their actions, to achieve a common goal. To do so, those individuals must have a deep commitment to the goal and strive to achieve it. Moreover, they must have a personal vision of the future and inspire their partners so that their vision becomes a common goal for the group. Another characteristic of a leader is that he has persuasive skills and manages to make his/her followers trust him. He is also likely to empower people he works with. Thus, he manages to share responsibilities between team members so that the group becomes more effective. Finally, he motivates people to do their best in their respective fields and also to create a positive team spirit. In the business world, leaders were often associated with outstanding individuals shaped to conceive a competitive advantage for the company. The role of this person was to create value for the shareholders. In other words, one of the most important sides...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility An Implementation Guide for Business Paul Hohnen, Author Jason Potts, Editor Corporate Social Responsibility An Implementation Guide for Business Paul Hohnen, Author Jason Potts, Editor ii Corporate Social Responsibility: An Implementation Guide for Business © 2007, International Institute for Sustainable Development The International Institute for Sustainable Development contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change and energy, measurement and assessment, and sustainable natural resources management. Through the Internet, we report on international negotiations and share knowledge gained through collaborative projects with global partners, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity building in developing countries and better dialogue between North and South. IISD’s vision is better living for all—sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Government of Canada, provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and Environment Canada; and from the Province of Manitoba. The Institute receives project funding from numerous governments inside and outside Canada,...
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...creation of the intellectual property. Using a free market approach to innovation based on Western moral philosophy, we suggest that treating intellectually protected life saving/life sustaining innovations as public goods will likely reduce social welfare over the long term. KEY WORDS: entrepreneurship, ethics, innovation, intellectual property rights, policy ‘‘For the Scripture says, ‘Do not muzzle the ox while it is treading out the grain,’ and ‘The worker deserves his wages’ ’’ 1 Timothy 5:18. Ray (2004), in a recent critique of Miles et al. (2002), proposes that the intellectual property rights (IPR) generated from any life saving/life sustaining entrepreneurial initiatives should be transferred to the public domain whenever potential users of these innovations are unable or unwilling to enter into mutually beneficial exchange relationships with the creators of the IPR. This reply offers a perspective on why Ray’s (2004) imperative does not maximize social welfare and, in fact, will tend to diminish social welfare over the long-term as a result of lower economic incentives for innovation. Introduction ‘‘Few trends would so thoroughly undermine the very foundations of our free society as the acceptance by corporate officials of a social responsibility other than to make as much money for their stockholders as they possible can. This is a fundamentally subversive doctrine’’ (Friedman, l962, p. 133). Morgan P. Miles is Professor of Marketing, Georgia Southern University...
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...FEMSA – Organization Development – HR Sustainment Intervention Fomento Economico Mexicano, known as Femsa (FMX) sustainability program keeps evolving with new acquisition and joint business ventures. In 2011, FEMSA and business segments required an organization development planned change to improve the corporation’s sustainability. Our research will focus on the corporations five core areas: ethics and corporate values; quality of life in the company; health and wellness, community engagement and, environment care. The OD practitioner used the well know Lewin’s Action Research theory, which is composed of repetitive four step process: diagnostic, planning, plan execution, and plan evaluation (Cheung-Judge, M., & Holbeche, L. 2011) FEMSA is a leading company that participates in the non-alcoholic beverage industry through Coca-Cola FEMSA (KOF), the largest independent bottler of Coca-Cola products in the world in terms of sales volume; in the retail industry through FEMSA Comercio, operating the largest and fastest-growing chain of stores in Latin America, and in the beer industry, through its ownership of the second largest equity stake in Heineken, one of the world’s leading brewers with operations in over 70 countries. KOF invested more than Ps. 28,000 million in mergers and acquisitions during 2011, to consolidate its leadership position in Mexico and Latin America, while entering the milk and value-added dairy products category with a leading...
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...Misery Loves Companies: Whither Social Initiatives by Business? Joshua D. Margolis Harvard University jmargolis@hbs.edu 617-495-6444 James P. Walsh University of Michigan jpwalsh@umich.edu 734-936-2768 December 16, 2002 We want to thank Christine Oliver, our three anonymous reviewers, Paul Adler, Howard Aldrich, Alan Andreasen, Jim Austin, Charles Behling, Mary Gentile, Tom Gladwin, Morten Hansen, Stu Hart, Nien-he Hsieh, Linda Lim, Nitin Nohria, Lynn Paine, Gail Pesyna, Rob Phillips, Lance Sandelands, Debora Spar, Joe White, Richard Wolfe and the students in Jim Walsh’s “The Corporation in Society” Ph.D. seminar for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this paper. We also want to thank Marguerite Booker, John Galvin and Nichole Pelak for their helpful research assistance. The Harvard Business School, the University of Michigan Business School, and the Aspen Institute’s Initiative for Social Innovation through Business provided invaluable support for this project. Misery Loves Companies: Whither Social Initiatives by Business? Abstract Companies are increasingly being asked to provide innovative solutions to deep-seated problems of human misery. Organization and management scholarship can play an important role in understanding and guiding possible corporate responses. Theory and research to date have sought to reconcile possible corporate responses with economic premises about the purpose of the firm. Our goals in this paper are to reorient the...
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...Ethical Perspectives: Drucker, Friedman, and Murphey Business Ethics Ethics in business is an extremely important matter that continues to be discussed in many organizations today. There are even many businesses that offer formal ethical training and believe in it vital to their business’s success. However, it can be proven that several professionals have different views on what is exactly ethical in business. Three professionals with different points of views regarding what is ethical in business include Peter Drucker, Milton Friedman, and Patrick Murphy. Peter Drucker Peter Drucker’s view on all ethical dilemmas is primum non nocere. This motto, taken from the medical profession, can be translated to mean “Above all do no harm” (Jennings, 2012). In other words, Dr. Drucker believed that people should make decisions that would not bring harm to other people. He, like many other management professionals, understood the many approaches philosophers have taken to understand ethics. However, he wanted to show how and where business ethics fit into the conflicting rules of ethics and human behavior. Ethics of Prudence and Self Development Dr. Drucker used his experience as a philosophy and a religion professor as well as his experience answering difficult ethical political questions as a method of drawing his conclusion regarding ethics in business. He believed that a major tradition of ethics in the West, Ethics of Prudence” would prove to be valuable in understanding...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not an easily defined term. It is used in several different conditions, depending on how it applies and the objectives it serves. It only came into existence during the late 1970’s after the term stakeholder started being used, meaning – those whom the organizations activities have an impact on. Before, the role of CSR was not highly required or rather thought of, but consumers today are interested in companies, which are socially responsible. If companies loose sight of their consumer’s thoughts it will impact any potential of growth and hamper profitability leading it to cease in existence. This is why; CSR highlights corporate actions and business models related to social, environmental and economic facets within the world today. In regard to understanding CSR better and deeper we were asked to choose a company we could relate our readings and concepts from the Harvard Business Review by Porter & Kramer 2006 and by Zadek 2006. Initially I had trouble choosing a company as my interest in working is majorly in NGOs. I sought out to understand their CSR but after a couple of searching, I was made aware they mainly collaborate with corporate organizations to promote CSR. Such NGOs like Save the Children, ILO, UNDP all align themselves to create a guideline for companies to function with CSR in mind. So next I thought about considering a company that had built in values of CSR from the beginning- thinking understanding a company who had...
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...Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility, also known as CSR, is a self-regulatory system whereby a company keep its business dealings in check with the laws and ethical standards of the society. The various aspects of CSR will be discussed using a case study concerning Hennes & Mauritz (H&M). It is a case of unethical waste discharge by their supplier that is harmful to the environment. The stakeholders that are affected, solutions to this problem and the ethics and values of this case will be further explained and evaluated. This case shows that despite the importance of CSR, there are companies that will choose to break their code of conduct in order to increase profitability. The Case As reported by Frauzel (2011), a Greenpeace representative, H&M is found to be linked to factories that discharged toxic chemicals into China’s rivers and that their line of kids clothing contains nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) that break down into the toxic nonylphenol (NP), which is a hormone disruptor that affects reproduction and fertility. This chemical is said to be hazardous even in small amounts. Moreover, this chemical can cause adverse effects to the food chain if accumulated as it is not easily broken down. Source: Frauzel, T., (2011), Clothing and the global toxic cycle . This is a serious case of pollution as the waste was not treated carefully and released in its toxic form into the water bodies. The Stakeholders and their involvement Shareholders: ...
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...Innovative. The principles related to “Responsible” serve as fundamental guidance for its business decisions. Siemens encourage business partners, suppliers and other stakeholders to adopt a similar standard of ethical behavior. Siemens is determined to meet, and wherever possible, exceed all legal and ethical requirements. Our responsibility is to conduct all business according to the highest professional and ethical standards and practices: There must be no tolerance for non-compliant behavior. Sustainability at Siemens is leading to profitable long-term growth and responsible value creation for the company. For Siemens, sustainability means acting responsibly on behalf of future generations to achieve economic, environmental and social progress: • For the environment, Siemens is providing innovative products and solutions to improve both its own eco balance and those of its customers and suppliers. • For business, Siemens is focusing on long-term value creation. • For the society, Siemens is developing its own employees and striving to be good citizens in all the communities in which the company is active. The Siemens CSR strategy includes Focus, Implementation & Budget. According to the company’s current sustainability-related portfolio, Siemens is focused on: • Environmental Portfolio • Integrity • Innovation • Human rights • Occupational health and safety • Own ecological footprint • Sustainability in the...
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