...occupies a unique place in the field of elementary education in India. This scheme was the first attempt to develop an indigenous scheme of education in British India by Mahatma Gandhi, the father of our nation. As a nationalist leader he fully realised that the British system of education could not serve the socio-economic need of the country. At Round Table Conference in London (1931) he pointed out the ineffectiveness of the system of primary education in India and the alarming low percentage of literacy among Indian people. He held the policy of the British Government responsible for this painful situation in the field of mass education. Gandhiji said “I am convinced that the present system of education is not only wasteful but positively harmful.” It was in this context the concept of Basic Education emerged in the mind of Gandhiji. In this unit we will discuss the historical background, the Wardha scheme of education, its fundamental features, curriculum and merits and demerits of this system of education. The word ‘Basic’ is derived from the word ‘base’ which means the bottom or the foundation of a thing upon which the whole thing rests or is made o stand Mahatma Gandhi wanted to make the foundation of the educational edifice strong. It is with this objective that he put forward this scheme. This scheme of education is based on the national culture and civilisation of India. It aims at making a child self-reliant by enabling him to use his acquired knowledge and skills in practical...
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...them on her own. Through the rebellion against her mother, she is paving a path for her independence and individual views towards conflict. This shows the pivotal transition from a once innocent and clueless child a much more mature and grown independent woman forming opinions and views for herself. The first image of the scene shows Marji with a lit cigarette in her mouth. She says, “As for me, I sealed my act of rebellion against my mother’s dictatorship by smoking the cigarette.” (117) This image marks the beginning of her innocence being lost as she turns into a woman who is able to form her own views and commits acts of resistance against values she does not agree with. This small act of rebellion with the cigarette is a direct correlation with Marji’s desire to grow up in society and become independent. The expression on her face shows not only her rebellion towards a dictator that is her mother but also a higher dictator that is the theocratic government. The theocratic government would not allow for her modernistic views and view her smoking a cigarette as an act against them. They instead force upon a fundamentalist view of Islamic tradition. When Marji inhales the cigarette, we begin to see the fear she has on face as she realizes how hard the transition from child to...
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...Saturday, February 16th- 2013 Topic: Porn Regulation in Canada BY: MUZZAMIL HUSSAIN I. Introduction: Pornography has been defined as any material that is sexually explicit but does not appear to be obscene and, which can be displayed through the Internet, adult movies, magazines and adult stores. Obscenity laws in Canada use the community standards models to determine which pornographic material are in accordance with societal morals, and which should be categorized as obscene. John Stuart Mill and the Harms of Pornography is an article written by David Dyzenhaus in 1992, professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto. In his article, he raises an interesting idea that liberalists and feminists would support the censorship of pornography (Dyzenhaus, 1992). The feminist viewpoint argues that pornography shows men forcing women into sex; therefore it should be censored because of the harm it causes against women. Dyzenhaus then hypothesizes that because pornography is portrayed as violent material, the classical liberalists such as John Stuart Mill would defend the feminists in censoring such behavior based on his harm principle. The article also raises gender inequality issues of contemporary society, one being the subordination of men to women. Three political philosophies are concerned with the law of obscenity: liberalism, conservatism and feminism. Conservative morality takes into consideration the elements of virtue or...
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...Psych 253 Book Review: Talking to the Enemy Richard Marion In his book Talking to the Enemy (2010), Scott Atran uses his experiences in the countries often perceived as the origin of most global terrorist actions against the United States combined with scientific proof from a wide variety of sources to argue for new methods of understanding and stopping terrorism as it exists today. Though many examples and analyses of terrorist acts are examined in the book along with many different explanations for the social and psychological mechanisms that may cause them, one of the central ideas is the power of social bonds to drive people to commit actions that they never would have considered alone. This paper will analyze Atran's argument as it is supported by social psychology, and in particular specific research that was used in the writing of the book itself. Atran states that “to kill and die with friends... almost invariably involves deep love of one's group” (p. 317) and goes on to say that having no empathy towards other groups allows this to happen. His own work in Radical Madrasas in Southeast Asia (Atran, Ginges, Magouirk, 2008) supports his claim by showing that when students viewed someone as being outside of their group and incapable of becoming a member of their group, they were much more likely to support violence against that person. This was shown by interviewing the students in regards to whether they believed that people were “born evil but learn to become good”...
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...occur in nature or in traditional cross breeding (“Non GMO Project”). Obesity, chronic disease, and food allergies have skyrocketed in the United States over the past two decades. Many people think it is due to poor eating and exercise habits. While a portion of this may be true, the more logical explanation is the fact that corporations have altered the food supply in a way that is harmful to the human body. GMO crops adversely affect human health. Numerous studies have been done recently and even more are currently being conducted around the globe. These studies illustrate the correlation between the introduction of GMOs into the food supply and the increase in health issues. This is such an important issue to literally every human being on the planet. Not all countries are addressing the issue in the same manner. It is crucial to know what the United States is doing as compared to other industrialized nations around the world. There were several reasons that corporations began altering the DNA of seeds. One of those reasons was that GMOs were supposed to reduce the amount of pesticides necessary to keep weeds under control. The GMO seeds were produced to be Roundup Ready (RR). A Roundup Ready seed means that plants are resistant to the pesticide and the undesirable weeds are supposed to die instead. However, the result has not been as intended. Usage of pesticides has now increased because the weeds that were supposed to die have now become Super Weeds that are glyphosate-resistant...
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...Introduction Although kleptomania, the irresistible impulse to steal objects not needed for personal use or for their monetary value, is currently classified in psychiatric nomenclature as an impulse control disorder, research suggests it is, rather, a variant of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The principle effects of the theft are repetitive, unwanted intrusions of thoughts, and an inability to avoid the compulsion to perform the theft, and the relief of tension following the act (Dannon, 2002). Comparison of both disorders, their comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, and the treatment used to reduce and eliminate symptoms may have a baring on the “correct” classification. Kleptomania, listed in the DSM-IV as an impulse control disorder not elsewhere classified, is a psychiatric condition still poorly understood and subject of only a few systematic studies (Presta, Marazziti, Dell‘Osso, Pfanner, Pallanti, & Cassano, 2002). Kleptomania is characterized by the persistent impossibility to resist the drive to steal objects. Kleptomania should be distinguished from shoplifting, in which the action is usually well-planned and motivated by need or monetary gain. Often a kleptomaniac steals things he or she could have easily bought or things that are not expensive. The objects stolen are not stolen for their immediate utility or monetary value; on the contrary, the person will most likely discard them, give them away, or collect them. This behavior is usually associated with...
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...INTRODUCTION There are millions of cars on the road that are potential sources of air pollution. In a major effort to reduce vehicle emissions, carmakers have developed an interesting device called a catalytic converter, which treats the exhaust before it leaves the car and removes a lot of the pollution. In order to reduce emissions, modern cars have been designed to carefully control the amount of fuel they burn. The goal is to keep the air-to-fuel ratio very close to the "stoichiometric" point, which is the calculated ideal ratio of air to fuel. Theoretically, at this ratio, all of the fuel will be burned using all of the oxygen in the air. [For petrol, the stoichiometric ratio is about 14.7 to 1, meaning that for each pound of fuel, 14.7 pounds of air will be burned. The fuel mixture actually varies from the ideal ratio quite a bit during driving. Sometimes the mixture can be "lean" (an air-to-fuel ratio higher than 14.7); and other times the mixture can be "rich" (an air-to-fuel ratio lower than 14.7).] Most modern cars are equipped with three-way catalytic converters. "Three-way" refers to the three regulated emissions it helps to reduce - carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide molecules. The converter uses two different types of catalysts, a reduction catalyst and an oxidization catalyst. Both types consist of a ceramic structure coated with a metal catalyst, usually platinum, rhodium and/or palladium. The idea is to create a structure...
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...can take full advantage of this exposure to their career choice. Although the practicum is a unique exposure for a student and one can gain invaluable experience this article wants to focus on the impact that one's supervisor plays in the benefit of the practicum. Trepal et al. (2010) identifies that “extant research examining perceptions of the effects of supervision on development as counselors is scant” (p.29). Therefore this articles' impact seems crucial to the understanding how best to develop counselors in training. The authors seem to want to prove the hypothesis that good supervision is need for the maximum development of counselors. The article also spends time explaining and putting emphasis on critical incident technique as necessary part of the practicum experience that the supervisor is to provide. These incidents are seen as “self-awareness, professional development, competency, and personal issues affecting counseling” (Trepal, Bailie, & Leeth, 2010, p.30). These are factors that all effect the amount of effectiveness of the practicum experience. The article was able to highlight positive and negative themes a practicum exposes their supervisee's to. It was able to isolate feedback,...
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...Hemp: A Truly Green Solution By Dave Evans One of the biggest and longest-running debates amongst the people of the United States has been related to marijuana. In the eyes of some, the plant is a harmful drug that belongs on the controlled substances list, being responsible for not only general teenage laziness and apathy, but also found in correlation with car accidents and deaths across the nation. To others, the plant is as sane a recreational substance as alcohol, made illegal due to political leaders’ interests in the lumber industry, and also a taxable commodity that can add exponential revenue to our economy. The outlawed drug is finding its way into hospitals and head shops in numerous states, some citing medicinal purposes, while others continue pushing for blanket legalization of the substance. However, catching a buzz isn’t the only thing the cannabis sativa plant has to offer our economy. According to the North American Industrial Hemp Council, hemp, the natural fiber product of the cannabis sativa plant, is a renewable and eco-friendly crop. It grows quickly, and doesn’t need herbicides or pesticides to develop. Hemp is not psychoactive; that is, you can’t get high off of it. The NAIHC cites that in order to induce even mild intoxication from hemp, one would have to ingest an amount equal to 2 or 3 doses of a high-fiber laxative. However, the United States remains to be the only industrialized nation in which growing industrial hemp is illegal, as are all...
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...Grading Summary These are the automatically computed results of your exam. Grades for essay questions, and comments from your instructor, are in the "Details" section below. | Date Taken: | 6/21/2012 | Time Spent: | 1 h , 39 min , 37 secs | Points Received: | 200 / 250 (80%) | | Question Type: | # Of Questions: | # Correct: | Multiple Choice | 10 | 8 | Essay | 6 | N/A | | | Grade Details - All Questions | Page: | 1 2 | 1. | Question : | (TCO E) Suggested reasons why many customer satisfaction efforts fail include all of the following EXCEPT: | | | Student Answer: | using poor satisfaction measurement schemes | | | failing to weight quality dimensions equally | | | confusing loyalty with satisfaction | | | failing to identify appropriate quality dimensions | | | | Comments: | Chapter 5 page 194 | | | 2. | Question : | (TCO D) The Six-Sigma problem solving approach contains the phases of: | | | Student Answer: | define, measure, analyze, improve, and control. | | | detect, measure, analyze, implement, and control. | | | define, monitor, analyze, improve, and confirm. | | | define, monitor, analyze, implement, and control. | | | | Comments: | | | | 3. | Question : | (TCO C) Terms such as “kanban”, “single minute exchange of dies”, and “visual controls” are most closely associated with: | | | Student Answer: | lean production. | | | DMAIC...
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...question : You are at a basketball game and the arena is packed; the crowd is evenly split between fans of the two teams. At one point, the referee makes a call. Half of the fans yell insults; the other half of the fans shout their approval. The event reminds you of the topic of today's lecture in psychology class. What was the likely topic of the lecture? Student Answer: * bias experiments psychoanalysis extraneous variables Instructor Explanation: Chapter 1 page 4 The fans are showing bias and this is an important issue. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 2. Question : The school of behaviorism attempted to explain behavior by studying Student Answer: the reasons people give for their behaviors. the specific personality traits that lead to behavior. * how a specific stimulus evokes a specific response. the purposes of people's behavior. Instructor Explanation: Chapter 1 page 11 This relationship, called a stimulus-response association, is one of the major foundations of behaviorism. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 3. Question : Who claimed that behavior is affected by reinforcement? Student Answer: William James Sigmund Freud * B. F. Skinner Wilhelm Wundt Instructor Explanation: Chapter 1 page 12-13 Skinner believed that behavior that is followed by...
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...Andrew Tran NUFS 163 Critical Analysis #1 In the article “Egg yolk consumption and carotid plaque,” a study is done to determine the effects of consumption of egg yolks on plaque buildup in the arteries and whether it is significantly harmful or not. The study claims high consumptions of egg yolk should be avoided by persons at risk of cardiovascular disease. In the study, there were 2831 patients who responded with data on their egg yolk consumption. The data was taken from a vascular prevention clinic where it included any patient who visited the clinic, and excluded patients who did not give consent or did not give information on necessary data. This resulted in a study of 1231 patients, with 47% of the patients being women. For the study, plaque was identified on both sides of the carotid artery and measured longitudinally in the plane it was largest. The plaque in the common, external, and internal carotid artery was traced with a cursor to measure the perimeter of each plaque, with the sum of the three plaque areas being the TPA. To determine a score of egg-yolk years, the number of eggs per week was multiplied by the number of years. Since the study included smokers, the design was split into groups of zero pack-years, between zero and ten pack-years, and so on. The carotid plaque area was then observed with respect to egg-yolk years to determine the effects of egg yolk on carotid plaque area. The result of the study showed carotid atherosclerotic plaque area increased...
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...confidentially. Without the trust placed in the organization by the clients, the organization will cease to exist. As such, every employee should consider their daily actions and the correlation of those actions to the trust placed in the company by the clients. Just as “Employee Smith” would safeguard his home computer against a malware attack, so should he protect the company’s computer from a malware attack. The following will outline the acceptable use of Cooley’s assets regarding Internet and email access and the actions that are prohibited. Cooley Investment’s computers, computer files, e-mail system, Internet access and any software furnished to employees are company property and subject to monitoring and unannounced review. They are to be used for company business only, and not for excessive personal use to communicate with friends or family or to access the Internet for personal purposes. While use of the computer, e-mail and Internet is intended for job-related activities, incidental and occasional brief personal use is permitted within reasonable limits so long as it does not interfere with the employee's work. The company specifically prohibits the use of computers (including Internet access) and the e-mail system in ways that are disruptive, offensive to others or harmful to morale, including sexually explicit messages, images and cartoons, ethnic slurs, racial comments, off-color jokes or anything that could be construed as harassment or shows disrespect...
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...Introduction to Psychology - 1010 6.0B Assignment Instructor: Dr. Rebecca Jubis Due Date: Friday, July 12 by 5:00pm Name: Danielle Jackson Student Number: 207457724 1A) Utilizing the experimental method of research to test the effects of caffeine on memory, one must first establish a hypothesis. For this experiment, the hypothesis would simply state; that if a person consumes 2 cups of a caffeinated beverage over the course of 3 hours then their recall of information, learned earlier that day, will be faster and more accurate on a short answer test. The independent variable in this experiment would be the caffeine as it is the factor that is being manipulated and examined to see if it has any effect on a participant’s memory. The dependent variable in this experiment would be memory or specifically the participant’s ability to recall information as it may change as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable of caffeine. To begin the experiment, participants will be randomly assigned to either the control group, the group not exposed to caffeine, or to the experimental group, the group exposed to caffeine. The control group will be given a placebo and the experimental group will be given the caffeinated beverage. The two groups will be given a short story to read and review for one hour at the beginning of the experiment. Over the course of the next hour, participants in the experimental group will be given 2 cups of a caffeinated beverage while...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTERMANCHESTER bUSINESS sCHOOL | “Double-Edged Sword”, Emotional Labour | :The examination of the extent to which emotional labour is harmful for workers | | | BMAN31430: Human Resource ManagementCourse Coordinator: Dr. Isabel Tavora799264112TH NOV 2013 | This paper aims to explore fundamental concept of emotional labour, based on the empirical case studies in order to attempt to answer the question, “Is emotional labour really harmful for workers?”, and also investigate the contradictory claim that it is not harmful, including the practical recommendations for problematic emotional labour. | CONTENTS 1. Introduction………..………………………………….…..…… 2 2. Emotional Labour……….…………….…………….………… 3 Surface Acting………….………………………………………………….….……. 3 Deep Acting……………………………………………………………………….... 4 3. Is Emotional Labour Really Harmful for Workers?................ 5 4. Does Emotional Labour Positively Affect Employees?............. 7 5. Recommendations for Problematic Emotional Labour.............8 Creating ‘Downtime’………………………….…………………………….......... 8 Calming Strategies………………………………………………………………... 9 Cognitive Restructuring…………………………………………………………... 9 6. Conclusion…………………………………….……………….. 10 7. References….………………………………….……………….. 11 1. Introduction “Every time you see a guest, smile and offer an appropriate hospitality comment. Speak to every guest in a friendly, enthusiastic and courteous...
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