...The group in society I have decided to focus on for this internal are teenage girls/young women and how they are represented as sexualised/beautified to market a product to a viewer. Also how they are shown as promiscuous, beauty driven people who are obsessed with achieving physical “perfection” based on their favourite celebrities throughout the media. The three media texts I have chosen that I think best portray the idea of teenage girls and how they strive to be physically perfect are; the film ‘The House Bunny’ , the television show ‘Gossip Girl’ and the magazine ‘Cosmopolitan’. (Mainly the cover) My first example is the television series ‘Gossip Girl’ The first image is a photo from the March 2011 Cosmopolitan magazine of Blake Lively portraying her character Serena Van Der Woodsen in the T.V series ‘Gossip Girl’. Serena has been styled based on her character, beautiful and desirable (mostly due to her wealth and social status in the show). She has been dressed in entirely white, surrounded in a completely white background, this allows her skin to be the main aspect of focus, and it portrays perfectskin and skinniness. Most girls who see this aspire to imitate these images and may inspire feelings of failure when they do not achieve the exact image. Her lips in the picture are pouting making her look sexy and draws attention to her lips by also making them look glossy and shiny. Her face has been ‘retouched’ (or photoshoped) giving her a look of perfection and...
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...There were some ‘advancements’—including women of different races and some women that were not absolutely perfect—but the majority of ads in the magazine still presented women as sexual objects needing to buy products in order to gain the attention of men. In comparison, the March 2015 issue of Maxim, a men’s magazine, was not very different in regards to what their ads said about gender stereotypes. Maxim did include more races in their ads, but their depiction of women was more sexual than in Cosmopolitan. Ad sixteen, promoting Armani watches, features a white male with crossed arms, which the cover lower half of his face. The crossed arms signal a defensive stance, which enforces the male stereotype of being physical power and masculine. The tattoo on the model’s left arm reads “Boldness,” which can connect to the gender stereotype of men being brave and loud, as opposed to women being demure and...
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...explored a variety of different scholarly articles in the goal of gaining relevant knowledge that would contribute to the overall topic of my research paper. First, I used Jennifer Holt’s “Ideal Women”, which focuses on the gendered stereotype of women during the 1950’s. Holt discusses the role of a women at this time as a “domestic caregiver” and how women held responsibility within the home and childcare. the article additionally, focuses on the idea of gender construction and how societies key role in this process. Holt follows this up by saying how these gender constructions often times leads to formulate an identity. In the later half of the article holt discusses...
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...Lecture 1: Introducing Culture and Globalization Globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of the world (interconnectivity) Culture: shared ways of understanding and doing things (conceptual lense) and is socially constructed, hence changeable Culture Core question of course: does increasing globalization lead to the spread of new global cultures (more cultural sameness) or to more cultural differences? Globalization increases cultural similarities and differences the four main characteristics of globalization ~ Cochrane and Pain 1. stretched social relations, 2. intensification of flows, 3. increasing interpenetration of cultures, 4. an development of global infrastructure Globalization is driven by modern science, capitalism, and industrialism The four power players in globalization (‘nation states’, ‘military’, ‘division of labour’, and ‘capitalism’) ~Giddens Two main forms of culture contact: hybridization and differentiation Globalization involves reflexivity, i.e. ‘old certainties’ disappear Reflexivity is the idea that both individuals and society are defined not just by themselves, but also in relation to each other. Therefore they must both continually redefine themselves in reaction to others and to new information Lecture 2: Is There a Global Culture? • • • Power relations: having the ‘right’ to define what things are (Giddes, lecture 1) ‘Us – them’ distinctions The power relations of four groups in society: Majorities and elites are dominant...
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...ZYM Sociology of Gender and Sex Instructor BAS Gender Display in Fashion Magazines Advertisements Introduction Images in advertising that depict stereotypical gender roles and displays have long been a major concern in the field of gender studies. Before beginning research of gender display in advertisements, it is imperative to understand that advertising is a significant agent of socialization in modern industrialized societies (Kang, 1997), and is often used as a tool to maintain certain social constructions, such as gender. According to Rohlinger, the bodies in advertisements represent an ideal that individuals seek to achieve, and thus create the foundation for a masochistic relationship with one’s own body (Rohlinger, 2002). This statement is confirmed by the increasing rate of body dissatisfaction, greater weight concern, the development of eating disorders and lower self-esteem. Moreover, gender is a routine, methodical, and recurring accomplishment that actually surfaces in everyday human interaction (West and Zimmerman, 1987), and gender relations are learned through these advertisements, which essentially serve as a distorted reflection of the real world. These sexualized and stereotypical gender images are teaching the viewers a vast array of social cues, a certain way to interpret social reality, and are eventually reconstructing the definition of femininity and masculinity. Various studies have been done regarding the covert ways that magazine advertisements...
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...Examples of Meditated Culture (10/24/12) 1. Elecronic Religion -Sister Aimee 2. Pop Psychology (Jerry Springer, Dr. Phil, Dear Abby) -Jerry Springer -Dr. Phil -Dear Abby: started advice columns in newspapers. 3. Magazine Philosophy of Lifestye -Playboy -Cosmopolitan -Living 4. Comics Culture -Peanuts -Superman 5. Sports Mania -ESPN 6. Nostalgia -VH1 -I Love The 70's **NEXT WEEK** Be able to distinguish among these 3 catagories 1. 2. Powerful effects theory: the media guides our lifestyle and is used as a scapegoat for society's ills. 3. Cumulative effect: the media's effect builds up gradually over time. Cultral Terms (10/1/12) 1. Pseudo Event 2. News Comes In Two Varieties -Instant Gratification -News of Consequence 3. Kitsch (Vulgar Culture) 4. Camp (Something So Bad It's Good) Media's Effect On The Indvidual 1. What is stereotype? -A fixed image or generalization -Has a history probably forgoten over time 2. Why does the media use so many stereotypes? -Early examples of stereotypes in the movies: ~Toms, Cooks, Mulattoes, Mammies, & Bucks 3. Media use of role models and status conferral 4. Attitude Change: Is it easy to change minds? -Selective Exposure -Selective Perception -Selective Retention 5. Uncertain media side effects: The intended message is not always the one...
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...Women and Beauty Magazines by Christine Hetcher Beauty magazines, such as Cosmopolitan, Glamour, and Marie Claire, are widely read by women throughout America . What do women actually think of these magazines? Do they feel the magazines are helpful, degrading, or simply something to read? This paper is a survey interview to determine what women in their late teens and early twenties think about beauty magazines in Americatoday. The purpose of this study is to determine whether women like or dislike beauty magazines, why they like or dislike them, and how frequently women read beauty magazines. Background This section reviews the previous studies conducted on the effects of women’s magazines. Magazines specifically written for women have been in circulation for over sixty years, discussing whatever issues were relevant to women at the time (Moskowitz, 1996). Some of the earlier magazines focused on a war-time rebellion of feminism. Moskowitz (1996) conducted a study about the effects of war-time magazines and said, “Women’s magazines of the Cold War era remain symbols of antifeminism” (p. 66). Moskowitz (1996) found that many women liked the articles because many magazines discussed important issues to them, such as stress, emotionalism, and feminism (p.66). Moskowitz (1996) said, “recognition of emotional tension was common for women’s magazines” (p.67). This recognition “presented a whole new genre of articles that gave housewives the freedom...
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...contrast the ideas expressed in the two texts. To what extent do these texts show that national and cultural stereotypes are no longer a useful way of examining the human condition and economic activity? Choose an element in the texts which you find interesting and explain your reaction to it by giving examples from your own experience. It is commonly regarded that globalization is a world trend today, thus national and cultural stereotypes are drawing attention. Before reading, the definition of stereotype should be clarified. Stereotypes are traits but different from the country, language, culture and other factors. Furthermore, stereotype is ‘a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing’ (Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press, 2014). This essay will compare and contrast the ideas from two articles named ‘Intercultural communication for sale’ (Piller, 2011) and ‘East meets West: How the brains unites us all’ (Yong, 2009), then consider whether stereotypes are useful to examine people’s mind and business activities. It is shown in two texts that national stereotype is a common topic that both Piller and Yong discussed in their articles. Yong (2009) refers to stereotypes that easterners have a holistic world view, while westerners tend to think more analytically. Piller (2011) uses the ideas of stereotypes and shows how they can be exploited to help sell products. Moreover, both Piller and Yong have mentioned or...
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...“The literal migration of southern Blacks to the North also symbolized a mental shift, changing the previous image of the rural, uneducated AfricanAmerican to one of urban, cosmopolitan sophistication.” (Ritchie,Sarah. New Errands: The Undergraduate Journal of American Studies, Oct. 2013 (https://journals.psu.edu/ne/article/view/59132 ). This thriving neighborhood was well and truly a living thing, the footfalls and music of its people thrummed like a heartbeat, and its face was that of everyone of its residents. The nightlife buzzed to the songs of many such as Duke Ellington, and this thriving place was loved by its people and many figureheads of the movement such as W.E.B Du Bois. “As we crossed Blackwell’s Island a limousine passed us, driven by a white chauffeur, in which sat three modish negros, two bucks and a girl.” (Fitzgerald, 69). The cultural shift caused what seemed to be a mirror effect on the American...
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...A set of parentheses are typically used in writing in order to set off incidental information. An example can be exhibited in Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood when describing Perry where Capote writes, “(Actually, he was very intelligent. An I.Q. test taken in prison gave him a rating of 130; the average subject, in prison or out, scores between 90 and 110.)”. Although parentheses are typically seen as containing less important information, the words that these symbols envelope still have enough significant value to be notified to the reader, even if it is portrayed like a side note. The placement of this parenthetical sentence is important to take note of, as Capote placed it after painting the stereotypical picture of a foolish, mentally unintelligent,...
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...art of black americans. Many intelligent successful authors were found during the Harlem Renaissance, among these writers were Langston Hughes, Wallace Thurman, and Zora Neal Hurston. The harlem renaissance brought along many changes in how whites viewed blacks. The image of a stereotypical black was created by the theater. The theater showed them as childish and ignorant. In blackface minstrel shows blacks had enormous lips and a dark face. It was hard for whites to think anything different than the imagery and stereotypes made in the theater. The Harlem Renaissance was successful in that it showed the true culture and struggles blacks.. Not only did it do this through an in culture, but also on a sociological level. The importance of the Harlem Renaissance is that it entirely changed how America, viewed African-Americans. The migration of southern Blacks to the north changed the image of the African-American from rural, undereducated peasants to one of urban, cosmopolitan sophistication. This new identity led to a greater social consciousness, and African-Americans became players on the world stage, expanding. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902. He lived with his grandmother until it was arranged he would go live with his mother in Illinois. While living in Lincoln, Illinois he first started writing poems. After graduating high school he spent a year in Mexico, and then attended Columbia University in New York City. While going to college he held jobs like being...
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...SOC 322 All Discussions Forum Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/soc-322-discussions-forum/ Discussion Forum 1 Discussion Forum 1: What is your cultural background, and what is it like where you live? In Discussion Forum 1, post your response to the following discussion questions. Reply to at least two classmates’ responses by the date indicated in the course Calendar. 1. What is your cultural background, and what is it like where you live? 2. Describe how you have encountered the strange in the familiar in your own neighborhood or in some other place and what reference groups do people use in your neighborhood to define what is culturally and socially appropriate habitus? 3. In your neighborhood, are there ways that the people create social distance to separate themselves from others unlike them even to the point of being ethnocentric? CO1, CO7 Discussion Forum 2 Discussion Forum 2: Cultural Experiences In Discussion Forum 2, post your response to the following discussion question. Reply to at least two classmates’ responses by the date indicated in the course Calendar. Using a blend of your own experiences, supported by your understanding of the course readings and key terms integrate the following questions into your discussion board posting. It should be three strong paragraphs of 4 – 5 sentences in each paragraph. Then respond to at least two colleagues with an antithesis question on their posting. 4. Culture defines social roles...
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...Marketing mix for Blackberry Marketing aspect Blackberry Inc. Basic customer need A mobile telephone with a built in camera; able to store music, pictures and videos; can download applications and use the internet; a music storage device which can be used on the move. Blackberry is very popular with the BBM service which allows the user to talk to friends, family or co-workers whether they are in the same country or not. Target Market Huge worldwide market with target consumers for all ages but at some point it was appointed to business professionals only. They were not priced or developed for the everyday cellular user. The blackberry 8900 is still primarily targeted to the business professionals; the phone comes preloaded with the mobile trial version of Microsoft office and now gives the ability to edit documents directly on your cell phone. People who like to stay connected to the internet all the time can do that with a certain data. Products A convergence of technologies e.g. a blackberry has a mobile phone, BBM service and internet surfing capabilities. - Blackberry Bold. - Blackberry torch. - Blackberry porch design. - Blackberry curve. - Blackberry black pad. Products have different flavors in respect to color and hardware specification is directly lined with price. Price Blackberry has strategically placed smartphones in all price ranges, as well as with different features to suit different needs. They have given the option to choose from...
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...stupid and evil people doing stupid and evil things. And this idea is nicely summarized by the British critic William Hazlitt, who wrote, “Prejudice is the child of ignorance.” But, I think this is mistaken. I want to try to convince you that prejudice and bias are natural, they’re often rational, and they’re often even moral. And I think that once we understand this, we’re in a better position to make sense of them when they go wrong, when they have horrible consequences, and we’re in a better position to know what to do when this happens. Start with stereotypes. You may look at me, you know my name, you know some certain facts about me, and you can make some certain judgments. You could make guesses about my ethnicity, me religious beliefs, my hobby. And the thing is, these judgments tend to be accurate. We’re very good at this sort of thing. And we’re very good at this sort of things because our ability to stereotype people is not some sort of arbitrary quirk of the mind, but rather it’s a specific instance of a more general process, which is that we have experience with things and people in the world that fall into categories, and we can use our experience to make generalizations about novel instances of these categories. So everybody has a lot of experience with chairs, apples and dogs. And based on this, when you see some unfamiliar examples, you could guess you could sit on that chair, you can eat that apple, the dog will bark. Now, we might be wrong. The chair could...
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...Диссон 1. Why do you purchase goods and services from international suppliers. Probably because you are attracted by their design, quality, reputation, pricing or availability. Your views will have been influenced by, for example, friends, family, the Internet, advertising on TV or in the press, or the sales person in the retail store where you shopped. The role of personal selling is also very important in the business to business market. 2. Needs relate to the basic requirements. Needs to survive include food, water, shelter. Our wants are the wide range of products and services which we desire for whatever reasons. Customers buy products because the item is functional (buying things for what they do, TV for watch TV), symbolic ( buying things for what they mean, souvenirs ) or experiential ( obtaining value form the transaction experience itself). 3. International marketing is about the application of marketing skills and techniques with variations, because of the environmental differences which will be encountered. The variation likely to occur because of human managerial abilities or the influence of the broader political, social, economic and technological, competitive environments. 4. Exporting a consignment of goods to an international customer involves transportation, packaging , labeling, documentation, adherence to relevant technical standards, insurance and payment. But it doesn`t involve the company in marketing achieves. International marketing adopt...
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