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Cost Accounting Review Questions
Chapter1
1.在大学里谁是会计信息的使用者?不同的使用者需要信息的目的是什么?他们使用的方式和私人企业使用会计信息的方式有所不同嘛?
使用者:
学生: 决定是否要去这所学校
其他学校: 如何竞争
雇员: 是否要继续在该学校任职
政府机关: 评估
当地机构: 决定是否允许该学校继续扩张活动
供应商: 是否继续供应
资金提供者: 是否继续提供资金
校董事会:评估学校运营的质量,是否需要改进

根本上学校和私营企业的对信息的使用是类似的。

2.管理会计被定义为管理的视觉和听觉。谈谈这句话的引申
大多数的公司运营对管理者来说都很庞大复杂从而没办法很直观的观测和估计运营的状况是否按照既定的计划进行。管理者需要各方面信息来帮助管理控制。管理会计的报告提供了这样的信息。这些报告使得公司的状况可以被看见和听见,所以叫管理者的耳目。

3.如果你是一个正要发布一个新服务的经理,什么养的财务信息是你所需要来帮助你做出决定的呢? * 这项服务的成本以及利润率 * 所需要投入的资本 * 这项服务所能给公司带来的财务增加

4.有人说,会计信息应该要容易被理解,一些经理的会计很差,所以我们要给他们提供尽可能简化了的信息,你觉得它说的对么
不可否认要让报告容易理解是一个会计师的职责所在,会计和非会计人员的沟通也是会计是的重要使命,这点不应该被忽视。但同时,会计信息不可能永远显得易于理解,可以让没有会计知识的人一目了然。对于非会计的经理人员来说学习一些会计只是也是他们的职责所在。

Chapter2 1. 关于某一个决定的成本信息必须有两个特点,他们是?
他们是1,他们必须于决策以及决策的目的相关联,很多情况下公司只关注影响收入的信息,导致与收入无关的信息都成为不相干的信息,但是其实收入并不是唯一的目的。2,他们必须与其他正在被考虑的选择不同,也就是说一个其他的决策所产生的成果是于这个决策不相干的。(这句翻不清楚)

2. 请区分沉没成本和机会成本
沉没成本是一个过去的成本,也就是说是一个已经发生了的与现在要做的决策不相关的成本。举个栗子,一个在库存中已经购入的物品的成本就是一个沉默成本,因为不论做出怎么样的决策,都不能改变这个成本依然存在的既定事实。
机会成本是一个在考虑做出决定后其次优决定所带来的收益。再举个栗子,使用一小时工人的时间做A工作,而其实它如果不做A工作也可用着一个小时做B工作,B工作的收益就是A工作的机会成本。

3. 定义“成本”在管理成本中的意思
The amount of resources, usually measured in monetary terms, sacrificed to achieve a particular objective.

4. “committed cost”是什么意思?它是怎么出现的?
承诺成本就是一个过去的不可撤销的决策里在现在发生的成本。这可能是因为捆绑合同造成的。栗子是,比如租借了一个为期两年的住处。所以这其实是一个过去的成本即使支付是在现在或者未来发生的。而且承诺成本不应该是一个相关成本。

Chapter3
1.定义固定成本和可变成本,解释如何使用
这个再不懂也就别看下去了,洗洗睡吧

2.什么事BEP,怎么算?为什么要算BEP
好吧其实这个不懂也不用看下去,但还是简单讲一下吧。
就是盈亏平衡点,测算要卖多少商品才能够让收支平衡,能够利润能够覆盖全部的固定成本。一般我们用BEP和我们预估的销量进行比较,来估计风险和盈利能力

3.当我们说某个商业活动有很高的operating gearing的时候我们是指什么意思?
Operating gearing 是指固定成本和可变成本在整体成本中的比例。如果固定成本较多比例,那么就是有一个高的operating gearing。
一般来说,高的传动成本是指,生产需要大量机械自动化,而这种行业同时也有高的折旧率和维护费用,因为也就产生较低的可变成本。

4.如果有非常稀有的资源导致我们需要限制销售量,我们怎样才能够最大化利润,请细说。

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