...1.0 ABSTRACT Managerial Accounting is tools for business decision making. The use of management accounting information is a key for organizational success. This essay will explain on the importance of managerial accounting process in organization to successfully carrying out the day to day as well as long term activities and goals. First, it describes how the evolution and change in managerial accounting. Second, the essay looks at the role of managerial accountants. Third, it explains several function of managerial accounting that tend to contribute the adds value to organization. 2.0 INTRODUCTION According to the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants ( CIMA ), Management Accounting is defined as the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information for both financial and operating used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an organization and to assure use of and accountability for its resources. The Institute of Management Accountants ( IMA ) defined Management Accounting is a profession that involves partnering in management decision making, devising planning and performance management system and providing expertise in financial reporting and control to assist management in the formulation and implementation of an organization’s strategy. Managerial accounting applies to all types of business such as service, merchandise and manufacturing. It also applies to all forms...
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...Management Accounting | 15 Management Accounting and Decision-Making Management accounting writers tend to present management accounting as a loosely connected set of decision‑making tools. Although the various textbooks on management accounting make no attempt to develop an integrated theory, there is a high degree of consistency and standardization in methodology of presentation. In this chapter, the concepts and assumptions which form the basis of management accounting will be formulated in a comprehensive management accounting decision model. The formulation of theory in terms of conceptual models is a common practice. Virtually all textbooks in business administration use some type of conceptual framework or model to integrate the fundamentals being presented. In economic theory, there are conceptual models of the firm, markets, and the economy. In management courses, there are models of organizational structure and managerial functions. In marketing, there are models of marketing decision‑making and channels of distribution. Even in financial accounting, models of financial statements are used as a framework for teaching the fundamentals of basic financial accounting. The model, A = L + C, is very effective in conveying an understanding of accounting. Management accounting texts are based on a very specific model of the business enterprise. For example, all texts assume that the business which is likely to use management accounting is a manufacturing business. Also,...
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...This project has focused to achieve three objectives which are mentioned at objectives part. Findings of these objectives have described on three different chapters respectively. Directors of Jessop ltd wants to know how a management accountant can contribute on Jessop’s continuous growth. I find on my study strategic management is very likely forward looking not like traditional cost accounting. Strategic management accounting is considering external factors like competitors and management accounting contributes not only strategy developing also critically evaluates the current strategy of any organisation. In addition, management accountant can assist to control costs by implementing activity based costing methods, offer competitive pricing, budgeting process etc. Also, by applying benchmarking process, management accountant can discover strengths and weakness of Jessop ltd and way to overcome these weaknesses and keep their steady growth by exploiting all strengths. In the second chapter of this study has described various types of relevant and irrelevant cost as well as tells which costs should management of Jessop be included on total cost calculation and why should not consider. Overall impacts of relevant and irrelevant costs (revenue) on decision making has depicted on that chapter in brief form. Focal point of final chapter is on how Jessop will be beneficiary by successful implementation of activity based costing (ABC) and various problems of execution of ABC which may...
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...Qualification structure and syllabus CIMA Chartered Management Accounting Qualification 2010 December 2008 Contents CIMA now designs its qualifications in what we believe to be a unique way. Based on rigorous international primary research with all of our key stakeholders and involving the participation of over 6,000 individuals and organisations – members, students, employers (both existing and potential), CIMA tuition partners, universities and our examiner and marker team – we have designed a professional finance training and development solution that is second to none. I commend this revised CIMA Professional Qualification to you. It will be examined for the first time in 2010, so there is plenty of time to absorb the exciting changes contained in the pages that follow. A qualification focused on the future – fit for purpose, relevant and unique I am honoured to introduce the new 2010 Chartered Management Accounting Qualification to all of our stakeholders. With seismic shifts occurring in the world’s economy, coupled with accelerating concerns about the sustainability of our planet, never before has there been a greater need for organisations to train and develop their people to manage the impact of these changes. With this revised qualification CIMA remains true to its long and proud history of providing finance professionals with a difference – Chartered Management Accountants – who combine management and finance skills in a unique way and who fully understand...
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...University of St. Marks and St. Johns MBA 621 Financial and Managerial Accounting Assignment 2: “Budgeting” Students Name: Md. Bazlul Karim Students ID: R1404D113105 Contents Introduction: 3 Question-1 3 Budgeting: 3 Strategic Planning: 3 Differences among Long Range Planning, Strategic Planning and Budgeting 4 Is Budgeted performance better than past performance as a basis for judging actual results? 4 The benefits of budgeting: 4 Is budgeting an unnecessary burden for day to day problems? 4 Sales forecasting: 5 Spreadsheets as an aid in the application of sensitivity analysis: 5 Question-2 6 Comments about budget: 6 1. Sales Budget: 7 2. Cash Budget: 7 3. Debtors Budget: 8 4. Creditors Budget: 8 5. Production Cost Budget: 9 6. Raw Materials and finished goods Budget: 9 7. Profit and Loss Account Budget 10 8. Balance Sheet Budget 10 Conclusion: 11 References: 13 Introduction: Budgeting is a process that is necessary not only for planning but also for controlling. It plays a major role in the management of any organization. Basically, budgeting is the key point of planning. And without budget, controlling of an organization is not possible. This assignment is emphasized different important tools regarding budgeting. And lastly a budget is given. Question-1 Budgeting: Budgeting is a process that is necessary not only for planning but also for controlling. Basically budgeting is an expression with quantitative numbers...
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...Performance Management” Prepared By MD. MOSHIUR RAHMAN MBA from Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK Uploaded on: 02/06/2013 Abstract The assignment on financial performance management has been done based on the information and requirements of course outlines. The contents cover the important information about the financial sourcing and risk management that measures financial performance of an organization. Here it is given that liquidity and stability are central to the survival of organisations; this unit examines the importance of financial resourcing on an organisation’s performance. The business environment and business activities are subject to risk and uncertainty and students will examine how risk and uncertainty can be factored in to financial management to ensure problems are accounted for and minimised. This report shows how to assess the financial state of a business using the requisite tools and how to interpret the results to gain a better understanding of the business’ financial performance in order to decide how its financial resources could be managed better. Table of Contents | Pages | Introduction: | | 1.1 Examine the need for financial resources within a strategic plan | | 1.2 Appraise methods by which financial resources are allocated, managed and controlled | | 1.3 Critically evaluate the impact of financial resource decision making on business strategy | | 2.1 Critically evaluate how alternative strategic investment...
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...JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING RESEARCH Volume Fifteen 2003 pp. 95–116 Practice Developments in Budgeting: An Overview and Research Perspective Stephen C. Hansen The George Washington University David T. Otley Lancaster University Wim A. Van der Stede University of Southern California Abstract: Practitioners in Europe and the U.S. recently have proposed two distinct approaches to address what they believe are shortcomings of traditional budgeting practices. One approach advocates improving the budgeting process and primarily focuses on the planning problems with budgeting. The other advocates abandoning the budget and primarily focuses on the performance evaluation problems with budgeting. This paper provides an overview and research perspective on these two recent developments. We discuss why practitioners have become dissatisfied with budgets, describe the two distinct approaches, place them in a research context, suggest insights that may aid the practitioners, and use the practitioner perspectives to identify fruitful areas for research. INTRODUCTION udgeting is the cornerstone of the management control process in nearly all organizations, but despite its widespread use, it is far from perfect.1 Practitioners express concerns about using budgets for planning and performance evaluation. The practitioners argue that budgets impede the allocation of organizational resources to their best uses and encourage myopic decision making and other dysfunctional budget games. They...
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...are many definitions of management accounting, this paper will stick with the definition formulated according to the American Accounting Association. It defines accounting as a process of providing both financial and non-financial to decision makers. The varying nature of business characteristics implies that also techniques used in managerial accounting for each business differ as the business grows. During start up the business rely on capital investment and budgeting techniques. A mature business relies upon quality control and cost management. Techniques used ultimately assist the business to achieve its long-term and short-term aims via efficient decision-making. The objective of this paper is to study each concept available in the accounting definition and provide a framework needed for deep understanding of aspects and issues involved in the process of accounting. The paper will have two part. The first part will look at the first aspect that is to define managerial accounting and look at its role, techniques and ethical issues facing managerial accountant. We will also highlight the role of a managerial accountant. In the second part, three topics will be covered. The three topics are; cost investment techniques, budgeting, and quality control. In the selected topics, real-world cases will be presented in relation to how they relate to managerial accounting techniques. Managerial accounting is defined as process involving preparation of management accounts and reports so...
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...Mälardalen University School of Sustainable Development Of Society And Technology EFO705-Master thesis BUDGETARY AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL PROCESS IN A MANUFACTURING: CASE OF GUINNESS NIGERIAN PLC. BY: AMALOKWU OBIAJULUM JOHN LAWRENCE NJILEFACK NGOASONG ABSTRACT Date Level Authors : : : June, 2008. Master Thesis EF0705, 10 points (15credits) Amalokwu Obiajulum John (820821) Lawrence Njilefack Ngoasong (770901) Title : Budgetary and Management control Process in a Manufacturing Organization. Roland Almqvist. What is the budgeting practice in the Nigerian Manufacturing companies? The aim of this study is to investigate the management control practice (budget being the tool for management control) in Guinness Nigeria Plc and to suggest what seems to us the most appropriate practice based on findings from literatures and empirics Supervisor: Problem Purpose : : Method : The study was described based on a qualitative approach. Furthermore, we described why we chose the company, sources of literature, techniques employed in data collection (primary data), research purpose, data analysis as well as critiques to the method use. Conclusion : The Integration of strategic Management and Budgeting enhances competitiveness which when attained is translated as high performance. Keywords : Management Control, Budgeting, strategy, High performance and Competitive advantage. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly we give thanks to God Almighty for the strength to work on...
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...Cost & Management Accounting Reporting System -Necessity, Role & Control Framework: An Analysis Management & Cost Accounting Reporting Systems are interwoven in the management processes of all well managed organizations across the globe. The necessity of such reporting systems is going to increase in future as the market-place become highly competitive and organization functions become more complicated and inter-twined. This fact also brings to fore the necessity of a common control framework to monitor this system so that it can contribute effectively and efficiently to the pre-determined organizational goals. What is Cost & Management Accounting Reporting Systems? Cost Accounting Reporting System deals with the process of tracking, measuring, recording and classifying the appropriate allocation of expenditure (financial and non-financial) for the determination of the cost of product or service in an organization and for the presentation of suitably arranged data for the purpose of control and guidance of management ( Horngren et al, 2010). Costs are measured in terms of Direct Costs, Indirect Costs and Overhead / Absorbed Costs. Managers use cost accounting to support decision making to reduce a company's costs of products and services and improve its profitability. Management Accounting Reporting System is concerned with the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of financial and non-financial...
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...Management, Control & Accountability for Financial Resources INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to identify the information needs of the internal and external stakeholders in a manufacturing concern and how they can be met. All stakeholders of a firm require different types of information to help them in the decision making process. The top management which comprises of the Chief executive officer and the board of director require information pertaining to the finances of the firm, the key issues of the firm and the performance of the firm to formulate the strategic policies and strategies of the firm. The middle management consisting of the marketing manager, production manager etc will require information to effectively fulfill their job responsibilities and take actions accordingly. The external stakeholders such as the shareholders have invested their hard earned money in the business and would want to be informed about how well the firm is doing and the return that they will be getting for the money that they have invested. The shareholders are usually interested in the financial reports of the firm to see how profitable and liquid the firm is and will it be able to provide dividends to them. Financial reporting is necessary for management, control and accountability purposes. It helps to assess whether the resources of the firm are being utilized in the most efficient manner and the firm is meeting its objective of generating the maximum profit. Information...
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...MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING IN A DYNAMIC BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Learning Objectives 1. Define managerial accounting and describe its role in the management process. 2. Explain four fundamental management processes that help organizations attain their goals. 3. List and describe five objectives of managerial accounting activity. 4. Explain the major differences between managerial and financial accounting. 5. Explain where managerial accountants are located in an organization, in terms of formal organization, deployment in cross-functional teams, and physical location. 6. Describe the roles of an organization's chief financial officer (CFO) or controller, treasurer, and internal auditor. 7. Briefly describe some of the major contemporary themes in managerial accounting. 8. Understand and explain the concepts of strategic cost management and the value chain. 9. Understand the ethical responsibilities of a managerial accountant. 10. Discuss the professional organizations, certification process, and ethical standards in the field of managerial accounting. Chapter Overview I. The Management Process in Organizations A. What is managerial accounting? B. Management activities 1. Decision making 2. Planning 3. Directing operational activities 4. Controlling II. How Managerial Accounting Adds Value to the Organization A. Provides information for decision making and planning ...
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...ACCG330: Strategic Management Accounting LECTURE 12 CONTROL PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN MULTINATIONAL ORGANISATIONS ACCG330 Readings: Anthony & Govindarajan (2007, pp.678-696) ACCG330 Strategic Management Accounting Session 1, 2012 Learning Objectives 1. Describe management control problems and practices in multinational corporations. 2. Explain problems and issues associated with global organisations: i. Cultural differences and their impact on management controls. ii. Transfer pricing and related issues in multinational corporations. iii. Effects of exchange rates on multinational corporations and control system design issues. ACCG330 Strategic Management Accounting Session 1, 2012 1 Nature of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) • What is a Multinational Corporation? – A corporation that owns and operates production facilities in two or more countries. OR – A corporation with power to coordinate and control operations in two or more countries without owning them. • Typically have Headquarters in the country of origin • Build or acquire affiliates or subsidiaries in other countries (the host nation) ACCG330 Strategic Management Accounting Session 1, 2012 Basic Structures of MNCs • A number of basic structures exist that permit an MNC to operate and compete internationally – Structure must meet the need of both the local market and the home-office strategy of globalization – Basic structures of MNCs: • Domestic structure plus foreign subsidiary...
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...Does management accounting play role in planning process? Fabio Frezatti a,⁎, Andson B. Aguiar a,b,1, Reinaldo Guerreiro a,2, Maria A. Gouvea a,2 a University of Sao Paulo, School of Economics, Business Administration, and Accounting, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 908, FEA3, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo City, 05508-900, State of São Paulo, Brazil b Fucape Business School, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 1358, Boa Vista, Vitória-ES, 29075-505, Brazil a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This study examines the relationship between management accounting and planning profiles in Brazilian companies. The main goal is to understand the consequences of not including a fully structured management accounting scheme in the planning process. The authors conducted a field research among medium and large-sized companies, using a probabilistic sample from a population of 2281 companies. Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and statistical cluster analysis, the authors grouped the entities' strategic budget planning processes into five profiles, after which the authors applied statistical tests to assess the five clusters. The study concludes that poor or fully implemented strategic and budget-planning processes relate to the management accounting profiles of the Brazilian organizations studied. © 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. Article history: Received 1 March 2009 Received in revised form 1 September 2009 Accepted 1 November 2009 Available online xxxx Keywords: Management accounting Strategic...
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...Investment analysis Contents 1. Be able to apply cost concepts to the decision-making process 2 2. Be able to apply forecasting techniques to obtain information for decision making 4 3. Be able to participate in the budgetary process of an organization 5 4. Be able to recommend cost reduction and management processes for an organization 7 5. Be able to use financial appraisal techniques to make strategic investment decisions for an organization 8 6. Be able to interpret financial statements for planning and decision making 10 References 12 1. Be able to apply cost concepts to the decision-making process 1.1 explain the importance of costs in the pricing strategy of an organisation The pricing strategy becomes the major element in marketing mix of Dell Computers as it is related to product positioning. When there is a planning for new product launch pricing strategy is important and it requires general sequence of stages involved during pricing the new product. The different steps are as follows: (Daft, 2011) * Developing marketing strategy – helps the company to develop marketing strategy based on market analysis, market segmentation and positioning * Marketing Mix decisions – Defining a product, distribution and its promotional tactics * Estimation of demand curve – Estimating the demand and understand how it varies from quantity wit price * Cost Calculation – Calculation of fixed cost and variable cost associated with product development * Knowledge...
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