...Economics is a social science commerce with the production and distribution of goods and services. It analyzes how resources are allocated between different uses and groups within the economy. The study of economics is divided into two areas, Microeconomics which analyzes the behavior of individual producers and consumers, focusing on the factors that influence their levels of production and consumption and the mix of goods involved. Macroeconomic analyze the economy as a whole, and deals with such topics as national income, balance of payments, overall savings and investment (Stone, G. 2008). Economics contributes to the development of policy formulation and decision-making for animal health projects and programs at multiple levels. Economic theory explains the behavior of producers and consumers, and the result of this on the price structure and on the productivity of the economy as a whole. In the livestock sector, it explains how economic factors influence producers, how they decide what and how much to produce, what prices are acceptable to them, why production is expanded or contracted, how much they invest etc. It also explains the economic factors underlying demand for livestock products, how these affect the amount and mix of products bought, and how prices are fixed in different circumstances (micro-economics). The economic position of the diverse livestock production systems can be described with collecting related information and using it as well as the data derived...
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...Jenny needs advice in making decision for her career as to be a doctor. The focus of this paper will be demand and supply of physicians in US market and it will elaborate on determinants of demand and supply of physicians with recent data analysis, price elasticity of demand and supply, construction of demand and supply graph using the recent data. Thus, based on the analysis the recommendations will be identified in regards to market of physicians in US economy. DEMAND FOR PHYSICIANS According to NBC news dated November 4th 2013, 6.27pm ET, stated that “demand for doctors will increase by 2025”. The reason for this change in demand for doctors is due to the determinants of demand. The determinants of demand are the factors that lead to changes in the demand for the doctors in the economy. A) Determinants of Demand for Physicians The factors that affect the demand for Physicians in the US market are as follows: i) Price of Physicians The fee charged by physicians determines the demand for them, as the fees increases the demand of physicians will decline. As it is noted in US economy there are high volume of medical insurance policies which help individuals to cover their medical expenses which leads to increment in the demand for physicians ii) Medical and insurance facilities According to NY Times dated, November 2014, the cost of coverage under affordable care act increased, therefore it will affect the demand for physician, and this will decline as people...
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...World Fuel Services Corporation (“The Company”) – PRISM (Singapore Office) 2011 Business Plan 1 PRIME OBJECTIVES • Expand the coverage of The Company’s Energy Risk Management business in Asia. • Enrich bunker services coverage in both the Physical Supply and Risk Management sectors. • Build up After-Sale-Services to strengthen strategic relationship with ship owners. • Form alliances with dealing room teams internally and externally to drive the strategy forward. • Increase the Revenue of the Fuel Oil Paper business by achieving USD 3mm (EBIT) in the 1st year. • Target revenue in excess of USD 10mm (EBIT) in the 2nd year. • Include straight run / feedstock / low sulphur fuel oil business into global business portfolio. • Develop bunker business for fishing fleet. • Introduce Asia model globally to enhance The Company Brand. 2 CUSTOMER ANALYSIS 2.1 TARGET CUSTOMERS IDENTIFIED Firstly, the team will focus on the Asian Customer Base in order to grow the business in this region. What follows is by no means exhaustive in terms of client coverage. The team will not only market paper products to the customer base, but will also risk manage our positions in order to maximize profits on the trading books. Key Prospective Clients Industry Region Products Traded Swaps &/or Options (Vanilla &/or Exotics) Revenue Potential $mm APL/NOL Shipping Asia Fuel oil Swaps & Vanilla options 0.4 Chellaram Shipping Shipping Asia Fuel oil Swaps & Vanilla...
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...Health Care Reform in the US Introduction Health care reform is a general term that is used for analyzing and discussing major health care changes and provisions. Most health care reforms are typically served with the responsibility of broadening the population so that they can receive adequate health care coverage through private or public insurance companies. Also they improve quality of existing health care system and decrease the cost (Weiner & Robert, 2009). The health care reform legislation act of 2009 is a bill that was enacted in USA to direct the health care insurance providers to draft and develop regulations in implementing a comprehensive policy aimed at providing effective and cheap insurance cover to all American citizens. Though beneficial to the public, since the bill was signed into law the implementation of the act has faced numerous economic, social and political challenges. In addition, the political climate is such that real challenges appear to be emerging, including legal challenges at the state level (Farber & Blustein, 2007). Finally, polls are showing that voters are not yet on board. In fact, some voters are unaware that a health care reform bill had been passed. Therefore this paper Identifies and describes the major challenges to health care reform implementation and gives an analysis of how these challenges can be resolved. Reasons and Recommendations for Health Care Reforms There is minimal question regarding the need to restructure the America's...
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...CONTENTS OUR BUSINESS PAGE 1 OUR SUPPLY CHAIN PAGE 14 OUR ENVIRONMENT PAGE 27 OUR PRODUCTS PAGE 37 OUR COLLEAGUES PAGE 44 OUR COMMUNITY INVESTMENTS PAGE 51 OUR BUSINESS H&M’s business concept is to offer our customers fashion and quality at the best price. At H&M, quality is more than making sure that products meet or exceed our customers’ expectations – it also means that these products should be manufactured under good working conditions and with limited impact on the environment. Taking responsibility for how our operations affect people and the environment is key for H&M’s continued profitability and growth. We are committed to integrating social and environmental concerns into all our business operations and investing in the communities where we work. Our 2008 sustainability report covers our activities in relation to our business operations, our supply chain, our products and how they are produced, our employees and the communities around us. This section provides an overview of our business and its impact, and how we go about integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into it. GLOBAL BRAND GLOBAL IMPACT AND REACH H&M was established in Sweden in 1947 and today sells clothes, accessories, footwear and cosmetics in more than 1,700 stores in 33 countries and via internet and catalogue sales in Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Germany and Austria. Here, we will also sell home textiles through online and catalogue sales from 2009. H&M also stands behind the brand...
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...Sector Coverage A pril 15, 2008 Indian Processed Food Industry Opportunities Galore Industry Overview Global Processed Food Industry Indian Processed Food Industry Processed Food Industry - A Sunrise sector Where the opportunity lies- areas for investment Industry Analysis Driving Forces Major Challenges Indian Food Processing Industry by sectors Diary Fruits and Vegetable Grains Meat and Poultry Fish Packaged/Convenience Food Aerated Soft Drinks, Packaged drinking water Exports FDI in Food Processing Government Regulation and support Regulatory framework Outlook Initiating Coverage Lakshmi Energy & Foods Ruchi Soya Analyst - Nisha Harchekar nishaharchekar@way2wealth.com Sectors - FMCG, Pharma, Entertainment WAY2WEALTH Securities Pvt. Ltd., 15/A Chander Mukhi, Nariman Point, Mumbai - 400 021. Tel: +91 22 4019 2900 email: research@way2wealth.com website: www.way2wealth.com Indian Processed Food Industry Sector Coverage Opportunities Galore Executive Summary The size of global processed food industry is estimated to be valued around US $3.6 trillion and accounts for three-fourth of the global food sales. Despite its large size, only 6% of processed foods are traded across borders compared to 16% of major bulk agricultural commodities. Indian food-processing industry is miniscule in comparison and is estimated to be US $40 billion and is likely to grow at over 10%, on the basis of an expected GDP growth rate of...
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...Coffee 2013: Ready for Take‐Off Overview of Coffee Trends in New Consumer Markets March 5, 2013 | Strictly private and confidential Agenda Sections I II III IV Introduction Strategic Considerations in Global Coffee Demand Regional and Country-Level Snapshots Key Points to Consider 3 7 13 22 2 4 1 Ross Colbert, Global Strategist Beverages Mr. Colbert joined Rabobank in January 2011 and is responsible for developing FAR’s research portfolio and Rabobank’s global view toward the beverage sector. Rabobank’s FAR team provides information and analysis covering all of the major sectors throughout the food chain. The seven-member FAR Beverage team is part of Rabobank’s global FAR group, which is comprised of Rabobank s approximately 70 analysts around the world. Colbert joined Rabobank following an extensive career in the beverage industry. Most recently he was Managing Director of M&A Americas for Zenith International, which is one of the world’s leading consulting, market intelligence and financial advisory firms focused on the global food and beverage industry. Prior to that, he was Managing Director and Chief Operating Officer for eight years at Beverage Marketing Corporation, which provides market intelligence and financial advisory services to the global beverage industry. Over his career he has served as an advisor to Pepsico, Coca-Cola Enterprises, Heineken, Nestle Waters, Snapple Beverages, and Seagram's as well as many independent, private beverage companies...
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...Rain for Rent Expansion Project Rain For Rent Background Rain for Rent is an international company that was founded in 1934 as a three man oilfield supply company in Bakersfield California. Since its beginning the company has grown to service all fifty states and portions of Canada. We’re a leader in liquid handling solutions, with a variety of products to include: pumps, tanks and boxes, filtration units, spill containment, jobsite safety and protection. You can find our products in several industries to include: refineries, government and municipalities, pipelines, construction, mining, environmental protection, power production, oil and gas, agriculture, manufacturing and film production. Expansion Proposal My proposal would be to expand the company’s footprint to provide our products and services worldwide. I’ve selected this project because the industries we currently serve can also be found in a number of countries around the world, I think that we’re leaders in liquid handling solutions and there’s growing market opportunities that the company can take advantage of. The initial phase of the expansion will be additional coverage in Canadian provinces, Mexico and South America. Strategy Business strategy is equated widely with crafting and maintaining a profitable fit between a commercial venture and its environment (Valentin, 2001). The primary focus of our strategy will be on our line of quality products, we are in the...
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...Universal healthcare coverage in Indonesia One year on January 2015 Written and produced by www.eiu.com/healthcare an Economist Intelligence Unit business healthcare Universal healthcare coverage in Indonesia— One year on Contents Abbreviations 5 Introduction 6 Indonesia’s version of Universal Healthcare: What is the JKN? What about the KIS? 8 Challenges with Indonesia’s version of Universal Healthcare 12 Teething problems—A short-term affair? 12 Balancing the budget—Fiscal sustainability 13 Chronic undersupply—Another barrier to providing truly comprehensive services 15 How should the healthcare industry prepare in the short to medium term? 17 Healthcare service providers: Pockets of opportunity 17 Med-tech and pharma: Spotting opportunities and tailoring product offerings 19 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2015 1 Universal healthcare coverage in Indonesia— One year on Foreword Ivy Teh, Managing Director at Clearstate, an Economist Intelligence Unit business. 2014 marked a watershed year for Indonesia, the world’s fourth populous country, with the election of the popular reformist politician, Mr. Joko Widodo, as its president. The year also saw the rollout of the long-delayed universal healthcare scheme (UHC). Indonesia intends to phase-in the world’s largest single player health care insurance program from 2014 to 2019, reaching universal coverage for all Indonesians...
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...the Colombian Coffee Market by Juan Fernando Perez Velasquez Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in System Dynamics System Dynamics Group Department of Geography University of Bergen 2010 Abstract The coffee market in Colombia is highly unstable, being more unstable in the last 20 years (since the removal of the ICO agreement). During 1980 and 1990 the coffee price was varying around 8% around a mean and over the last 20 years it has been oscillating around 15% to 20% around a mean. The coffee market presents an 8 to 11 years cycle in price and production. Coffee market is well known for its volatility and for the crisis that producers are confronting, i.e., poverty, low prices, etc. The main causes for this crisis are the characteristic behaviors of the coffee market itself, which presents price instability, resource unsustainabillity, and inequity along the commodity chain (specially for coffee growers), the same characteristics of other commodity markets. In this paper we focused on the first of the causes, price instability, and so we created a System Dynamics model of the Colombian coffee sector that captures the structure of that market, the delays and feedbacks present on it. With this research we intended to answer the following questions: Why is the Colombian coffee market so unstable in price and quantity? And what can be done to reduce the instability of that market? The model is an adaptation...
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...researchers, and organizational leaders. Today, most employers pay their workers a combination of wages and benefits, the most important of which is health coverage. This too has caused employer’s to hold back on salary increases to keep total compensation costs to cover the high cost of health insurance increases. In health care economics, the gross domestic product (GDP) is of paramount importance and in evaluation of, there is a remarkable rise in the GDP from 5.2% in the 1960’s to 16.2% in 2008, and an anticipation of 19% or more by 2019. It is based on those ongoing increases that this paper will reflect on the concepts that have impacted the world of health care economics in the US. Health Care Professionals and Understanding the Discipline of Health Economics The economics of health care methodologies for funding have continuously been changing since the 1800s. This started with the founding of the American Medical Association in 1847, which promoted scientific advancement, improved public health, and invested in the doctors and patient relationship (American Medical Association, 2012). Initially, physicians were paid for services based on a bartering system. Physicians made house call visits to patient and were given goods in term of payments or cooked food. More than 100 years after, the demand and supply shifted and health care became more...
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...too early, and the infrastructure needed to support the innovation may not yet be in place; wait too long, and the time to gain competitive advantage may have passed. The economics affects the competition, which exists with the development of technology. The improvement in health care reports economic tasks: capital for the advance change and considering the parties responsible for the cost, and expenses for the product or service it yields. One difficulty is the time-consuming speculation period necessary for different medications or therapies, which needs the food and drug administration approval. Economics, Technology and Legal The health care segment is an essential factor of the United States economy. The United States doesn’t supply health care for the nation using methods supporting the technologically globe. The (IT) information technology is the influence to succeed significant quality development. Economics In the United States, the budget affects the development relations between employment, health analysis and expenses, and economic approach...
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...a $90 billion merger. Verizon is leader in 4G LTE technology in the cell phone industry dominating the market amongst the monopolistic market with companies such as, Sprint, T-Mobile and AT&T. The drive for technological advances goes beyond thinking for today advancements; it goes beyond the concept and looks for ways in the future to build a better technology. Verizon has diversified their workforce by employee ethnicities from different nationalities on their executive board. Verizon also has a diversity of 73,800 over the nation. The revenue margin for Verizon has increased over the year in 2012 the gross profit of $75.9 million. Verizon has won many awards for technology, innovation, leadership. Corporate citizenship, diversity, and customer care. Verizon customer experience has been proved and tested to be of the best in the technology industry. Verizon provides 24/7 customer service and over 1900 kiosk and employees are trained for a minimum of 37 days of extensive training to provide the best customer service. Market Mobile phones seem to be a necessity for the new and old generation. Mobile phone customers are using this technology for various means of communications and experiences; such as photo uploading, social media, music, browsing, and networking for a more effective business. Some top competitors in the phone market with nationwide coverage are Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile. Tessler (2013), “Wireless companies are clamoring for more airwaves to...
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...MII INVESTMENT MEMO TO: FROM: SUBJECT: DATE: McIntire Investment Institute Michael Nugent, COMM 2010 Election Memo – BDX December 1, 2008 Becton, Dickinson and Company Sector: Healthcare | Industry: Medical Equipment and Supplies | NYSE: BDX Thesis: A global leader in medical devices, Becton, Dickinson and Company presents a long-term investment opportunity for the McIntire Investment Institute because of the resilience of the firm’s sales in economic downturns, the solid performance of the company driven by innovation, the boon that healthcare reform in the United States should provide, and strategic acquisitions. I. Financial Summary Share Price 11/28/08 Shares Outstanding Market Cap LT Debt P/E (forward) 52 Week Range Float Short Interest Avg Daily Volume (3m) Beta $63.53 243.57 million $15.47 billion $955.7 million 11.74 $58.14 - $93.24 241.22 million 1.12 million 1,963,240 0.73 II. Business Overview Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) manufactures and sells a host of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, and cell analysis products to healthcare institutions, clinical laboratories, and private consumers. Incorporated in New Jersey in 1906, the company is divided into the BD Medical, BD Diagnostic, and BD Bioscience product segments. BD Medical comprises the majority of the firm’s revenues and includes Medical Surgical Systems, Diabetes Care, Ophthalmic Systems, and Pharmaceutical Systems. As the secondary sales-generating division of the company, BD...
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...The US government passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in 2010. The Act was challenged in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 576. US 2012. The Supreme Court ruled that the individual mandate, which requires individual to purchase a health insurance policy providing a minimum level of coverage, unconstitutional under the Commerce Clause, but stands under taxing method. I personally view that this PPACA is constitutional under Commerce Clause. The majority opinion in the decision is delivered by Justice Roberts in the following points. The majority opinion held that the government’s theory of controlling cost-shifting by increasing supply is invalid because it gives Congress unlimited power to make decisions for individuals who choose not to do something. In Wickard v. Filburn, the court rejected the farmer’s argument that growing wheat for “home consumption was beyond the reach of the commerce power” on the ground that the “aggregate effect of similar decision will impose a substantial effect on the interstate market for wheat” (Sebelius). If we apply the same logic of buying insurance in Wickard, Congress can also order people to buy more wheat to support the price of wheat. The majority opinion argued that tt might make more sense for Congress to order people to buy more vegetables because the aggregate effect of Americans not eating a balanced diet is more significant than that of people living without health insurance...
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