...Abstract Over the past ten years, public trust in the accounting profession has been diminished due to financial scandals brought on by poor decision making, dishonesty and a move away from morals, values, and ethics. With the perception of accounting at an all-time low, there is a need to reinvent the profession. The following pages of this research paper will examine the Model of Organizational Trust, and its three elements of ability, benevolence, and integrity. The three elements will be defined and explained using support from peer-reviewed articles. The report will also discuss the ways in which the elements are incorporated in the AICPA’s Code of Professional Conduct. The elements will be examined to learn the ways in which they help to promote trust in the accounting profession and finally, suggestions will be proposed to help improve public trust in the accounting profession. Introduction An essential component every profession must possess in order to garner satisfaction and commitment from clients and customers is trust. Trust cannot be gained quickly; it is developed over time through interactions, observations, and an understanding of another’s beliefs and values (Mayer, Davis, Schoorman, 1995). However, a person’s stated beliefs do not often dictate their behavior. In pursuit of professional goals, individuals often set aside what they know to be right and act in a manner that benefits them either financially, with recognition, or in some other manner (Six...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0268-6902.htm An empirical comparison of non-Big 4 and Big 4 auditors’ perceptions of auditor independence Non-Big 4 and Big 4 auditors’ perceptions 917 Philip Law Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau Abstract Purpose – Perceived independence is one of the corner-stones in auditing theory. Despite prior research on auditor independence, the results are inconclusive. The lack of research in the Hong Kong ´ˆ auditing environment motivates this study, particularly following the Enron debacle. The purpose of this paper is to examine the non-audit services (NASs), competition, rank and types of auditors, in respect of the independence problem as it relates to the practices of Hong Kong auditors in the post-Enron environment. Design/methodology/approach – Four independent variables identified from literature gaps are examined, namely NASs, levels of competition, auditors of different ranks and types of auditors. Mixed ANOVA are employed to analyze survey responses from 207 “Big 4” and 185 “non-Big 4” auditors. Findings – Results of the study show that the provisions of NASs and high competition could have a negative influence on auditors’ perceptions of independence. Second, auditors’ perceptions that the influence of NASs on independence depends on an individual auditor’s rank are supported. Senior managers...
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...Becker CPA Review, PassMaster Questions Lecture: Financial 1 CPA PassMaster Questions-Financial 1 Export Date: 10/30/08 1 © 2009 DeVry/Becker Educational Development Corp. All rights reserved. Becker CPA Review, PassMaster Questions Lecture: Financial 1 Sources of GAAP CPA-00001 Type1 M/C A-D Corr Ans: D PM#1 F 1-01 1. CPA-00001 FARE Nov 95 #1, Released 2006 Page 6 According to the FASB conceptual framework, the objectives of financial reporting for business enterprises are based on: a. Generally accepted accounting principles. b. Reporting on management's stewardship. c. The need for conservatism. d. The needs of the users of the information. CPA-00001 Explanation Choice "d" is correct. The FASB conceptual framework states that the objectives of financial reporting stem from the informational needs of the external users of the information. SFAC 1 para. 28 ...
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...CHAPTER 1 ENVIRONMENT AND THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING Overview The primary function of financial accounting is to provide useful financial information to users external to the business enterprise. The focus of financial accounting is on the information needs of investors and creditors. These users make critical resource allocation decisions that affect the nation’s economy. The primary means of conveying financial information to investors, creditors, and other external users is through financial statements and related notes. In this chapter you explore important topics such as the FASB’s conceptual framework that serve as a foundation for a more detailed study of financial statements, the way the elements of these statements are measured, and the concepts underlying these measurements and related disclosures. Learning Objectives LO1–1 Describe the function and primary focus of financial accounting. LO1–2 Explain the difference between cash and accrual accounting. LO1–3 Define generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and discuss the historical development of accounting standards, including convergence between U.S. and international standards. LO1–4 Explain why the establishment of accounting standards is characterized as a political process. LO1–5 Explain factors that encourage high-quality financial reporting. LO1–6 Explain the purpose of the conceptual framework. LO1–7 Identify the objective and qualitative characteristics...
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...AUDITING THEORY TESTBANKS / REVIEWERS 1. When an auditor believes that an understanding with the client has not been established, he or she should ordinarily a. Perform the audit with increase professional skepticism. b. Decline to accept or perform the audit. c. Assess control risk at the maximum level and perform a primarily substantive audit. d. Modify the scope of the audit to reflect an increased risk of material misstatement due to fraud. 2. An auditor should design the written audit program so that a. All material transactions will be selected for substantive testing. b. Substantive tests prior to the balance sheet date will be minimized. c. The audit procedures selected will achieve specific audit objectives. d. Each account balance will be tested under either tests of controls or tests of transactions. 3. Which of the following fraudulent activities most likely could be perpetrated due to the lack of effective internal controls in the revenue cycle? a. Fictitious transactions may be recorded that cause an understatement of revenues and overstatement of receivables. b. Claim received from customers for goods returned may be intentionally recorded in other customer’s accounts. c. Authorization of credit memos by personnel who receive cash may permit the misappropriation of cash. d. The failure to prepare shipping documents may cause an overstatement of inventory balances. 4. Accepting an engagement to examine an entity’s financial...
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...Computerized Accounting System Threats in Malaysian Public Services Mahlindayu binti Tarmidi1, Azwan Abdul Rashid2, Mohmad Sakarnor bin Deris3, Rusli Abdul Roni4 1Department of Accounting. College of Business Management and Accounting, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Bandar Muadzam Shah. 26700 Pahang 4Deprtment of Business and Accounting, College of Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Bandar Muadzam Shah. 26700 Pahang [pic] Abstract Numbers of incidents pertaining data errors, system breach, violation of internal control and manipulation of financial information had raised the organization attention and concern. Organizations are consequently more aware of the security and integrity issues in regards of the computerized accounting system and the need to take appropriate action. This research is to investigate the security threats issues in computerized accounting system in Malaysian public services. Through questionnaires to 500 CAIS user in the Jabatan Akauntan Negara Malaysia (Accountant General Department), the study findings show the users perception of the current state of threats faced by the system. Though most of the listed threats are perceived to be rarely happen, but there are group of people indicates those incidents still taken place. Hence, this empirical evidence may enable the public services department to evaluate their computerized accounting system security, and begin to properly pursue effective strategies to improve quality and lower...
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...AUDITING THEORY TESTBANKS / REVIEWERS 1. When an auditor believes that an understanding with the client has not been established, he or she should ordinarily a. Perform the audit with increase professional skepticism. b. Decline to accept or perform the audit. c. Assess control risk at the maximum level and perform a primarily substantive audit. d. Modify the scope of the audit to reflect an increased risk of material misstatement due to fraud. 2. An auditor should design the written audit program so that a. All material transactions will be selected for substantive testing. b. Substantive tests prior to the balance sheet date will be minimized. c. The audit procedures selected will achieve specific audit objectives. d. Each account balance will be tested under either tests of controls or tests of transactions. 3. Which of the following fraudulent activities most likely could be perpetrated due to the lack of effective internal controls in the revenue cycle? a. Fictitious transactions may be recorded that cause an understatement of revenues and overstatement of receivables. b. Claim received from customers for goods returned may be intentionally recorded in other customer’s accounts. c. Authorization of credit memos by personnel who receive cash may permit the misappropriation of cash. d. The failure to prepare shipping documents may cause an overstatement of inventory balances. 4. Accepting an engagement to examine...
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...ISSN 1940-204X Performance Management at Perelson Weiner LLP1 Jan Bell Babson College Alfred J. Nanni, Jr Babson College Introduction and entrepreneurs. (See Exhibit 3 for a description of PW’s business.) PW’s business development is relationship-based; the firm doesn’t advertise for business. Instead, personnel develop long-term relationships with clients. These relationships typically start with tax return or financial statement preparation and then grow to include services that provide value to the client in other ways. Weiner explains his client focus this way: “We don’t seek short-term transactional services; we want to spend our time developing client relationships that last 40 years rather than seeking one-time opportunities.” To ensure that clients receive value from PW’s services, Weiner insists that personnel have unique expertise before offering services to clients. PW’s expertise and its ability to add unique value lie in providing traditional tax preparation, accounting, and auditing services, which are then enhanced by meaningful proactive business and tax consulting advice. Weiner has made a strategic decision to focus on these sources of client value plus one other sort of advice. With a New York City location, Weiner feels that PW can also add value for its clients by assisting them in the selection of the best specialized professional service firms in other areas. For example, PW personnel help clients find the best asset ...
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...Contents Introduction 2 3.1 & 3.2 Produce graphs using spread sheets and draw valid conclusions based on the information derived. Create trend lines in spread sheet graphs to assist in forecasting for specified business information 3 3.3 Prepare a business presentation using suitable software and techniques to disseminate information effectively. 11 3.4 Produce a formal business report 12 4.1 Use appropriate information processing tools 17 4.2 Prepare a project plan for an activity and determine the critical path 20 4.3 Use financial tools for decision-making 22 Conclusion 26 Introduction In order to enhance the competitive advantages of Highlands Coffee in Ho Chi Minh City over other competitors, the report will show some information that might help the company find out appropriate strategy to maintain their position in market. At the first task is the forecasting technique, which shows various way to calculate the actual sales of the bank in the future, and then show the formal report for the Sales director. In the next task in the reports, there is the information processing tools which shows the decision level and information types in each department and the recommendation for the software for each part of department. In the third task, the project planning have been show the way to prepare the schedule the number of employee should have in this project. In the last task, it is the evaluation of two projects – “Project 1” and “Project 2”. The calculation...
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...Glossary Notes: Note 1: CPA Canada Handbook Part I applies to publicly accountable enterprises, CPA Canada Handbook Part II ASPE applies to private enterprises; CPA Canada Handbook Part III ASNFPO applies to not-for-profit organizations. CPA Canada Handbook Part IV ASPP applies to pension plans. For governments and government organizations, see under Public Sector Accounting (PSA) Handbook for details of what applies. Note 2: Part II and V Definitions may not be identical — check the CPA Canada Handbook – Accounting. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Abnormal earnings Also referred to as unexpected earnings. Differences between the expected value of earnings and the actual realized. Absorption costing Absorption costing is a method of assigning costs to inventory. It includes fixed overhead costs in addition to variable overhead costs added to direct materials and direct labour to calculate unit cost. Accelerated depreciation Accelerated depreciation is a method of allocating the cost of an asset in which the annual depreciation amounts are larger in an asset’s early years and decrease over time. An example of accelerated depreciation would be the double-declining balance method. Access controls Procedures designed to restrict access to online terminal devices, programs, and data. Access controls consist of ”user authentication” and ”user authorization.” Account Place within an accounting system where the increases and decreases in a specific...
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...Accounting FOR DUMmIES 4TH ‰ EDITION By John A. Tracy, CPA Accounting For Dummies®, 4th Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or online at http:// www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All...
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...Accounting FOR DUMmIES 4TH ‰ EDITION By John A. Tracy, CPA Accounting For Dummies®, 4th Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or online at http:// www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All...
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...BooK 1 ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARD S, QuANTITATIVE METHODS, AND EcoNOMics - Readings and Learning Outcome Statements .......................................................... 6 Study Session 1 - Ethical and Professional Standards ............................................ 13 Study Session 2 - Ethical and Professional Standards: Application Self-Test - Ethical and Professional Standards ....................... 110 128 138 256 262 339 344 349 358 ..................................................... Study Session 3 - Quantitative Methods for Valuation Self-Test - Quantitative Methods for Valuation Study Session 4 - Economics for Valuation Self-Test - Economics for Valuation Formulas ........................................ ................................................... ......................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................................................ Appendices Index ........................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................. SCHWESERNOTES™ 2013 CFA LEVEL II BOOK 1: ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS, QUANTITATIVE METHODS, AND ECONOMICS ©20 12 Kaplan, Inc. All rights reserved. Published in 20 12 by...
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...Group project report PricewaterhouseCoopers Service for individuals Professor: Timur M. Atnashev Prepared by: Oleynik Stanislav Rizaev Ruslan Sarhad Omar Moscow 2015 Content Background 3 Goal 5 Trends 5 Segmentation 7 Industry analysis 9 Competition 13 Products 14 Action plan 15 Financial assessment 17 Marketing plan 19 Results 20 Background The company we are going to take for the analyses is one of the most popular and established consulting firm in the world – PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). The company was established in 1998 after the merger of two multinational companies - Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand, the history of each has more than 150 years of experiences in the consulting industry. Today, the company has operations in 6 continents in more than 150 countries in the world. In Russia, the company represents in 10 offices: Moscow, St Petersburg, Kazan, Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Voronezh, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Vladikavkaz. All the offices in the country and all over the world are closely interact with each other and work together in order to increase the value of proving service and the client`s business. In Russia PwC brand is represented by 5 legal entities: * OOO PwC Advisory * ZAO PwC Legal * ZAO PwC Audit * Rep office of PwC Russia B. V. * Rep office of PwC Legal CIS B.V. Globally the company has 3 lines of service (LoS) in each country: ...
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...No. 1 August, 2004 Indoor Air Quality Guideline Formaldehyde in the Home About This Guideline This indoor air quality guideline summarizes the health effects of formaldehyde and tells about sources of formaldehyde in your home. The guideline also explains how you and your family can reduce your exposure to formaldehyde. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has classified formaldehyde as a Toxic Air Contaminant, based on its potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects. What is formaldehyde? Formaldehyde is a colorless gas. At elevated concentrations it has a strong, pungent odor and can be irritating to the eyes, nose, and lungs. Formaldehyde is released into the home from a variety of indoor sources. Some resins, or glues, used to bind wood chips or fibers into plywood, particleboard, and other pressed wood products, contain formaldehyde. Cabinetry and some floor and wall materials are often made from such products. Formaldehyde is also used in fabrics to impart wrinkle resistance or to fix color, and in some consumer products it is used as a hardening agent or preservative. Also, formaldehyde is a by-product of Cabinetry & gas appliances are common sources combustion processes, such as wood burning, gas appliance use, and cigarette smoking. Formaldehyde is usually present at lower (but not necessarily healthful) levels in outdoor air; it is emitted in car exhaust and from some industrial sources, and is also created from chemical reactions...
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