...9/23/2015 (Laura Williams) (Jasmine Threadcraft) Alice Chon Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction: Abstract This experiment demonstrates a synthesis of a 1,4-di-t-buytl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene by reacting 1,4-dimethoxybenzene with a tertiary-butyl alcohol with the presence of a Lewis acid, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), called a Friedel-Crafts mechanism. This reaction yield a product of 67.96% yield and a melting point starting at 103˚C and a complete melting point around 106˚C. Am HNMR spectrum revealed that the end product of 1,4-di-t-buytl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene was synthesized successfully. The small range of the melting point indicated the good purity which also indicated the formation of a Friedel-Crafts reaction. Introduction Charles Friedel and James Crafts were the first to develop a method that alkylates and acylates aromatic rings in an easy synthesis. This is one of the oldest methods of forming C-C bonds by functioning unbiased arenas with unactivated C-H bonds. In their research, they isolated a pentylbenzene after a reaction of 1-chloropentane and benzene using a stoichiometric amount of a Lewis Acid promoter, AlCl3. With this success, many Lewis acids have been tested throughout the years in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation to develop more synthetic use. Research is still ongoing and being done today of finding more efficient and easily executed Lewis acids to produce non-toxic, metal free by-products...
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...Through out the 19th century, England engaged many artists, designers and manufactures together expanding the design border. However, in 1836 a report of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Art and Manufactures (MET) commented on how British-manufactured goods were lacking in quality. This indeed created the Arts and Crafts movement in 1860, where the movement rejected modernity and industry, mainly towards the output of British Industry. As history reaches the 2nd half of the 19th century, the mission of Arts and Crafts movement did not completely establish but instead it provided more opportunities for new designers and more options on the market for consumers. With great support of the design society one of the many talented designers stood out and influenced the style of that period, it was Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Charles Rennie Mackintosh was born in Glasgow, Scotland, 1868 where the Arts and Crafts movement was happening. The time period where Mackintosh grew up was between the influences of Japan, which significantly influence his style later on. Mackintosh was part of the Scottish School, where a group of artists and designers establish new and strikingly modern style in 1880s. (V&A) They together worked in Glasgow and created decorative schemes for architectures and design. It can be concluded that Mackintosh grew up in an artistic environment and design was his main passion. He has three outstanding designs that were eye opening during the period and...
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...literary and linguistic devices. For example the use of stage directions and other characters reaction to certain types of authority play a big part in the way authority is either delivered or received. Prior to this passage, Putnam, Giles and Parris are talking about wanting to get reverend Hale involved in the events after the girls had been dancing. Before Hale even enters the audience already has a sense that he will bring authority with him, since he has the information everyone else desires. When Hale first enters in the scene, Parris is instantly ‘delighted’. Such a response to someone entering the scene shows a clear sense of relief upon the characters around Hale to know his presence is now there in the passage. Miller also crafts Hale’s utterances in a way that shows his authority subtly yet effectively. Phrases like ‘they must be’ and ‘we shall need some hard study’ shows how Miller is crafting these assertive declarative statements in order to show Hale’s commanding voice and authority upon those around him. Other characters modes of address towards Hale shows their respect for him also, terms like ‘sir’ show how people are reluctant to get too personal with Hale and not call him by his name, rather they stay a little distant (like Parris, as we see he is ‘a little scared’ by Hale’s presence, Miller possibly crafted this stage direction in order to show people would rather stay a little distant to Hale because of his authority and the...
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...Relative Allocation of Facilities Techniques (CRAFT). The basic technique of optimization in CRAFT is similar to what we did visually: exchanges of positions between different departments. The computer program, therefore, requires input data such as: 1. Load Summary 2. The existing layout and the distances different locations, 3. The floor area requirements of the different departments. In addition to this, the computer program introduces two more aspects: 4. The possibility of the differences in the costs of material handling between two different pairs of departments, expressed as rupees per load per unit distance. The per load per unit distance cost of material handling between departments 1 and 2 may be quite different from the cost per load per unit distance between departments 1 and 3 For instance, in our earlier example (visual inspection) we had considered the per load per unit distance costs to be the same for all the combinations of departments. This may be true in practice, because the type of material being handled between one pair of departments may be different from the other pair of departments and therefore the material handling equipment needed for such movement within the pair of departments may be different from one pair to another. Naturally, the materials handling costs between different pairs of departments will also be different. Such an interdepartmental cost matrix should be provided as input data. 5. CRAFT also takes into account the non-moveability...
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...The outcome of My Foundations Lab® Path Builder was that I have mastered the Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling module and The Craft of Writing module. I need work on improving my sentence structures which includes run-ons, fragments and sentence skills. The skills that I have mastered and the skills I need to work on are greatly important in my academic life. I will have to apply these skills to papers that I will have to write and to the people I will have to communicate with through the forums. It is important I have these skill sets as I will have to make sure I am understood on what I am writing whether it is though discussions or responses. The skills that I have mastered and will be improving on will help me in my professional life. As of yet I have yet to determine what I will be majoring in, but I do know it will be in the healthcare field. If I was to choose to be a CNA or part of the administrative part of the field, I would have to be able to write clearly in a form that is acceptable. I was not surprised by the results. I have always struggled with sentence structures. Writing papers have always been my weak points that I have tried to improve on. The items that I mastered, I was not surprised as I have always usually been on point with punctuation, spelling and the basic mechanics of...
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...Interview with Neelam Chibber of Industree craft foundation, Bangalore, India Could you tell us about Industree Craft? Industree Craft , India is a hybrid social enterprise—literally comprised of for-profit and nonprofit entities—based in Bangalore, India. Industree's mission is “to enhance and create artisanal owned rural livelihoods through marketing of contemporary designed artisanal produce for urban markets,”2 Industree sources products and materials from small-scale artisan groups across Southern India and sells their products, primarily home textiles, gifts, and natural fiber furniture, to domestic and international markets. It currently operates three Industree-branded retail shops, sells via shop- in-shops in leading domestic retail stores, and exports products for international retailers such as IKEA. Industree’s annual revenue reached $1 million USD in 2007. What hinted you to start this venture? There are some 40 million rural artisans in India today. While global demand for Indian artisan products is growing both in India and abroad, rural artisans largely remain poor. Prior to the industrial revolution, high quality artisan products were historically crafted in rural areas for domestic and international consumption. Governments support for manufacturing centers in urban hubs has increasingly isolated rural producers and decreased their access to functioning markets. As a result, much of India’s rural population has migrated to cities in search of work, sadly...
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...------------------------------------------------- Creative art and Fine art . By a broad definition of art,[9] artistic works have existed for almost as long as humankind: from early pre-historic art to contemporary art; however, some theories restrict the concept to modern Western societies.[10] The first and broadest sense of art is the one that has remained closest to the older Latin meaning, which roughly translates to "skill" or "craft." A few examples where this meaning proves very broad include artifact, artificial, artifice, medical arts, and military arts. However, there are many other colloquial uses of the word, all with some relation to its etymology. The second and more recent sense of the word art is as an abbreviation for creative art or fine art and emerged in the early 17th century.[13] Fine art means that a skill is being used to express the artist's creativity, or to engage the audience's aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards consideration of the finer things. The word art can refer to several things: a study of creative skill, a process of using the creative skill, a product of the creative skill, or the audience's experience with the creative skill. The creative arts (art as discipline) are a collection of disciplines that produce artworks (art as objects) that are compelled by a personal drive (art as activity) and convey a message, mood, or symbolism for the viewer to interpret (art as experience). Art is something that stimulates...
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...created by carving by hand, the lack of perfect symmetry in the manmade spindle form. This cynical view has some validity – if; the priority of making the object is the actualization of perfection. Social commentators like Richard Sennett believe this kind of priority misses the true point of Craftsmanship – the desire to do something well for its own sake. I agree. The actualization of Craftsmanship is not about the making a perfect object. It is about the intrinsic need to do a job well for its own sake. There is not much published documentation about the history of professional woodwork in Jamaica. Inferences can be drawn through history, that making items from wood has been a longstanding part of Jamaican culture, beginning with the crafts made by the Tainos. These indigenous people crafted their homes, boats and even gods...
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...1. Craft a brief (1-2 pages) strategy for a business concept that would directly compete with the small business you selected. Explain the rationale for the strategy in detail. 2. Determine if it would make more sense to open the new business you describe or to purchase the existing business you selected. Explain your reasoning. 3. Discuss the most appropriate form of ownership for your new business (assuming your current financial situation). 4. Outline a business plan for your business. Visit http://www.sba.gov for tools and templates. 5. Include at least two (2) references outside the textbook. My new business......Sea~sonals, aquatic line of decor for every season for your home aquarium. Owners of aquariums take pride in their masterpeices and many consider them as one of the main decorative elements in their home. With this line of Sea~sonal decor, your fish and tank can change with the seasons and celebrate the holidays with the rest of the family. The Christmas line would consist of little bubble blowing fireplaces complete with stockings for the fish, Christmas Tree shaped faux plant life, and peel decals of snowflakes, garland,etc. Halloween would have little fish sized tombstones and spooky trees along side the haunted house and full moon back drop. The possibilities are endless. Industry and Market Feasibility While a large industry of aquarium decor is available and there are many suppliers, I think that...
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...CRAFT is a tool used to help improve the existing layout of the facilities from an operations management perspective. CRAFT or (Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Techniques) is best known for the heuristics approaches and attempts to minimize materials-handling cost by calculating cost, pair-wise interchanging departments, calculating more costs until a good solution is obtained. This tool helps facilities improved by switching two or three departments to help arrange the facility in an optimal floor plan. once the step is obtained and working The procedure requires the following inputs happen: From-To Chart, Cost Matrix, Distances and an Initial layout. Craft is used when the number of departments is so large that the computation by hand would be very intensive and make the improvement not worth the time for many companies(Watanapa, 2011). There is a slight relationship between the two because once together the make the process go smother. Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) is an organized way to conduct layout planning. SLP has a framework of phases, an patterns of procedures, and a set of conventions for identifying, rating and visualizing the elements and areas involved in planning a layout. For example, The planning and rearrangement involved in an production plant you would utilized both approaches to get the best efficient and effective results as possible. They're three important approaches in the SLP process which are relationships, space and adjustments...
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...adulthood I noticed something very specific about the world I live in. However everyone doesn’t see the same thing I do when it comes to this subject. Many people don’t see the beauty or the innocence I do. There are other that do but sadly a lot of adults look past and don’t even take time to marvel at this awesome thing about life. What I noticed is that children are the light of the world, they see everything is this pure light and they enjoy life and use the world as their playground. Their eyes light up when they think about or see something that excites them and they enjoy the simply things in life that us adults overlook on a daily basis. The other day I was at a craft fair sitting at my table and directly over to my right there was a mother and her two children. I have seen them at previous craft fairs throughout the years and have enjoyed seeing these two children work hard with their mother to sell their duct tape creations. Sitting there I observed for quite a while the little girl who is around eight years old. She decided she would dress up for the occasion unlike her brother who was wearing sweat pants a t-shirt and crocs with fuzzy socks. The little girl wore a beautiful Christmas dress with black leggings and short boots with a homemade headband. She looked very nice and ready for the day. She was very helpful to setting up their tables. I first noticed that when they came in with their things they left her with their spot as the mother and son went to go get...
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...Henry Mintzberg skillfully and competently equates the process of strategy making to the process of making pottery. The strategist is similar to a craftsman, or potter in this case. Mintzberg says, “the crafting image better captures the process by which efective strategies come to be. ” When compared to the planning process of strategy making, I am much more inclined to agree with Mintzberg and theimage he creates. There are several key ideas that Mintzberg parallels to the potter and her craft. First,the potter may create a product that follows in the tradition of her past work, but she may also create awork that breaks away from tradition in a new direction. Similarly, stragies are patterns that are put intoaction over time; but strategies may emerge in a different direction than tradition has previously held.Second, strategy making must be a deliberate process-thought must precede action. But “strategies can form as well as be formulated .” Third, strategists do not necessarily have to be top management runningan organization but removed from the inner-workings of that organization. Instead, like the potter isintimately connected with her work, strategists may be those most intimately connected with thecompany and those products/services it sells. Strategists may be those on the front lines, so to speak.Fourth, the potter may fail to make one piece, but the lump that remains may be formed into somethingcompletely different. In the same way, strategies can emerge any time...
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...When a person drinks an alcoholic beverage, about 20 percent of the alcohol is absorbed in the stomach and about 80 percent is absorbed in the small intestine. How fast the alcohol is absorbed depends upon several things: • The concentration of alcohol in the beverage - The greater the concentration, the faster the absorption. • The type of drink - Carbonated beverages tend to speed up the absorption of alcohol. • Whether the stomach is full or empty - Food slows down alcohol absorption. After absorption, the alcohol enters the bloodstream and dissolves in the water of the blood. The blood carries the alcohol throughout the body. The alcohol from the blood then enters and dissolves in the water inside each tissue of the body (except fat tissue, as alcohol cannot dissolve in fat). Once inside the tissues, alcohol exerts its effects on the body. The observed effects depend directly on the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), which is related to the amount of alcohol consumed. The BAC can rise significantly within 20 minutes after having a drink • The increased activity in the liver causes cell death and hardening of the tissue (cirrhosis of the liver). • The brain cells in various centers die, thereby reducing the total brain mass. • Stomach and intestinal ulcers can form because the constant alcohol use irritates and degrades the linings of these organs. • Blood pressure increases as the heart compensates for the initially reduced blood pressure...
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...States Craft Brewers have been on a steady market share growth. The past five years have transformed the Craft Beer Production industry into one of the fastest growing and most popular alcoholic beverage segments in the United States. Craft brewers have gained over 11% volume shares of the $78 billion beer industry in 2014, producing over 22.2 million barrels valued at $19.6 billion. The last year has seen an increase in breweries with 615 new breweries, while 46 breweries closed, bring the total of craft breweries to 3,464. While most states have seen a steady increase in the number of breweries two states saw declines, North Dakota and Vermont. Vermont saw declines because...
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...Craft Beer Brewing Paper Two: Cause and Effect Fermented beverages have played a part in every civilization. The evolution of fermentation by human hands has been a diverse one. From the first fermented beverage, mead, found in ancient Greek, Egyptian, and Sumerian records to today’s micro-brewed barley-based ales, fermented beverages have seen tremendous growth. Today, micro craft breweries are displacing the competition from big brewers in America (Kain n.p.). The number of craft breweries in America has more than doubled since 2011 due to ease of access to the equipment, and craft breweries are creating thousands of jobs, contributing millions of dollars to the U.S. economy, and providing enthusiasts with a wide variety of beers. (Watson n.p.). Being immersed in craft beers over past few years, I learned about the brewing process and started home brewing as a hobby. Prohibition was responsible for shutting down of many small breweries around America. Upon lifting the prohibition, federal government regulated the beer market with an iron fist. Smaller producers of beer were not successful because the regulation clearly favored the large beer producers. When Carter Administration deregulated the beer industry in 1979, it made the market available to craft brewers. Since then, craft beer exploded in popularity and has had an amazing impact on the industry (Kain n.p.). Beer drinkers around the nation love to talk about beer, the different varieties offered by many breweries, and...
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