...Research Paper Comparative Criminal Justice System Professor Dave Sanchez Strayer University July 11, 2015 Transnational crimes are illegal acts that are performed, and the impact involvement affects more than one country. These crimes usually involve illicit good, services or the infiltration of businesses or of government. There are many different types of crimes that fall under transnational crimes and which I will identify them using the conduct that they violate. First you have the provisions of illicit goods they are, drug trafficking, trafficking in stolen property, counterfeiting. Next you have the provision of illegal services that are, human trafficking, cybercrime and fraud, commercialized vices. Last we look at the infiltration of businesses including government they are, extortion and racketeering, money laundry and corruption. My transnational crime that I will focus on in this paper will be human trafficking from both countries the United States and Cuba (Dammer & Albanese, 2014). The United States defines Human Trafficking as the illegal movement, recruitment or harboring in an individual for the purpose of exploration, forced labor or commercial sexual exploration. The most common human trafficking types we hear a lot about are sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and debt bondage. The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that at least 12.3 million people are victims of forced labor at any given time, 2.4 million of whom toil in forced...
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...Gang activities in Chicago and it suburbs. Introduction Deindustrialization brought the new generation of young gangsters. Its number increases every year, all over the country, in cities of different sizes. Are those gangs the product of restructuring economics? Can they be considered a new social minority? What policy should the community use to control this problem? I decided to write my research paper about the gang activities during the deindustrialization because I think it is very important for political scientist to research how economical and political changes may impact the society and public policy. In my work I answer such questions as what challenges the urban administration experiences during the globalization and how to respond to them. This topic has its actuality today because gangs are becoming a new social “underclass”. (Taylor, 1990, p. 81) What does it mean? With the end of industrialization era a lot of job opportunities disappeared for a new generation of youth. Moreover, gang bands usually act as well-armed economic groups. As the result, many young males were involved in street gang activities such as drug dealing and other criminals. Once those young ones fall in criminal they stay involved in gang activities even when they become adult. (Hagedorn, 1991, p.529) It is remarkable to notice that Mass Media also had its role in growing new population of gangs. The Hollywood industry usually shows images of rich, famous gangsters...
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...A Passage to India E. M. Forster Online Information For the online version of BookRags' A Passage to India Premium Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide−passageindia/ Copyright Information ©2000−2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare &Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources. ©1998−2002; ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license. The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". © 1994−2005, by Walton Beacham. The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". © 1994−2005, by Walton Beacham. All other...
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...Revision of Manuscript # 17-02-88 Running head: ATTRACTIVENESS AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT Effects of Physical Attractiveness When Evaluating a Male Employee’s Allegation of Sexual Harassment by His Female Employer Karl L. Wuensch and Charles H. Moore East Carolina University Abstract College students (N = 324) served as mock jurors in a simulated civil case in which a male plaintiff accused a female defendant of sexual harassment. The physical attractiveness of the litigants was experimentally manipulated. Mock jurors were asked to decide whether the defendant was guilty or not and to rate their certainty of belief in the defendant's guilt. Jurors were more certain of the guilt of the defendant when the plaintiff was attractive than when he was unattractive. Plaintiff attractiveness significantly affected female jurors’ verdicts when the defendant was unattractive, but not when she was attractive. With male jurors, plaintiff attractiveness significantly affected their verdicts when the defendant was attractive, but not when she was unattractive. Female jurors were more likely than male jurors to conclude that sexual harassment did take place, but only when the litigants were different in attractiveness. Effects of Physical Attractiveness When Evaluating a Male Employee’s Allegation of Sexual Harassment by his Female Employer Physically attractive people are perceived in a more positive fashion than are the physically unattractive (Dion, Berscheid, &...
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...Property Crime Determinants Executive Summary There are three primary determinants that effect property crime, which are the high school dropout rate, the population density, and the percentage of people who reside in an urban area. It was found that other factors such as unemployment, public aid , and income do not significantly contribute towards the level of property crime and are actually some of the misconceptions involving crime in the United States. Introduction Perception is the way that a situation may be viewed by an individual or group through "an awareness or understanding of" that situation (Merriam-Webster online, 2010). This understanding may not always be correct. A person's understanding may be clouded by various things that actually cause a misunderstanding of the situation: such as personal factors that create a bias, incorrect or skewed data, information provided by the media, and so on. Property crime is one of these situations where perception may not always be reality. The purpose of this research is to study data that has to do with several factors that may or may not effect property crime rates in the United States. I seek to answer several questions regarding property crime rates in the United States: what are the primary determinants of property crime in the United States, what would I like to know about property crime rates that cannot be answered by the provided data, and how does population density effect property crime rates and is this...
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...was prepared by the Community Policing Consortium, supported by grant number 93–DD–CX–K005, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Assistance Response Center 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531 800–421–6770 The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. ii Monograph Acknowledgments The Bureau of Justice Assistance wishes to thank Stephen J. Gaffigan, Director of Operations, Community Policing Consortium for supervising and coordinating the preparation of this document with the Consortium Management Team. BJA also acknowledges the members of the Executive Board and Advisory Board, who provided a wealth of expertise and information essential to the content of the document. Executive Board Richard Ward Director, Discretionary Grant Programs Division Bureau of Justice Assistance Dan Rosenblatt Executive Director International Association of Chiefs of Police Charles “Bud” Meeks Executive...
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...Memorandum To: Asi Clen, Deputy Chief of Planning & Operations CC: Jay Willie, Director of Maintenance & Transportation From: Danisha Benjamin, Accountant Date: February 11, 2012 Subject: Request for Permission to Research Employee Parking Lot Construction Introduction The purpose of this memo is to request permission to pursue research on the opportunity of constructing a secured parking lot for employees of the Department of Human Services (DHS). With over 1,000 employees and over 300 clients daily, the Department of Human Services is one of the busiest organizations located on Hospital Street, St. Thomas. Besides Human Services, Bergs Home, a housing community known for criminal activities and Bethlehem Shelter, a temporary housing for the needy, are located in this area. At the rear of the building, directly across from Bergs Homes and next to Bethlehem Shelter, is a newly cleared area that has become the permanent parking for employees. Issue Without predetermined parking spaces, an average of 100 cars can fit in this area. Due to the lack of security, anyone can park in an available space. Often, clients, visitors of Bergs Homes, and volunteers of Bethlehem Shelter occupy this parking area. Consequently, parking for DHS employees is affected. In addition, during 2011, a string of robberies occurred in this rear parking lot. On different occasions, three employees were robbed at gunpoint. Other...
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...Narration | Slide 1 | Introduction | Welcome to Introduction to Sociology. In this lesson we will introduce and discuss Social Stratification.Next slide. | Slide 2 | Topics | The following topics will be covered in this lesson:What Is Social Stratification?;Caste and Class Systems;The Functions of Social Stratification;Stratification and Conflict; andSocial Stratification: Facts and Values.Next slide. | Slide 3 | What Is Social Stratification? | Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. The study of social stratification across cultures shows that it has four basic principles.First, Social stratification is a trait of society. While personal ability and achievement play an important role in a person’s position in the stratification hierarchy, it is also a function of the social organization one operates under. As an example, children who are born into a wealthy family are more likely to enjoy good health, do well in school, succeed in a career, and live a long life.Second, Social Stratification persists over generations. We can see that stratification influences society by observing how parents pass along their social position to their children. Social mobility, a change in one’s position in the social hierarchy, is a product of a high-income society, but it is constrained by the social stratification processes. In America we celebrate the achievements of individuals who come from humble beginnings and obtain a higher...
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...Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Kutztown University January 2010 This project was supported by Grant Number 2003-CK-WX-K049 awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of July 2009. Given that URLs and web sites are in constant flux, neither the authors nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity. Letter from the Director Dear Colleagues, Fear of crime has an incredibly corrosive effect on individuals and entire communities. This issue is of great concern to all of us in law enforcement. Fear negatively shapes all aspects of the quality of life of America’s communities. The COPS Office recognizes that people not only need to be safe, but they also need to feel safe. Treating both of these issues as two parts of a greater whole is a critical aspect of community policing. That is why we produced this document, “Reducing Fear of Crime: Strategies for...
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...Greg Mantle is Reader in Social Work, Institute of Health and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University Abstract: This article explores the diversionary measure of restorative final warnings within the context of the youth justice system. We examine the philosophy and rationale of the new era in cautioning and discuss the potential practice implications since its implementation in 2000, under the statutory legislation within the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. To date there has been very little research or academic debate on the new system of police cautioning of youth. Additionally, as final warnings develop a greater association with restorative justice practices, we explore how this ‘pre court’ intervention has the potential to broaden oppressive and discriminatory practices within the youth justice system in relation to particular societal groups. We will begin by explaining how police cautioning of youth has changed with the implementation of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and then explore contemporary police practices and outcomes regarding youth and the restorative final warning scheme. We will highlight the conflicting nature of the new scheme which requires voluntary agreement throughout its statutory process to ensure successful completion. We will also demonstrate that the systematic implementation of final warnings has reduced police discretion and increased levels of police accountability, and that this, in turn, appears to have increased the potential for net widening and...
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...outside the workplace. Girls need to be encouraged to take more male-dominated subjects at school and later at university, and to aspire to do well in their careers. Girls and boys also need to be taught equality from an early age. This education can take place in schools and career programmes and in the home. To those who argue that quotas are a good way to initiate this change, I would like to point out that artificially imposing rules has not always had the desired effect. When governments required males and females to receive the same pay for the same jobs, employers simply changed job titles to ensure that women were still paid less than men. It is my belief that employers will simply try to find loopholes to get around any such law. In summary, I do not believe that forcing companies to allocate jobs to women is the best way to...
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...Barton 2 Rainer B¨hme 3 o Richard Clayton 4 Michel J.G. van Eeten 5 Michael Levi 6 Tyler Moore 7 Stefan Savage 8 Abstract In this paper we present what we believe to be the first systematic study of the costs of cybercrime. It was prepared in response to a request from the UK Ministry of Defence following scepticism that previous studies had hyped the problem. For each of the main categories of cybercrime we set out what is and is not known of the direct costs, indirect costs and defence costs – both to the UK and to the world as a whole. We distinguish carefully between traditional crimes that are now ‘cyber’ because they are conducted online (such as tax and welfare fraud); transitional crimes whose modus operandi has changed substantially as a result of the move online (such as credit card fraud); new crimes that owe their existence to the Internet; and what we might call platform crimes such as the provision of botnets which facilitate other crimes rather than being used to extract money from victims directly. As far as direct costs are concerned, we find that traditional offences such as tax and welfare fraud cost the typical citizen in the low hundreds of pounds/Euros/dollars a year; transitional frauds cost a few pounds/Euros/dollars; while the new computer crimes cost in the tens of pence/cents. However, the indirect costs and defence costs are much higher for transitional and new crimes. For the former they may be roughly comparable to what the criminals earn, while for the...
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...MEMORANDUM TO: The Human Resources Department of the Marion County Sheriff’s Department FROM: Kelly Powell-Duffner, Former Sheriff’s Deputy DATE: 01/08/2012 SUBJECT: High Turnover Rate within the Department and a Proposal to Correct this Issue Attached is my research as to why the turnover rate has risen so much over the last eighteen months within the Marion County Sheriff’s Department as well a proposal that could possibly prevent this trend from continuing. It has become apparent that there must be a problem within the department due to turnover rates rising despite the current economy downturn. When jobs are harder to come by and the unemployment rate is high one would think that movement in many fields would be at a minimum. Unfortunately, it has been shown to be the opposite in many law enforcement fields and job turnover is exploding for many reasons. Some of these reasons include poor morale, the ability to easily replace people due to the available unemployed workforce, ill treatment on the job, job politics, career dissatisfaction, the increase in prices for everyday items such as gas and groceries that require a higher paying job to afford and finally the workforce being more of child rearing ages and requiring jobs with better benefits to provide for their families. This research topic greatly attracted me due to my own personal experiences as a police officer. In my experiences as police officer, I encountered all of these issues and ultimately decided to...
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...As to what actions need to be taken to combat terrorism? For starters, we need to take homeland security as a serious matter. The debates around illegals are distracting us from border and port security matters. We need to better manage the funds in rebuilding Iraq because every (billion) dollar saved can be spent on local security and intelligence efforts. Terrorism must be fought both abroad and at home. Next, we must stop fostering terrorism in the world. We may call them insurgents or terrorists, but we need to be mindful that those same people are hailed as heroes, freedom-fighters, and liberators by many in the Middle East and beyond. Every time a stray bomb blows up women and children, every time a soldier murders an innocent villiager, more freedom-fighters/terrorists are created. To rebuild Iraq, we must put the Iraqi-people-building before nation-building. Finally, we must put freedom ahead of any single idealogy, both domestic and abroad. This means that we must implement security measures without taking away individuals' due process under law, we must not allow any government agency to run amok and terrorize our own citizens. Our mission for freedom must be clear to both our soldiers and people of other nations so it does not appear as if we are fighting for oil and profit. Our mission for freedom must be so pure and true so others are willing to fight alongside with us and not against us. The Buddha and the Terrorist Seaman, Donna. The Booklist 102. 22 ...
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...Restorative Justice Empowerment* Charles Barton** *Acknowledgements Versions of this paper have previously appeared in print as detailed below. The author acknowledges and thanks the relevant Editors for their permission to re-produce the article on the VOMA Web-Page: 1. The Australian Journal of Professional and Applied Ethics, vol. 2, no. 2, 2000. 2. Just Peace?: Peace Making and Peace Building for the New Millennium. (Proceedings of a Conference held 24 – 28 April 2000, at Massey University, Albany, Aotearoa/New Zealand) Edited by Warwick Tie. Massey University Centre for Justice and Peace Development. (pp. 50 – 62). **Biographical Note Charles Barton is a professional philosopher and conflict resolution specialist who lectures and trains in Law and Morality, Professional and Applied Ethics, and Restorative Justice. He is a Lecturer in the School of Policing Studies, and a Research Fellow in the ARC Special Research Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, at Charles Sturt University, Australia. He is also a former Research Fellow of Massey University (NZ), and a current Visiting Fellow in the Key Centre in Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia, and a Visiting Professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA. Charles Barton is the developer and author of the Empowerment Model of Restorative Justice, which is based on a unified and comprehensive philosophy and theory of conflict resolution that makes Empowerment...
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