...they make in life and develops what kind of person they become as an adult. Social Institutions relate to organized crime as being the theory we are all a product of the environment we grow up in. Most feel what we are exposed to within any kind of social group for any length of time we will start to adopt many of the ways and characteristics of that group. It seems to become our way of life or survival mode so to speak. It becomes much easier and appealing to want to be a part of a group that maybe a family member has been or someone else close to a person is or was a part of. Most people tend to stick to what they know, which in some cases involves organized crime as a result of a social institution. Gangs, mobs and any other type of organized crime group can be considered a social institution that people end up participating in because that’s what their environment consists of or did consist of most of their life. Many theories are applicable to organized crime and why criminal behavior exists and continues to occur. All of these theories involve the influences that social institutions have on the members of organized crime groups and how and why they exist and continue to. The first one which is most known to organized crime is the Alien Conspiracy theory. This theory puts the blame of the existence of organized crime in the United States on the outsiders and their influences (Lyman & Potter, 2007). The Alien Conspiracy theory adopts the idea that the mafia...
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...a child, the person deserves to die and no longer has the right to life. In this letter, the author justifies the moral use of the death penalty with a quote from President Obama, insinuating that there are such crimes so heinous that the community is justified in expressing the full measure of outrage and meting out the ultimate punishment. Following that, the...
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...Bureaucratic and Patron-Client Organization Executive Summary Howard Abadinsky (1985) proposed the bureaucratic and patron-client models of organized crime. The bureaucratic model characteristics have compilation from Fredrick Taylor (1990) and Max Weber (1947) theories on organized crime. This structure has a requirement of a hierarchy of power, rules, and regulations with each group, a labor division, specialized members, and a routine necessary for the group to function efficiently. ¬¬¬Outlawed biker groups such as the Hells Angels and the Warlock are a bureaucratic form of organized crime. The Mafia represents the comparable model; the patron-client organized crime model. Formal initiation confirms membership into the group and like the bureaucratic model; the structure is of hierarchy power. The main boss has an underboss and downward levels of power the members have a close relationship and the relationships branch out towards the bottom level and this is where new members are initiated. By branching out the lower level, the organization has a better opportunity to evade detection and apprehension by law enforcement, and maintain a steady flow of production and operation (Limbaugh, Sept.10, 2010). Another attribution for the organization models an executive branch as in a system of government. For example, if the top leader were unable to fulfill the role, the next person in position would take over the role of that leader, and so forth. The “patron-client...
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...O’Brien. First published in French as L’Etranger in 1942, Albert Camus’ The Outsider addresses the constrictive nature of society and what happens when an individual tries to break free from the conformity forced upon him by staying true to himself, and following his own ideal of absolute truth and sincerity in every action. Propelled more by the philosophy of existentialism and the notion of the absurd than plot and characters, Camus’ novel raises many questions about life, and answers them in a final chilling climax. The plot of The Outsider revolves around a central act of unmeditated violence on a beach, proving that “the darkest moments can happen in the brightest sunlight”. Meursault, Camus’ protagonist, leads a simple life working as an office clerk in Algiers. He lives as a bachelor, who, as we learn from the first paragraph, has just lost his mother and is preparing to leave for the seaside town of Morengo where she lived in an old-people’s home. The rest of the first section of the novel reads as a diary of Meursault’s life until he murders an Arab whilst away for the weekend with some friends. Part Two deals with the time after Meursault’s arrest for the crime, including his court case in which he is condemned more for not grieving at his mother’s funeral than the actual count of homicide brought against him. It has been said that the plot takes a secondary role in The Outsider to Camus’ expression of his views on existentialism and the absurd. In the character...
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...are allowed to marry more than one wife. They are allowed to have as many wives as they can afford to support up to seven. In the American society this not acceptable behavior and is not only a crime, but is looked down upon by American citizens. This deviant behavior is an offense or a crime and can hold a jail sentence. Whenever we as Americans see a Muslim with several wives we tend to stare in disgust and look at them as outsiders and lawbreakers, but in their eyes they are not breaking any laws or doing anything wrong. When people who are considered to be high and even rich commit a crime It seems that they are not held to the same standard or are they as accountable as those who are less fortunate. It seems that people of privilege have a better chance in life that their money should not have a greater influence in society, but the money that they have friends in high places and also have the means to afford good Attorneys to assist with their criminal charges. In different society’s different things are accepted. Knowing these differences and understanding them is what makes us a diverse nation. At the same time when crimes are commit regardless of race, ethnicity, or financial bracket we should all have to face the same punishments and be accountable for our...
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...Controlling Organized Crime When people think of organized crime, the first thing that comes to mind is Italian Mafia families like ones seen on television. Actually, organized crime groups consist of various nationalities and they operate in many parts of the world. This assignment will explain what organize crime is and suggest what should be done to control it. Organized Crime Defined There are several definitions of organized crime but there is not a definite one. The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) definition of organized crime is as follows: Organized crime is “any group having some manner of a formalized structure and whose primary objective is to obtain money through illegal activities. Such groups maintain their position through the use of actual or threatened violence, corrupt public officials, graft or extortion, and generally have a significant impact on the people in their locales, region or the county as a whole” (Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), n.d.). Theories The following theories assist law enforcement and government official by showing how and why organized crime evolved. These theories give a better explanation as to why members of organized crime groups commit illegal acts. In a paper previously written by myself, the following was discussed: There are empirical and speculative theories that are applicable to organized crime and criminal behavior. The rational choice theory “first emerged in the mid-18th century and was once...
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...longer getting an education, and you spend your time in more negative and potentially dangerous situations. The author did a great job of combining critical criminology and urban ethnography in this study to understand how power, society, and culture worked together to determine the outcomes of these people's lives. By recruiting a mixture of different ethnicities, family lives, criminal backgrounds, and social experiences, he was able to both compare them and include an idea of how the population treated them as a whole. I feel like it was helpful for him to be both an outsider and an insider in this situation. Yes, he was from that area and would be treated harshly at times, but he was also a graduate student who was conducting a social experiment with a better situation than these young people. It was also beneficial to them to have a positive influence in their life showing them that they can go from a life of crime and break the cycle of victimization. Seeing a positive example of someone...
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...Criminal Justice System). The African- Americans made up, “about 11 percent of the U.S. population, and were 31 percent of the prison population.” (Race, Ethnicity, and the Criminal Justice System). An example of this hatred is shown, in 1956, when Martin Luther King went to court because he got people to boycott against the Montgomery Transportation Department. MLK brought 8 Black lawyers, 1 White attorney, and 33 testimonies with him. MLK proved that the city buses were unconstitutional because they harassed African-Americans and yet, the court announced that MLK was guilty for boycotting, mainly because of his ethnicity (State of Alabama V. M. L. King, Jr. (1956 and 1960)). In addition, whenever an African-American was being tried for a crime, finding a proper and noble defense lawyer was very difficult and costly. Many of the lawyers, themselves, had to stay out of these trials to maintain their reputation. As a result, many lawyers didn’t want to defend an African-American in a case (State of Alabama V. M. L. King, Jr. (1956 and...
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...Myths and Reality of Crime Sociology 305 - Crime and Society June 4, 2013 Myths and Reality of Crime Crime and its definitions vary across time and space. Shaped the cultural values and ideas, norms and practices of the society in question and the political sphere’s interpretation of such, one society’s definition of crime may be incongruent with another (Morrison, 2009). Not surprisingly then crimes, as perceived by society members significantly differ from that of officials. In fact, these differences are portrayed in the mainstream media and serve as main components of popular television shows like Law and Order, Criminal Intent, NCIS, and Burn Notice. Given the popularity of these shows and their focus on violent criminal acts, these biased media forms appeal to prevailing thought that violent crimes in America are commonplace (Morrison, 2009). By extension, these shows call into question ideas about criminal propensity, the conditions that induce each criminal participation or even vigilant justice (Stark, 1993). However, these television shows fail to highlight the real increase in white collar crimes in scale and incidence and in many ways reinforce the myths of crime and violence (Holtfreter, Van Slyke, Bratton, & Gertz, 2008). Defining Crime through Myth and Pseudoscience Without question the notions of crime, of one’s inclination to commit such and the avenues for redress within American Society have changed dramatically since America’s beginning...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary In this paper, comparisons will be made between bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. In addition, the similarities and differences between the models of organized crime will be examined. The models of organized crime will be analyzed for their importance in the understanding of criminal organizations. The differences between bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are visible as bureaucratic deals with offices that do things by the law. They do not take extensive training in customer service and do not concentrate on being nice. The offices that are being referred to are government offices such as Welfare, DMV, and Section 8. In contrast, patron-client facilities are offices or places that focus upon pleasing their clients because if they don’t, the patron will go to another facility to get their needs met. This brings us to the similarities and differences of the models of organized crime. According to Lyman (2007) there are three theories of organized crime that help in the understanding of criminal organizations. The first theory is the Alien Conspiracy theory, which blames outside influences and outsiders for the rise of organized crime in American society. Second, the Rational Choice theory is when a person weighs the pros and cons of living a certain lifestyle; in addition they also know what the consequences of their actions are as well. Finally, the deterrence...
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...A Civil Service The United States of America has one of the largest prison systems in the world. In the corrections industry there are many tools used to rehabilitate and to punish individuals who have committed crimes. Punishment and rehabilitation often have conflicting approaches to dealing with reprimands in the legal system. Rehabilitation seeks to remove the person from their environment so they can learn how to be a productive citizen. Punishment attempts to teach a lesson though the removal of freedoms and the restrictions of rights. Felony disenfranchisement, where a convicted felon is banned from voting in any elections for the rest of their lives, is one of the more controversial punishments. The use of felony disenfranchisement...
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...Organized Crime Perspective Andre R. Terry CJA/325 August 27, 2015 Travin Hill Organized Crime Perspective Social establishment is a get-together of individuals sorted out to accomplish their objectives. A social foundation point of view is one who sees groups as a gathering of these social establishments and perspectives the inhabitants of the group as their individuals (Carlie, 2002). Social organizations are connected to sort out wrongdoing in a few ways. Warren (1973) characterizes group as "that mix of social units and frameworks which perform the significant public capacities include region pertinence." The group's association is perceived by the social exercises, as opposed to geographic or legitimate limits (Lyman & Potter, 2007). Sorted out wrongdoing speaks to a proceeding with, benefit inspired, criminal venture that utilizes the utilization of trepidation, roughness, intimidation, and open defilement to accomplish authoritative objectives and stay resistant to law requirement (Lyman & Potter, 2007). Sorted out wrongdoing will figure out how to acquire vast benefits and power regardless of what is decriminalized, made unlawful, or legitimized (Mallory, 2007). This paper will talk about and clarify the term social establishment as it applies to sort out wrongdoing, and the experimental...
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... Public policing and private security can be used to describe the methods that we use in the world to keep people and their goods safe. First, we will examine Private Security; in its simplest form, the term “private security” refers to the protection of people, property, and information (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Society recognizes that the broader role of private security is for individuals and businesses to pay a fee to protect their persons, private property, or their interests from hazards (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Private Security has developed throughout history along with Public Policing. Private Security has its roots in the middle ages under the system of Feudalism (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Land barons and kings hired retainers (infantrymen) and knights (Special Forces) for personal protection. The knights and retainers would protect the peasants and land that was under the control of the king or land baron; in exchange for this protection peasants were to swear allegiance to the higher lords (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Private Security stood as the primary law of the land. It was controlled by...
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...stereotyping mires their identities and lives in uncertainty, causing maladjustment and problematizing their integration into South Korean society. This is the crux of Chung’s article; this paper will further focus on how arbitrary concepts of nationhood and crime help obstruct the assimilation of North Koreans, because conditions are unlikely to change. Unlike others in the Korean diaspora, North Koreans are considered legal citizens in the South. Yet they have been labelled system selective migrants, escapees, and New Settlers, etc.; all these terms still define them as Other to South Koreans. They are forever categorised as outsiders— regardless of the cultural modes, socioeconomic aspirations, and linguistic rituals they perform in tandem with the imagined South Korean community. Arguably, these arbitrary definitions of their identity will persist over time. Just as violence mainly exists in a dichotomy with peace, South Korea too cannot exist without the North. Though the plight for unification is prioritised, the erasure of borders at the 38th parallel would...
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...Abstract In today’s system, there are several competing theories for what approach should be taken to improve the correctional system. Certain strategies, such as punishment and rehabilitation, have different goals. These goals, in most cases, are different from each other. People all over prefer one strategy to the other, and compelling evidence can be brought into perspective for each. Aside form the usual, non traditional aspects and approaches to fixing the corrections system are also talked about today. This paper will discuss all elements of corrections theories, its goals, its effectiveness, and the rating of completion of academic and vocational programs offered to inmates in prison. Running Head: CORRECTIONAL THEORIES 3 Competing Theories Of Corrections In The Criminal Justice System In today’s day and age, many views and criticism take place of the Criminal Justice system. In specific, the correctional aspect of the system receives much of this criticism. There are two strategies particularly that come into play most often when speaking of corrections. These two strategies are punishment, and rehabilitation. Each of these strategies have its own set of goals and its own set of skepticisms from outsiders. On one hand, people may prefer punishment and its goals, and on the other some may solely believe in rehabilitating inmates. Each approach has it benefits, as well as its faults, just like anything else. Most...
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