...The Crimean War, unnecessary as it was, was chiefly remarkable for the general mismanagement of the campaign and for the complete breakdown of the supply of necessaries such as food, shelter and clothing. At Balaclava the aim of the Russian forces was to cut the British lines of communications from the port of Balaclava. The 93rd Foot withstood the Russian attack: the Heavy Brigade of cavalry also beat off a Russian attack, but the Light Brigade, through mistaken orders carried out a disastrous charge immortalised in Tennyson’s poem. All regiments that had landed in the Crimea before 8th September were awarded the battle honour Sevastopol. In May1855 the KDG was warned for service in the Crimea, and in July embarked at Liverpool on the transports Arabia, Himalaya, and Resolute, arriving at Balaclava in August with strength of two field officers, four captains, 8 subalterns, 6 staff officers, thirty-five NCOs, and 318 rank and files, with 268 troop horses. The Himalaya was one of the first screw-propelled steamships, and when launched was the largest in the world. The KDG were encamped on arrival in the Crimea at Kadikoi, but within ten days were moved further inland due to an outbreak of cholera. The KDG together with the Carabiniers reinforced the original regiments of the Heavy Brigade (the 4th and 5th Dragoon Guards, the Royals, Greys and Iniskillings). The Cavalry Division, which included the Light Brigade (4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 8th and 11th Hussars, 17th Lancers...
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...The Crimean war is one of the most memorable and significant wars fought in 19th century Europe. It was a conflict that affected all of Europe from a geographical standpoint since Russia came to war with Britain, France, and Turkey after the decay of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire called upon the aid of the British and French to help them in repelling the Russians, who wanted to expand their geopolitical interests as well as financial dependence. The result of every war has its winners and casualties, who suffer the consequences of the aftermath. Russia strived to gain territory in its attempt for even greater European conquest, but failed and lost its dominating title and leading position in Europe as well as Asia. The Crimean War is a pertinent historical event that marked Russian attempt to conquer in order to become a dominant hegemony in Europe and where the outcomes of the war geographically changed Europe as well as affected people’s nationalistic/identity beliefs. Often times named one of the bloodiest battles, yet technologically advanced wars of the nineteenth century; the Crimean war was a vital event in European history. It was a conflict where Russia lost to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, after Russia’s attempt to expand commercial and strategic designs as the Ottoman Empire was slowly deteriorating . The fall of the Empire would allow Russia to gain control and obtain the Dardanelles, as well as naval access to the Mediterranean...
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...The Crimean War as a Turning Point in the Development of Modern Russia The Crimean war was a conflict that occurred between the Russian Empire, and an alliance made up of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war, which took place in 1854, is seen as a trigger point of the changes that began to take place in Russia after 1854. The Crimean war led to Russia encountering a loss of almost 500,000 men, all due to the country wanting to gain influence in the Balkans and the Turkish regions. In addition, the Crimean War is considered one of the first 'modern' wars. The defeat in the Crimean war caused Russia to bring about social change and political change to keep up with modernizing Europe, including the abolition of serfdom, the introduction of the Zemstvos, and changes within the Russian Army. The members, who were a part of the Russian army, were none other than Serfs themselves. The allies' had won victory in the Crimean war by having professional soldiers who were highly skilled, whereas the Serfs who severed as part of the Russian army had no skill at all and were frail, and had been forced into serving for the Russian Army, which led to the Russian defeat. The conflict made it evident that Russia's known bureaucracy was instead filled with corruption and was poorly organized. Thus in 1861 the Emancipation of the Serfs took place, which was the most significant and most important of the liberal reforms which were brought...
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...To what extent was the Crimean War the most significant factor leading to the introduction of the zemstva in 1864 The zemstva were a form of local government that was instituted during the great liberal reforms performed in Tsarist Russia by Alexander II. This new system was endorsed by liberal reformer N.A Milyutin and the first zemstva laws were put into effect in 1864. The introduction of the zemstva was significant because of the fact that it enabled Russia to solve the problems that it endured everyday in terms of general education, public health and industrial construction. The extent to which the Crimean War was the most significant factor leading to the introduction of the Zemstva in 1864 could be seen to be of a significant extent. This is due to the fact that the Crimean War (1853-56) in which Russia had lost had had a major impact as it meant that Russia had now lost its international prestige, it showed the Russians some of the weaknesses of their political and economic organisation and were now made aware of the gulf between itself and the rest of Europe as it saw the contrast between its own life and of the Russian people. This is shown by the serfs in who fought badly in the war due to not being trained properly so as a result of this the Russian Army had no efficiency hence losing their superiority over the French and English Armies. Military advisers warned Alexander that reform of the army was impossible whilst serfdom survived. The Russians were also behind...
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...Slide 1: The Early Years * Known for her contributions to the nursing and mathematical fields as well as an important link in English feminism in the early 1850s while struggling with her self-definition and the expectations of an upper-class marital and family life. * Born May 12th 1820 into a wealthy upper middle-class family in Florence Italy, she was named after the city in which she was born. * As a child, Florence was very close to her anti-slavery lobbyist father. Being the youngest of two girls, and having no son, her father treated her as his friend and companion. Her father, William Nightingale, a wealthy English landowner, took responsibility for her education and personally taught her Greek, Latin, French, German, Italian, history, philosophy and mathematics. * It was uncommon for women to receive this type of education during the Victorian era, unless they paid for a private tutor. Otherwise women were generally self taught. Mathematics was rarely taught to women at all. This was the start of Florence's passion for statistics that would later prove to be helpful in the delivery of her finding and efforts for sanitation in hospitals. * In 1837, while living at Embley Park, Florence claimed to hear the voice of God telling her that she had a mission in life. It took her several years of searching to identify that mission. This was the first of four occasions where said claimed to hear the voice of God. * Despite her family's disapproval...
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...service is a non-profit organization or effort that renders the services for human needs. We should believe that human services is the greatest gift for anyone else and even too your own self satisfaction. This profession offers the assistance needed to manage with primary and social human needs. It is the person’s own will that raise him to pay services for human welfare and help needy people for their survival. Under the human service profession, Florence Nightingale is the most famous in its history. She is a great statistician and social reformer, and the initiator of contemporary nursing. Florence Nightingale came into prominence, when she served with her team in the history event of Crimean War. In this combat, she tended to injured soldiers. Discussion During the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale and her staff of thirty eight volunteer trained nurses, with the inclusion of Mai Smith, her aunt were sent off to the Empire of Ottoman. All service providers were spread about 295 nautical miles, where the major camp of British was grounded. Florence arrived early and her team members discovered that wounded soldiers were being delivered poor care by exploited medical staff. On that occasion, it has been observed that hygiene was being neglected; medicines were in short supply, and number of infections was commonly rising, in which many of them were incurable. The patients had no equipment to process food for badly injured. After watching the whole situation...
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...Nursing Research Study Contributions Debbie Rhoads Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS 433 August 6, 2011 Nursing Research Study Contributions Fee, E., & Garofalo, M. E. (2010). Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War. American Journal of Public Health, 100(9), 1591. Study Background Problem Florence Nightingale is most remembered as the pioneer of nursing as well as the first nursing researcher. During the Crimean War in 1854, Nightingale and 38 nurses traveled to the military hospital Scutari, in Turkey, to care for the wounded soldiers. The conditions they found were horrible. Soldiers were lying in filth, there was little medications and fewer supplies. There was no ventilation and an open sewer ran beneath the hospital. Morbidity and mortality rates were a staggering 43%.(Fee & Garofalo, 2010). Significance to nursing. Nightingale's research had a great impact on the nursing profession. Her research changed the views of society as well as the military regarding the care of the soldiers. Florence focused on cleanliness, ventilation, water purity and improving sanitation, which changed the mortality rates from 43 percent to 2 percent. (Burns & Grove, 2011, p. 10-12). Purpose of Study ...
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...The Crimean War is famed for “The Charge of the Light Brigade” written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson; this war “fundamentally alter[ed] the balance of power in Europe and set the stage for World War One” (Lambert). Tennyson wrote “The Charge of the Light Brigade” in a melodramatic way that simultaneously commemorates the soldiers involved while denouncing the act of war itself. Through this poem, the reader follows the British light cavalry as it charges the Russian forces. Soldiers at war do not question decisions made by a higher power, they simply perform what is asked of them and because of this Tennyson regards the soldiers as heroes while criticizing those who decide to act in wars as well as those who command soldiers to sacrifice their lives. Stanza one describes the soldiers as...
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...Do you agree with the view that Mary Seacole, and not Florence Nightingale, was the real “angel of mercy” in the Crimea? I perceive that the claim that Mary Seacole was in fact more useful, brave and a greater figure of inspiration for the British soldiers than Florence Nightingale is correct. Although contempories gave all the official credit to Nightingale, racial prejudices may well have influenced this. Seacole did receive praise from men well positioned to view her real effectiveness such as William Russell. The fact that Seacole was at the scene of the war and all its hardships, as highlighted in source V, also means she fulfills the term angel of mercy more than Nightingale in Scutari. It can be surmised from the idyllic nature of the scene that source U is a Government propaganda painting, or at least produced by someone in favor of the war and Nightingales efforts. It is a contempory painting from 1856 which lends itself to this view and therefore the painter would not have had the benefit of hindsight or the ability to study sources. Therefore it is more likely to reflect the general mood of the time. Hence the hospital in Scutari is seen looking remarkably clean and spacious, with almost as many surgeons and nurses as patients. The historical evidence is that this was simply not the case. In reality the squalid conditions and lack of qualified surgeons meant death rates in Scutari were incredibly high. Florence Nightingale herself, in her biography, wrote...
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...appreciated by the soldiers whilst everyone is surrounded by death and illness. The report describes her as a ‘ministering angel’, which everyone’s face softens when they see her, supporting the evidence of her helping the ill and diseased. This source does not entirely support the view that Florence Nightingale was largely the cause for improved British Soldier’s medical care. The newspaper in which the article was written for was the main paper at the time in Britain, therefore it is most likely to give a positive opinion on Florence and her work for it wanted the rest of the country to acknowledge her greatness and angel like approach. Her popularity grew in Britain, even the queen was impressed. The fact the source was written during the Crimean War could have also reassured people at home that the soldiers are being well cared for and comforted. To me, this source suggests that she was just a friendly enlightening person, it states no information whether or not she helped, she was just there to provide a hand. I can apply my own knowledge to this, as although the source mentions no word of improving the medical condition, it is known that the introduction of proper sanitation meant the death rate of soldiers dying from infection fell from 42% to 2%. Nightingale was one of the first nurses to travel to Scutari hospital along with Mary Seacole, as known, she was highly respected in the medicine field of work where she...
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...understood the need for change. The need for reform was evident a long time before Alexander II became Tsar of Russia. Alexander II believed that part of his responsibility involved developing and improving the power and prestige of Russia. This was done to restore the country’s dignity and assisting Russia to become a leading power of Europe. Furthermore Alexander II knows that any reforms he made had to modernise and strengthen Russia as well as maintain autocracy. Alexander II embarked on the reform programme for the following reasons: * Russia was at a crossroads. * It had suffered defeat in the Crimean War. * There had been peasant unrest caused by his father’s decision to recruit a militia in January 1855. * The Crimean war had caused the government a large financial problem. This resulted in a debt burden of one billion roubles. The defeat in the Crimean War concentrated the minds of Alexander II and his advisors. This defeat also discredited the entire regime and forced Alexander II to acknowledge that there were military deficiencies that were a deeper refection of the problem faced within Russian Society. Knowing the above Alexander II embarked a series of reformation programs, he intended to modernise Russia’s and redirect his empire’s development trajectory. Alexander II had both long term and short term plans. One can follow the influencing factors of these sudden decisions, the manner in which they were enforced to finally conclude on the effects...
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...chose is known as the traditional nursing lamp, this lamp is given to a nurse during the pinning ceremony upon successful completion of a nursing program. The lamps history dates back to the 1850’s when Florence Nightingale used a lamp to help guide her at night while she tended to the injured and sick during the Crimean War. Florence Nightingale is the woman who molded the profession of nursing known today. Ms. Nightingale carried a lamp that looks nothing like the traditional nursing lamp, her lamp was a Turkish style lantern,(www.florence-nightingale-collections.co.uk). The lamp was made like an accordion and was made with linen cloth or paper wrapped around thin wire and held together with two metal ends, usually made of copper. A candle was used for the light. Today’s nursing lamp resembles a “genie” lamp and is mostly made from ceramic although there are ones made from other materials, such as silver. Today’s nursing lamps can be personalized or have the nursing schools insignia on it. Ms. Nightingale was given the nickname of “The Lady with the Lamp”, by the people she gave aid to during the Crimean War. The nursing lamp is considered a symbol of the care and devotion that a nurse will provide to the injured or sick during his or her nursing career. (www.nursingworld.org/functionalmenucategories/aboutana/wherewecamefrom/florence nightingale). The first nurse pinning ceremony took place in the 1860’s and at this...
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...Theory and the Nursing Process The theoretical basis for public and community nurses began in the nineteenth century with Florence Nightingale. Nightingale believed in the prevention and surveillance of diseases. She further believed that a disease was more prevalent in poor environments. She proved that good health was more prevalent with a good environment for instance providing adequate ventilation, clean water, warmth, light, and cleanliness during the Crimean War (Allender, Rector, & Warner, 2014). The public and community health nurse can affect change in behavior by providing education of the basic principles of the Nightingale theory. The theory brings to light the relationship between good health and a good environment ("Community Health Nursing," 2013). The educating migrant farm workers about the need for adequate ventilation in farm labor camps to help prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis. The community and public health nurse must develop a teaching strategy for the population in need of education. The educational theorist Malcolm Knowles proposed andragogy or the art of teaching adults. One of Knowles beliefs was that adults accumulate a reservoir of experiences to draw from and another is the adult must know why they need to learn something new (Roebuck, Morgan, MacDonald, Shumer, & McCune, 2015). The strengths of the Nightingale nursing theory are simple and easy change to an environment can have a large impact on healthy outcome. ...
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...nurse("Cassandra"). Despite the harsh childhood she endured, she did not let that stop what she thought was her calling. The Crimean War defined Florence Nightingale as the mother of nursing(“Birth of the nursing profession”). During the Crimean War, she dramatically reduced the death rates in hospitals by getting rid of the filth and establishing order("Cassandra"). After becoming famous and making herself a career, she brought nursing to the job force ("Cassandra"). Florence Nightingale inspired others to become the caregiver of the sick and injured resulting in modern day...
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...Alexander II faced several major problems during his reign, largely stemming from the negative implications of Russia’s system of serfdom that stifled economic and industrial growth, as well as Russia’s outdated and ineffective military that limited Russia’s presence in Europe and demonstrated her lacking industrial sector. Alexander was shown to be a keen reformer and managed to effectively tackle these problems, with his emancipation of the serfs, followed by his overseeing of successful economic and military reforms. Arguably the greatest problem that faced Russia in 1855 was the outdated and feudal – like system of serfdom which lagged far behind the social infrastructures of other major European nations. This system, in which over 23 million serfs were forced to work for their food and keep under private landowners, Nobles, and the state, was both economically inefficient (as Russia required a free labour force for industry and internal markets to grow) and attracted rising opposition to the Tsarist autocratic rule. For these reasons, Alexander decided to emancipate the serfs in an attempt to quell unrest and bring Russia “up to date”, famously stating: “It is better to abolish serfdom from above than to await the time when it will begin to abolish itself from below”. This shows that Alexander II saw the threat of grievances among the serfs with the ruling administration and wished to protect his own position from threatening opposition. This desire for self-preservation...
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