...Criminal Identification Procedures Fingerprint and palm print, Camera and wiretap surveillance Everything in life evolves and takes another form. Crime is no exception it does the same thing as well. Crime is changing in the modern world we live in today and criminals are more sophisticated and intelligent then before. The computer world has brought many technological advancements and even the criminal justice system have benefit from it. One of the most useful gifts that was given to the system was fingerprint and palm print. This advancement brought with it advantages and disadvantages. The effects of these advances on the constitution can be surprising. The advances also effect the efficiency of the criminal justice system from the perspective of crime control. These crucial findings can lead to recommendations concerning the use and reliance on these advances. Fingerprints From the womb to death, one thing that never changes is a person’s fingerprints. Fingerprinting identification in the criminal justice system has been in existence for more than 100 years. Its first use in the United States was in 1902. Because of everyone’s unique fingerprint map or features, no two individuals are alike. On the other hand, a person’s physical characteristics are subject to change over time. Fingerprinting...
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...Criminal Identification procedures in the 21 Century CJA 364 Everything in life evolves and takes another form. Crime is no exception it does the same thing as well. Crime is changing in the modern world we live in today and criminals are more sophisticated and intelligent then before. The computer world has brought many technological advancements and even the criminal justice system has benefit from it. One of the most useful gifts that was given to the system was fingerprint and palm print. This advancement brought with it advantages and disadvantages. The effects of these advances on the constitution can be surprising. The advances also effect the efficiency of the criminal justice system from the perspective of crime control. These crucial findings can lead to recommendations concerning the use and reliance on these advances. The act makes it a federal offense to knowingly transfer or use, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person with the intent to commit, or to aid or abet, any unlawful activity that constitutes a violation of federal law or that constitutes a felony under any applicable state or local law. (Schmalleger, 2010, ch. 9). Advantages and Disadvantages “Fingerprint-based criminal checks can be a valuable...
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...Criminal Identification Procedures in the 21st Century Within the criminal justice system many technological advances exist to assist law enforcement officials in identifying a criminal suspect. The technological advances that continue to assist the criminal justice system in these identifications are Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) analysis, biometric identification, Intra-agency databases for DNA, fingerprinting and palm printing, and camera and wiretap surveillance. Each aspect serves a specific purpose in making certain that the right person is properly identified for the crimes that they commit. Each technological aspect makes certain that the criminal justice system can prove without a doubt that the person under arrest is the person responsible for committing the crime. Criminal Identification Procedures Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) analysis is an examination method that allows any organism to be identified, by its genetic sequences. DNA analysis is highly accurate, important, and used all across the world for important reasons. The main purpose for DNA analysis is identifying individuals who are suspects in criminal cases, identifying victims or their remains when other means of identity is not possible. The advantages of DNA analysis are reliable, accurate results, and helps solving old and new cases. The disadvantage of DNA analysis is it reveals information on physical state, this information is sensitive and must be guarded. Biometric Identification is a system based...
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...Innocence at Stake: Possibility of DNA Collection from Arrestees in Canada Md Washim Ahmed ABSTRACT Followed by a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, which approved the collection of a defendant’s DNA upon arrests under the Fourth Amendment, the Minister of Justice, Peter MacKay indicated in an interview with the Globe and Mail that he and his Ministry are considering a similar model for Canada. This paper examines the possibility of a similar legislative framework in Canada and argues that although collection of DNA upon arrests was found justified under the Fourth Amendment, it does not necessarily mean that it will be found justified under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. While s.8 of the Charter seems to give similar protection as the Fourth Amendment, they have very different requirements for judicial authorization, reasonableness and standard of “probable cause”. Scrutinizing those different requirements and standards, this paper holds that the process of DNA collection is highly intrusive and would be a serious violation of s.8 of the Charter as it could reveal an excessive amount of private information about an individual over which he/she has a strong reasonable expectation of privacy. Furthermore, it will deprive people from their right to be presumed innocent, which is protected under s.11 (d) and significantly impact socially marginalized groups. Finally, this paper conducts an analysis of the violations under s.1 of...
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...How DNA has changed the Criminal Justice System Dorothy Harris Professor Sean Kelley Information Technology in Criminal Justice November 9, 2011 How DNA has changed 1 The technology has changed many aspects of the criminal justice system, and the use of DNA evidence represents one of the best examples on how technology has change the criminal justice system. The use of DNA has changed by allowing other materials beside blood to be used as identification. The DNA technology is behind what it takes in solving criminal cases, and the meaning between guilty and not guilty or life or death. There are various ways that the criminal justice system uses DNA technology. DNA has been used to analyze and prove innocence or guilty of suspects of crimes with great accuracy. DNA is part of everyday life. IT is the heredity material in humans abs almost all other organisms. In 1994, the DNA Identification Act established a national DNA database, run by the FBI, called CODIS (Combined DNA Identification System), which links all states. While the creation of DNA databases often can be defended case by case, the development of this technology serves an end in itself apart from any particular application. It provides an inescapable means of identification, categorization, and profiling, and it does so with a type of information that is revelatory...
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...1) Bincangkan bagaimanakah pengecaman (identification) seseorang suspek boleh dibuat menurut Seksyen 9 (Akta Keterangan 1950). 2) Nyatakan juga permasalahan dan cabaran-cabaran (jika ada) yang terdapat dalam teknik pengecaman tersebut dengan merujuk kepada autoriti yang relevan. Identification of Person a)Identification by fingerprint Fingerprint Identification is the method of identification using the impressions made by the minute ridge formations or patterns found on the fingertips. No two persons have exactly the same arrangement of ridge patterns, and the patterns of any one individual remain unchanged throughout life. Fingerprints offer an infallible means of personal identification. Other personal characteristics may change, but fingerprints do not. By comparing fingerprints at the scene of a crime with the fingerprint record of suspected persons, officials can establish absolute proof of the presence or identity of a person. Fingerprint is a biometric modality that is often used in a security setting. Fingerprint databases are in use worldwide for the purposes of personal identification, border control as well as to facilitate criminal forensic investigation. Many countries have multiple fingerprint databases, with each database serving a specific purpose. In Malaysia, there are at least 4 different fingerprint databases; namely PDRM-MAFIS (Polis Di Raja Malaysia- Malaysian Automated Fingerprint Identification System), PDRM-BIOFIS (Polis Di Raja Malaysia-Biometric...
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...How DNA has changed the Criminal Justice System Information Technology in the Criminal Justice System Professor Cynthia Orth Tyrone S. Gibbs 11/21/2010 1 The use of Dna has changed the Criminal Justice System by allowing other materials beside blood to be used as identification. Before the advent of DNA testing, human identify testing was carried out mostly by using blood typing DNA analysis has now passed blood testing and is now the most accurate method currently available for human identification. DNA testing is used in determining parentage but is more widely known for the use in criminal cases. DNA testing is a powerful and reliable form of forsenic evidence that can beyond a shadow of a doubt reveal whether a person is innocence or guilt. One of the disadvantages however, is many prisoners do not have the legal means to secure testing or evidence in their cases. Some states have passed statues that include barriers to testing that are almost impossible to surpass. This is a obstacle that will keep innocent people from securing DNA test to prove their innocent. One of the advantges of DNA is that by using DNA fingerprinting is the use in solving crimes. Since DNA is found in almost every cell in the body, any portion of the human body can be used to establish identity. Just by the use 2 of a single strand of hair, a piece of skin, nail, a drop of blood or saliva can establish guilt or innoccence. Since it is impossible to remove all bodily or physical traes...
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...Forensics History Theresia L. Coates Criminal Justice 1010 Forensics History What does Forensics mean? How old is forensic science? When it was first applied to the law? How has the Forensic science changed the arrest and prosecution success of criminals? The term "forensic" comes from the Latin and means, simply, having to do with the law. How has Forensics evolved from the beginning until today? Let us delve into the history of forensics and its blossoming partnership with the law. Surprisingly, Forensic Science has been around and used in criminal investigations in some manner since before the Roman Empire making it centuries old. It has only been within the last century that law enforcement agencies and the court systems have come to rely so heavily on the use of scientific practices in crime scene investigations.1 The first application of forensic science was by the Roman physician Antistius in the year 44 B.C., whom examined the body of Julius Caesar. He determined even though the dictator was stabbed 23 times, only one wound through his chest caused his actual death. This autopsy is thought to be the first one recorded and the start of using forensic science. Here in the Greek and Roman society extensive knowledge was developed regarding the production, use and symptoms of various poisons, making it possible to identify their use in previously undetected murders. Thanks to these western civilizations advances in the medical field as well as pharmacology were...
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...known to vary among individuals a great deal, and analyse those to get a certain probability of a match. Applications of DNA Fingerprinting 1. Paternity and Maternity Because a person inherits his or her VNTRs from his or her parents, VNTR patterns can be used to establish paternity and maternity. The patterns are so specific that a parental VNTR pattern can be reconstructed even if only the children's VNTR patterns are known (the more children produced, the more reliable the reconstruction). Parent-child VNTR pattern analysis has been used to solve standard father-identification cases as well as more complicated cases of confirming legal nationality and, in instances of adoption, biological parenthood. 2. Criminal Identification and Forensics DNA isolated from blood, hair, skin cells, or other genetic evidence left at the scene of a crime can be compared, through VNTR patterns, with the DNA of a criminal suspect to determine guilt or innocence. VNTR patterns are also useful in establishing the identity of a homicide victim, either from...
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...Functional Area Interrelationships Paper Steven Stoney BUS/475 May 22, 2013 David Bonilla Functional Area Interrelationships Paper Thesis statement: Even though the main argument of this topic would be business functions of an organization, knowing about the key functions of how a business functions as an organization. Because they analyze some of their key organizational structures employed by the organization and how they identify their key stakeholders and how their roles are being used to achieve the organizations goals. Introduction: In my introduction on the paper of functional area interrelationships in an organization I will be using a virtual organization from the University of Phoenix website (University of Phoenix, 2013). The organization that I will be writing my paper is going to be on Kudler Fine Foods. In this paper I will be discussing the primary reasons of why Kudler fine foods is in existence from an analysis point of view of their mission statement, vision, values, and goals. I will discuss on how this organization identifies their different business functions from an employed business. Analyze the reason for the type of organizational structure employed by the organization, and identify the key positions that support that organizational structure. In this paper I will be identifying the key stakeholders and their roles needed to achieve the organizational goals, and recommend the collaborative interactions among the key stakeholders to facilitate...
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...Training cycle (This is a replication of Page 4 of the Framework of Standards for Magistrate Training and Development) Stage 1 - Identification of training needs This initial stage of the training cycle addresses finding out if there is, or identifying, a training need. If a need is identified, it is at this stage that who needs trained (target audience), in what and how you will know the training has had the intended impact success criteria* of the training should be identified. This stage will help those who identify training needs to consider why the training is required and its expected outcome and impact. * How you will measure if the training has met the original need i.e. brought about intended change in behaviour, performance etc. Stage 2 - Design of training solutions This stage covers planning, design and development of magistrate training. It aims to ensure that a systematic and consistent approach is adopted for all training solutions. Training solutions cover face to face training and open and flexible learning including e-learning. Stage 3 - Delivery of training solutions This stage of the training cycle ensures that the delivery of the training is effective and provides opportunities for the learners to learn. This will involve choosing the most appropriate format for meeting training needs, and taking advantage of different training methods. Stage 4 - Application of training in the court environment ...
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...Reading Response: O’Brien pgs. 173 – 198 Prompt: Make a list of 5 of your most important beliefs and values, and 5 expectations or goals you have for yourself. Identify the groups reflected in this list of ideals. Write a paragraph that traces the origins of your identification with these groups. Response: I have many beliefs and values beginning with everyone should be treated equally, regardless of race or beliefs. I believe that people should have the right to believe what they choose to believe, and I also believe that people should respect the differences in others’ beliefs. I value individuality, conformity is boring. I also value creativity, I feel like it allows one to free you from the world. I have a hefty amount of goals and expectations beginning with graduating college of course. I expect myself to be very successful and will work hard until I am that. I expect myself to graduate in the next two years. I expect myself to have a family after I graduate and marry my boyfriend. I expect to teach my children proper goals they should set for themselves. I have the goal of becoming a successful news editor or news anchor. All of these beliefs, values and expectations are traced back to my mother. She is the strongest woman I know, and has taught me the same. I have been disciplined and brought up in all of the right ways because of her and would not be who I am or where I am today without that wonderful woman I call my mother. I am forever grateful and hopefully can...
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...Capstone Project Milestone #1: Guidelines and Rubric PURPOSE Clear identification of the problem or opportunity is the first step in evidence-based nursing. This first milestone offers two tools to assist in the identification and gathering of evidence to link the problem, proposed intervention, and desired outcomes. Completion of the milestone will include identification of the problem or concern using the PICOT format and a literature search to find evidence to support an intervention that will change the outcomes. COURSE OUTCOMES This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes: CO4 Develops and outlines a scientific, systematic decision-making process to integrate critical thinking with clinical judgment to assure safe and effective outcomes. (PO #4) CO8 Selects evidence for best practice when planning professional nursing care for individuals, families, aggregates, and communities. (PO #8) DUE DATE Milestone #1 consists of the completion of one worksheet that contains to parts (i.e., the PICOT portion and the Literature Search portion). Submit the worksheet with the two portions completed to the Dropbox by the end of Week 2. POINTS This milestone is worth 200 points (100 for each portion of the worksheet). DIRECTIONS 1. Read this document including the grading rubrics below. 2. Download the PICOT/Literature Search Worksheet from Doc Sharing.Consider what is the nursing problem or issue that you have uncovered. Make sure it is related...
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...The private sector job market follows strict hiring standards. Each individual recognizes himself as a personal brand or a marketing product. A personal brand centers on identifying an individual’s value, and how he or she benefits a potential employer (Aspire.com, 2014). Perspective employers use technical hiring methods and pre-employment studies aimed at locating potential employees with a positive image. The corporate goal includes locating and investing in an influential business leader (Marrs, 2012). The 360˚Reach-Personal Brand Assessment identifies brand attributes, personal brand skills, strengths and weaknesses with projective exercises for recognizing each member’s team role. This exercise highlights detailed information about the effectiveness for each group member and what valuable skills he or she provides for the team (Reach Communication Consulting, Inc., 2009). Brand Attributes Attributes identify personal values for each group member and how his or her strengths influence the team (Reach Communication Consulting, Inc., 2009). This survey recognizes the daily motivation for each team member. The attributes from each team member provide a balance within the team, which overcomes any challenge or conflict. One strategy helping the team cohesion includes embracing the unique skills each member provides for the group (Reach Communication Consulting, Inc., 2009). Personal Brand Skills Personal branding focuses on marketing you as a high-valued employee...
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...collected, there are numerous individuals who will have access to it before the case goes to trial. The investigator, evidence technician, property officer, laboratory technician, prosecutor and defense attorney all may have custody. Each individual in this chain has a responsibility for the safe-keeping and preservation of the evidence while it is in their possession. Initial Collection * Before any evidence is removed from the crime scene, there should be an evidence custodian designated as the person in charge of initiating and maintaining all evidence. This person needs to document the crime scene location, as well as his time of arrival. There should also be a crime scene log established, witness list and documentation of identification, arrival and departure times of all law enforcement crime scene personnel. Record Keeping * The investigator who handles the evidence initially should affix her name, badge number and assignment to the package containing the evidence. When the evidence leaves the officer's possession, a record should be made in her case notes identifying to whom the evidence was given, the date and time, and the reason it was turned over. A signed receipt should be obtained from the person accepting the evidence and another signed receipt should be obtained when the item is returned. When the item is returned, the officer should examine the item and determine if the item is in the same condition as when it was discovered DNA Evidence *...
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