...Critically evaluate Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as way of understanding employee motivation in contemporary Chinese business Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a famous psychological theory developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. This theory says that there is a hierarchy of human needs which reflects their motivations. He divided human needs into five hierarchies: physical needs, security needs, social needs, self-esteem and self-actualization needs. He stated that human motivations approximately change through these five levels. As a result, it has been considered as a useful tool in management in western countries because motivation is an important factor of human behaviors. Motivation plays an important role in employment. Well motivated workers work harder with higher efficiency and have a stronger sense of participation. However, some criticisms point out that Maslow’s theory may not be able to applied in some other culture contexts like China because it is based on a narrow research with particular targets in America. That is to say that Maslow’s theory is not correct in all nations because of cultural differences, especially in China. This essay will give a critical evaluation of this theory by considering its advantages and defects of Maslow’s theory to see whether it is useful in China. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is generally useful and makes a great contribution to business management. There are several advantages of Maslow’s theory. First, this theory clearly reflects human...
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...employee’s motivation and rewards on the job. The paper will review Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory. The paper will link McClelland’s Theory of Learned Needs to Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy Theory. The paper concludes with job design a key motivational tool and recommendations. Needs Analysis Needs Theories Theories of motivation and rewards play a significant role in organizational behavior. Business leader are focused on employee engagement since it determines employee performance. The first thing is to figure out what foster motivational “forces” in an employee. McShane and Von Glinow (2012) states drive is the primary need to boost individual and to correct shortcoming while maintaining an inner sense of balance. Needs is secondary to drives and his goal-directed that forces knowledge. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory has five levels of hierarchy needs, bottom of the hierarchy is physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem and self-actualization top of the hierarchy. Maslow states when the lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher need would motivate employees and become primary (McShane & Von Glinow, 2012). McClelland’s Theory examines three levels of needs. People with achievement need wants to set and achieve challenging goals on their own. While people with affiliation need wants to like and/or wants to belong to a group, dislike confrontation and approval seekers. Finally, people with need for power are controlling, competitive and loves to win arguments...
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...TWO theories of motivation. Suggest how a team leader might use these theories to motivate their team. Motivation and its connection to job satisfaction is a widely discussed topic in today’s world. According to Fincham and Rhodes (2005) there is a large database of research on those concepts. As motivation can be described as the feeling of fulfilment, satisfaction and desire for self-development of an individual (Rosenfeld & Wilson, 1999), it is undeniably an important issue to any manager or team leader. This essay will try to find the similarities and the differences between two of the main content motivation theories, namely Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer’s ERG theory, and the extent to which they can be applied in organizations. It will also suggest ways in which leaders can apply them. One of the most influencing content theories of motivation is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Fincham and Rhodes, 2005). He believed that human needs can be organized in the so called ‘hierarchy of relative prepotency’ (Maslow, 1970, p. 17). He outlined five levels of human satisfaction – physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. Each of those needs is consequently arising once the previous is sufficiently gratified. Hence if one is insecure and endangered, their only motivator will be the need of safety and higher-level needs like need for belongingness and love won’t appear. This would mean that until a certain need is satisfied...
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... Page Executive Summary Page Types of Motivation Page Theories of Motivation Page Decision-Making Process Page Importance of Motivation within the Decision Making- Process Page Conclusion Page Bibliography Page Declaration of Work I declare that all the work included in this assignment has been completed by myself, as were referenced. [pic] ‘Motivation is concerned with the strength and direction of behaviour and the factors that influence people to behave in certain ways. The term ‘motivation’ can refer variously to the goals individuals have, the ways in which individuals chose their goals and the ways in which others try to change their behaviour’. (Armstrong 2009) The three components of motivation, Arnold et al (1991) ○ Direction – what a person is trying to do. ○ Effort – how hard a person is trying. ○ Persistence – how long a person keeps on trying. Evan et al suggests motivation theories differ according to what is emphasised. While there is general agreement that motivation is about the drive or energy that compels people to act with energy and persistence...
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...The Influence of Maslow's Humanistic Views on an Employee's Motivation to Learn Wilson, Ian; Madsen, Susan R. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship13.2 (Apr 2008): 46-62. Turn on hit highlighting for speaking browsers Hide highlighting Abstract (summary) Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Full Text Headnote Executive Summary Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace...
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...Executive MBA COHORT 16 (1st Year) ACADEMIC YEAR 2008-2009 Module Title: Understanding Organizational Behavior Title Theory Application in Practical Organizational Behavior Issues Module Leader: Mr. Ioannis Papaconstantinou Student’s Name: Nikola Ognenovski Word count: 2972 1. Abstract The assignment examines two subject areas of the Organizational Behavior Unit through critical analysis of the concrete work situations and proposes possible argued solutions, supported by academic literature and incorporating aspects of different organizational behavior theories. In the first case study, we present how the need theories of motivation (Maslow’s hierarchy pyramid, Alderfer ERG Theory and Herzberg’s duality theory) are applied, by analyzing the concrete individual behavior of an employee in given work situation. In addition, achievers needs based on McClelland are also addressed. At the end, by summarizing the overall particular situation, we are suggesting a proposal based on the findings from several motivation theories, in order to resolve the elaborated motivation problem. In the second case study, we present the organizational structure of a large telecommunication company which fits to classical departmentalization by business functions. We analyze the organizational structure of this company, addressing its weaknesses in a situation when the market is changing fast and rapidly. At the end, we made a recommendation based on Mintzberg adhocracy organization...
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...itself, without further reflection. There are few humans on this planet who do not question or reflect on their motivation for certain tasks every day. And yet, it is such an underdeveloped field of research. There are many theories, but from their diversity we can gleam their inability to capture the complexity of human motivation in a simple, natural way. Kleinginna et al. (1981) suggested that motivation can be referred to those energizing/arousing mechanisms with relatively direct access to the final common motor pathways, which have the potential to facilitate and direct some motor circuits while inhibiting others. The mechanisms sometimes may influence sensory input and analysis as well. Kleinginna et al. (1981) recognized at least two obstacles to acceptance of a restrictive definition; first, the specific physiological mechanisms are difficult to identify completely and second, the non-psychologist commonly uses the term motivation in the all-inclusive sense. Wikipedia define motivation as the activation or energization of goal-oriented behavior. Motivation may be intrinsic or extrinsic. [...] According to various theories, motivation may be rooted in the basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure, or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting, or a desired object, hobby, goal, state of being, ideal, or it may be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism, morality, or avoiding mortality. We all want to be more productive but...
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...ARTICLES A Kind Word for Theory X: Or Why So Many Newfangled Management Techniques Quickly Fail Michael P. Bobic Emmanuel College William Eric Davis Community College Southern Nevada ABSTRACT Forty-three years ago, Douglas McGregor’s The Human Side of Enterprise offered managers a new assumption of management (Theory Y), which would be more effective than what he considered then-current management assumptions (Theory X). While McGregor’s Theory Y model has been widely adopted in management literature as the preferred model, Theory X management still persists in practice. Moreover, many efforts to introduce management initiatives based on Theory Y have failed to reform the workplace or worker attitudes. While most explanations of these failures focus on training, implementation, or sabotage, this article proposes several defects in Theory Y that have contributed to these failures. Theory Y is based upon an incomplete theory of human motivation that erroneously assumes that all people are creative (and want to be creative) in the same way. Important research by Michael Kirton presents a different model of creativity that explains the failure of Theory Y and justifies Theory X as an important managerial theory and strategy. Theory X persists not because of circumstances or the nature of particular jobs, but because different people have personalities that respond to Theory X management better than to Theory Y management. But if the times and circumstances change, [a...
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...Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] You have requested "on-the-fly" machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Show full disclaimer Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations...
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...treated fairly. This follows into my working life where I try to ensure that I treat all of my staff fairly and give each person the opportunity to progress in their career. A value is a principle or standard of behaviour and is a person’s judgement of what is important in life, the importance, worth or usefulness of something. A company may have a set of values that may be different to your own, in time you may accept these values as your own. Our values may be added to over time for instance as you start your working life you may value earning money and progressing in your career, as you have a family you may value family time over career progression. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model shows the value of money in turn providing food, warmth and shelter which are out basic needs in life, once we have met our basic needs then we are able to reach our full potential. This model is explored further in section AC 2.1 A persons attitude is influenced by their values and beliefs, in my previous employment I believed that as a female staff member I was...
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...OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter, students should be able to: • State the underlying assumption of the classical management approaches. • List the principles of Taylor’s scientific management. • List three of Fayol’s “principles” for guiding managerial action. • List the key characteristics of bureaucracy and explain why Weber considered it an ideal form of organization. • Identify possible disadvantages of bureaucracy in today’s environment. • Explain Follett’s concept of organizations as communities. • Define the Hawthorne effect. • Explain how the Hawthorne findings influenced the development of management thought. • Explain how Maslow’s hierarchy of needs operates in the workplace. • Distinguish between Theory X and Theory Y assumptions, and explain why McGregor favored Theory Y. • Explain Argyris’s criticism that traditional organizational practices are inconsistent with mature adult personalities. • Define system, subsystem, and open system. • Apply these concepts to describe the operations of an organization in your community. • Define contingency thinking, knowledge management, and a learning organization. • List characteristics of learning organizations. • Describe evidence-based management and its link with scientific methods. CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW Historical records indicate that people have been “getting things done through others” since at least biblical times. In all likelihood, prehistoric people also practiced...
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...psychologists study human meanings, understandings, and experiences involved in growing, teaching and learning. They emphasize characteristics that are shared by all human beings such as love, grief, caring and self worth. Humanistic psychologists study how people are influenced by their self-perceptions and the person meanings attached to their experiences. Humanistic psychologists are not primarily concerned with instinctual drives, responses to external stimuli, or past experiences. Rather, they consider conscious choices, responses to internal needs, and current circumstances to be important in shaping human behavior. Humanistic theory is based upon the idea that everyone has the potential to make a contribution to society and be a good and likeable person - if their needs are fulfilled. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers led the humanistic theory movement and it was Maslow who developed the "pyramid of needs". Maslow believed that fulfilling the needs - in the correct order - would allow individuals to become self actualised, fully...
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...treated fairly. This follows into my working life where I try to ensure that I treat all of my staff fairly and give each person the opportunity to progress in their career. A value is a principle or standard of behaviour and is a person’s judgement of what is important in life, the importance, worth or usefulness of something. A company may have a set of values that may be different to your own, in time you may accept these values as your own. Our values may be added to over time for instance as you start your working life you may value earning money and progressing in your career, as you have a family you may value family time over career progression. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model shows the value of money in turn providing food, warmth and shelter which are out basic needs in life, once we have met our basic needs then we are able to reach our full potential. This model is explored further in section AC 2.1 A persons attitude is influenced by their values and beliefs, in my previous employment I believed that as a female staff member I was...
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...A Report On Case Study: Keeping Suzanne Chalmers Tanvir Mohammad Azim (1301315) M Sc Project Management 11/20/2013 * A Report On * Case Study: Keeping Suzanne Chalmers A Report On Case Study: Keeping Suzanne Chalmers Unit Name: Human Side of Management Unit Code: SHR034-6 Tanvir Mohammad Azim Student ID: 1301315 M Sc Project Management University of Bedfordshire Date: 21.11.2013 List of Figure Figure No | Title | Page No | 01 | Maslow's hierarchy of needs and related aspects a t work | 11 | 02 | Four Drive Model | 12 | Contents Term of Reference 4 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Purpose of the Report 5 1.2 Methodology of the Report 5 1.3 Scope of the Report 6 1.4 Limitations of the Report 6 2. Background: Case Study in a Brief 6 3. Existing Motivational Theories 7 4. Situation Analysis-Findings and Explanation 9 5. Conclusion 11 List of References 12 Bibliography 13 Term of Reference The report is based on analyzing ‘Suzanne Chalmers Case Study’ to find the reason behind to quit herself from Advanced Photonics Ltd. It also tried to suggest what types of job design must take by the APL for future action to reduce such situation like Suzanne. 1. Introduction Modern business world becomes more competitive over last few decades. Business concepts runs so fast and peoples engaged with that type business as an employ also make them more outward looking and sensible. According to a recent data for...
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...Qualification | Unit number and title | Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Business (QCF) | Unit 47: Employability Skills Level 5 | Student name and ID number | Assessor name | | | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | 25thJanuary 2016 | | | Internal Verifier | | Assignment title | Training and Development- GE | InstructionsAbbreviation | * An electronic copy of your assessment must be fully uploaded by the deadline date and time. * You must submit one single PDF or MS Office Word document. Any relevant images or screenshots must be included within the same MS Office Word or PDF document. * The last version you upload will be the one that is marked. Your paper will be marked if you have indicated this as your final submission. * Review the mitigating circumstances policy for information relating to extensions. * The file size must not exceed 20MB. * Answer the criteria in order, clearly indicating the pass criteria number. * Ensure that all work has been proof-read and checked prior to submission. * Ensure that the layout of your documents are in a professional format with font style Arial, font size 12 for the text, font 14 for sub heading and font 16 for main heading, line spacing 1.5 and justified. * Use the Harvard referencing system; otherwise it will be considered as plagiarised work. * Ensure that you back-up your work regularly and apply version control to your documents. * Ensure that any file you upload is virus-free...
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