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Critically Evaluate the Theory of Mind Hypothesis of Autism

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Critically evaluate the theory of mind hypothesis of autism

Childhood Autism is a rare and severe developmental disorder that affects about 4 in every 10,000 children (Baron-Cohen, Leslie & Frith, 1985). Autism affects how an individual communicates, socialises and even how they make sense of the world around them. Many theories have tried to explain what causes autism in an attempt to achieve greater understanding of the disorder and potentially aid those with autism to live happier and more fulfilling lives. In this essay I will be focusing on the symptoms of autism, the ‘theory of mind’ hypothesis and its strengths and weaknesses.

The three main symptoms of autism were outlined by Wing and Gould (1979) and are known as the triad of impairments. These three impairments were identified as communication, socialisation and imagination. Many studies have found a distinct lack of communication skills in autistic children. Prior et al. (1998) found that autistic infants don’t attempt ‘babbling’ and they don’t follow the usual patterns of language development displayed by most infants, such as being able to speak simple one syllable words by the age of one, which over half of autistic children don’t do. Then, even when they begin to form understandable sentences, they often make grammatical errors and fail to use or comprehend emotional tone.
This impairment of communication, both verbal and non-verbal, most likely plays a part in a lack of social understanding and stable social relationships later in the child’s life, regardless of IQ. Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright (2003) found that individuals with autism find it much more difficult to form significant friendships, compared to those without autism. This may be partially due to the ‘insistence on sameness’ that autistic people have. They react much more severely to changes in their environment compared to most

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