...Crohn’s disease is a very serious and underrated disease. There is not much awareness about this disease; however it affects thousands of people a year. Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease, (IBD), named after an American gastroenterologist, Dr. Burill B. Crohn. This debilitating disease was further investigated by Dr. Crohn when an Italian physician Giovanni Battista Morgagni in 1969 diagnosed a young man with chronic diarrhea. Because of its symptoms, Crohn’s disease is often misdiagnosed, and conditions for patients only become worse. In 1913, Scottish physician T. Kennedy Dalziel reported nine cases in which patients were suffering from intestinal obstructions. This physician closely examined the patients inflamed bowel and found a characteristic of Crohn’s as describe by Dr. Crohn. The bowel had transmural inflammation with abdominal cramps, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. This disease was affecting typical young adults in the 1920’s and 1930’s. After several other findings reportedly being documented, Dr Crohn and his colleagues presented a paper on terminal ileitis describing the symptoms and findings of Crohn’s disease to the American Medical Association on May 13, 1932. The findings were given significant recognition, making it the fist time this condition was familiarized with the public in a widely-read journal. Crohn’s disease, also known as granulomatous enteritis and colitis, is an inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal...
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...Crohn's Disease Team C HCS/245 University of phoenix Crohn's Disease Crohn’s Disease is one of two forms of inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD). Often referred to as Regional enteritis, Crohns Disease, is a chronic inflammation of the intestines usually confined to the terminal portion of the small intestine. Crohn’s Disease could affect the stomach but could also affect as much as the entire colon. The two forms are similar in some symptoms but differ with location and severity as well as the measurement of treatment. Like Crohn’s Disease (CD) Ulcerative colitis (UC) are parts of a biologic continuum and distinct disorder. Initial suffers of (IBD) are classified with Indeterminate colitis. The signs and symptoms are so similar with the two disorders they can only be diagnosed by proper testing. There are various testing for Crohn’s Disease According to the Mayo Clinic some known ways of testing for Crohn’s Disease would be through blood test, fecal blood, colonoscopy , cat scan, or MRI. As with most other diseases and disorders there are certain risk factors that increases your chance of contracting said disorders. Becoming diagnosed with Crohn’s Disease is usually determined by the age of 30. Common risk factors for Crohn’s Disease are age: conditions are developed at a young age, ethnicity: white have higher risk, family history: if there is a close relative such as parent, siblings, or children that have been diagnosed with Crohn’s Disease, living...
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...and Physiology of Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease of the intestines with usually peak between 15 and 35. It is one of many Inflammatory bowl disease (IBD), and is sometimes also called Regional enteritis, Morbus Crohn’s, Terminal iletis, or Granulomatous enteritis. It primarily affects the small and large intestine, but can affect the digestive system anywhere between the mouth and the anus. It is named after the physician who examined the disease in a landmark paper written in 1932. Crohn's disease lasts for many years throughout life, and many patients require surgery at some point and even then they can have recurring symptoms. The cause of CD is unknown, although there are two major theories. One theory is that the structural changes in the cells of the bowel are perceived by the immune system as foreign and are attacked, leading to constant inflammation. The second theory is that an unknown type of bacterium persistently attacks the bowel, which also leads to constant inflammation. Patients with CD are usually nutritionally deficient which is mainly due to a decreased intake and malabsorption of nutrients. This tends to happen because certain parts of the abdomen might be inflamed so the patient may not be able to properly absorb the food, which can cause them to be deficient in certain vitamins and other nutrients. Although diet may affect the symptoms in patients with this disease, it appears unlikely that...
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...Crohn’s Disease affects approximately 700,000 people in the United States. While it is most common in people ages 15-35, anyone at any age can show symptoms. Men are also just as likely to have the disease as women are. If someone, such as a parent, have the disease you are more likely to show symptoms. The risk is also higher if the person is Jewish or African American. The causes of this disease are not clear but some think that genetics, diet, smoking and stress play a role in the irritation. The person’s environment seems to also play a role. For example, people who live in northern climates are more likely to have the disease as well as people in underdeveloped countries as opposed to the more developed ones. Crohn’s is one of the many diseases that fit into the Inflammatory Bowel Disease category. This disease is many times confused with ulcerative colitis. While their symptoms may be very similar, the thing that sets them apart is the part of the gastrointestinal tract that they affect. Crohn’s can affect the large intestine, the end of the small bowel, and the thickness of the bowel wall. Symptoms include persistent diarrhea, rectal bleeding, constipation, and abdominal cramps. If symptoms are not treated the disease can also lead to fatigue and weight loss. Crohn’s is also considered to be a chronic disease meaning that the person can experience periods of remission followed by flare ups. Only in the most severe cases does the disease cause fissures, or tears in the...
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... Kelly Flannery Imaging Sequences of Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease, a form of Irritable Bowl Syndrome, is an ongoing symptomatic disease that has affected as many as 1.4 million people in the United States.7 Although it may occur at any age, the most common onset for IBS is between 15 to 30 years old.7 IBS can be broken down into two categories such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.7 Crohn’s disease is one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose and uses a lot of distinctive tests such as X-ray, CT, MRI, Ultrasonography, and Nuclear Imaging. We will be investigating the optimum imaging sequences to analyze the cause, diagnosis, and treatments of Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease can incorporate any location of the gastrointestinal tract, but it usually affects the area in-between the small and large bowels.7 Although the cause of Crohn’s disease is widely unknown, there are numerous implicating factors. Genetics is proposed as it “is found among first-degree relatives, suggesting a strong genetic component” .7 Other factors that play a part in contributing to the disease can be environmental, for example, smoking and your diet.7 Infectious and Immunologic factors are also considered, such as preexisting infections as a child or the infectious bacterium, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP).3 The optimum imaging sequences to diagnose Crohn’s disease are plain radiography with barium studies, Computed Tomography, Magnetic...
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...Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease is a disease which causes chronic inflammatory swelling of the digestive tract. Patients suffering from Crohn’s develop ulcers anywhere from the mouth to the rectal area. The swelling can result in pain and can also cause diarrhea. The disease is more often developed among people ages 20 to 30, but it could affect people of all age groups. Once the disease begins, it tends to be recurrent with periods of remission. Although there are no known cures for the disease, there are several treatments available to help alleviate the symptoms. The disease is more common in relatives of patients with Crohn’s disease. Currently, Crohn’s disease is believed to be related to irregularities in the way the body’s immune system responds to food. In a normal immune system, the immune system protects the body from infections and there is no immune response directed against food, certain beneficial bacteria, and other substances in the intestines. However, in patients with Crohn’s disease their immune system can attack various substances within the intestines. This attack causes inflammation, bowel injuries, and ulcerations. This unusually active immune system is believed to be genetically inherited. First degree relatives of patients with Crohn’s disease (brothers, sons, and daughters) are more likely to develop the disease. There is no evidence that diet has anything to do with causing inflammation or Crohn's disease. No matter what a person consumes in their...
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...Crohn’s Disease Crohn's disease is named after the physician who described the disease in a paper written in 1972. It is also called Morbus Crohn's, Granulomatous enteritis, Regional enteritis, or Terminal ileitis. The disease is usually chronic, with recurrent periods, and also periods of remission. The spread of Crohn s disease into the world is getting worse, and there is still no cure or prevention known to the disease. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease ,IBD, the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestines. Crohn's disease can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and to another type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease may also be called ileitis or enteritis. Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation and ulcers in the top layer of the lining of the large intestine. Crohn's disease affects men and women equally and seems to run in some families. About 20 percent of people with Crohn's disease have a blood relative with some form of IBD, most often a brother or sister and sometimes a parent or child. The most common complication is blockage of the intestine. Blockage occurs because the disease tends to thicken the intestinal wall with swelling and scar tissue, narrowing the passage. Crohn's disease may also cause sores, or ulcers, that tunnel through the affected area into surrounding tissues such as the bladder, vagina, or skin. The areas...
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...Lifestyle or Medication? Anjelica Sharp HCA 240 December 14, 2014 Monica Chase Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It cause inflammation of the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract that can cause some serous symptoms. Some of the major symptoms include Persistent diarrhea or constipation. Other symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain and cramps, reduced appetite, and urgent bowel movements. This disease has two stages that switch around. Flare ups or periods or symptoms and troubles and remission a period of time when there are no symptoms. This disease normally affects people for the first time between 15 and 40 years of age. There are many ways to control or cope with this disease. Medication or Lifestyle changes. Lifestyle changes should always be tried before medication. Sometime medication is not needed with proper lifestyle changes. There are no current know way to prevent this disease. Lifestyle changes to control this disease are fairly simple. Keeping a good nutritional diet is important. Cutting out trigger foods like dairy can also be beneficial. This illness reduces the absorption rate of protein, vitamins, and minerals. So eating healthy and taking multivitamins is a great way to cope. Eating smaller meals and increasing liquid intake helps your body get the most out of what you eat. Reducing stress is another life style change that is important. Stress slows down digestion and produces more acid. Smoking...
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...A Crohn's disease Crohn’s disease a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, especially the colon and ileum, associated with ulcers and fistulae. Chromosomes affected When you eat food, your body gets the nutrients like protein, which keeps your body healthy. When your gastrointestinal tract processes the food it keeps the nutrients and gets rid of any waste. The gastrointestinal tract is the series of organs from the mouth to the anus. When you have Crohn's disease, your body's immune system begins attacking healthy cells in your gastrointestinal tract causing inflammation. Crohn’s is a disease in the immune system causing your body to produce antibodies that work against it’s self. (Crohn’s disease. Andy Abril, Copyright March 2013. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/basics/symptoms/con-20032061) Unfortunately, no one knows exactly what causes Crohn's, just that something in your body causes your immune system to overreact. It cause inflammation, irritation, or swelling in the gastrointestinal tract. The disease mainly affects the same intestine. Causes of the Disorder...
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...Crohn's disease is named after the physician who described the disease in a paper written in 1972. It is also called Morbus Crohn's, Granulomatous enteritis, Regional enteritis, or Terminal ileitis. The disease is usually chronic, with recurrent periods, and also periods of remission. The spread of Crohn s disease into the world is getting worse, and there is still no cure or prevention known to the disease. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease ,IBD, the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestines. Crohn's disease can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and to another type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease may also be called ileitis or enteritis. Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation and ulcers in the top layer of the lining of the large intestine. Crohn's disease affects men and women equally and seems to run in some families. About 20 percent of people with Crohn's disease have a blood relative with some form of IBD, most often a brother or sister and sometimes a parent or child. The most common complication is blockage of the intestine. Blockage occurs because the disease tends to thicken the intestinal wall with swelling and scar tissue, narrowing the passage. Crohn's disease may also cause sores, or ulcers, that tunnel through the affected area into surrounding tissues such as the bladder, vagina, or skin. The areas around the...
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...suffering from Regional Enteritis which is also referred as Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any area of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. Since there has not been any diagnosis made, the diagnosis that I would offer is to request lab tests and x rays to determine if the disease seems to appear in Barbara’s body. The types of test that I would run are barium x rays and other x rays for showing where and how severe Crohn's disease is. It’s helpful for finding any problems in parts of the small intestine that can't be easily viewed by other techniques. CT scans for usage of computer-aided X-ray techniques to produce more detailed images of the abdomen and pelvis than can be seen in traditional X-rays, colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy to allow for to directly viewing the large intestine, which is the lower part of the digestive tract , and a video capsule endoscopy in which Barbara will swallow a small capsule or pill that holds a miniature video camera. As it travels through her small intestine, it sends images of the lining to a receiver in which she will wear a belt around her waist. The images are downloaded and reviewed at a computer. The images can provide detailed information about early, mild problems associated with Crohn's disease. When Crohn’s disease is diagnosed after the tests are completed being that there is no cure for Crohns disease, I have various ways to treat it such as prescribing medications, giving...
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...is: Adhesions. 3. Crohn disease is most often diagnosed in which age group? 15-25 years. 4. Which of the following clinical findings would suggest an esophageal rather than an oropharyngeal cause of dysphagia? Chest pain during meals. 5. What does the pathophysiology of chronic gastritis include? Atrophy of the gastric mucosa with decreased secretions. 6. Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of: Appendicitis. 7. How may a fistula form with Crohn’s disease? Recurrent inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis forming a connection between intestinal loops. 8. A 60-year-old male presents with GI bleeding and abdominal pain. He reports that he takes NSAIDs daily to prevent heart attack. Tests reveal that he has a peptic ulcer. The most likely cause of this disease is: Inhibiting mucosal prostaglandin synthesis. 9. Prolonged or severe stress predisposes to peptic ulcer disease because: Of reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands. 10. A 50-year-old male complains of frequently recurring abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. A possible diagnosis would be: Ulcerative Colitis. 11. What is a common cause of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella? Raw or undercooked poultry or eggs. 12. T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed in a 55-year-old man who had a lengthy history of intestinal disease. Which of the following diseases most likely preceded this...
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...Anatomy: the abdominal cavity, right colon, cecum, the ascending colon, the hepatic flexure (where the ascending colon joins the transverse colon), the first one-third of the transverse colon, and part of the terminal ileum, along with fat and lymph nodes Indications: Indications for open right hemicolectomy include numerous benign and malignant conditions. The most common malignant condition is adenocarcinoma of the right colon; other malignant indications are malignant tumors of the appendix and cecum. The benign conditions include adenomatous polyps of the colon that cannot be removed endoscopically, carcinoids, irritable bowel syndrome (Crohn disease and sometimes ulcerative colitis), cecal volvulus, severe appendicitis with involvement of the cecum in the inflammatory process, and isolated right-side colonic diverticular disease (rare) Special considerations: In order to plan an operation for a patient with colon cancer, the surgeon must have a thorough understanding of the tumor's location in the bowel, the stage of the cancer, and the patient's physiologic status. ( answer those with pt. info) Pharmacology: Preop- 4 L of polyethylene glycol solution is given to the patient to be taken over 2-3 hours in the afternoon of the day before the procedure. A sodium phosphate enema is given on the night before the operation. Two doses of metronidazole and neomycin sulfate are given after the lavage preparation on the day before surgery. An intravenous (IV) second-generation...
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...Disease Classification Structures Health care information systems cover a wide range of issues dealing with the supervision and use of biomedical information. Health information systems are central support tools in the administration of health care services. An acceptable health information system is important not only for evaluating the health needs of populations but also for preparation and for application of health interventions. It is equally imperative in the assessment of programs. The goal of information systems is to create an appropriate working environment. This is done by providing initial and going training, allocating resources, and by managing unintended consequences (Wager, Lee & Glaser, 2009). This summary will examine disease classification information structures necessary for reimbursement and epidemiological data collection. Discussions will describe disease classification, analyze reasons why it was selected, and explain how it is applicable to work, review the benefits of the systems and also discuss the negative draw backs of the system. To begin discussions will focus on defining disease classification structures. Disease Classification Structures Disease classification structures are essential to health care. The International Classification of Disease Ninth Revision (ICD-9) is a classification system developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to categorize diseases. ICD-9 collects data on disease and in the United States the ICD-9...
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...Personalized Medicine SCI 115 Abstract Personalized medicine is a healthcare field that deals with the different and unique genomic, genetic, clinical, and environmental information of each person. Personalized medicine is based on making treatment or prevention of disease focus on the individual and the factors that do or will affect that particular individual. Some of the advantages of personalized medicine are the ability to make more informed medical decisions, earlier disease intervention, and reduced probability of negative side effects. Although there is a large upside to personalized medicine and the medical advantages that come along with it implementation, there lyes the challenge. The implementation of personalized medicine is the largest limitation. Whether it is lack of push from the healthcare industry or lack of proven technology to properly diagnose individual patients, personalized medicine is very young and has a long way to go. Personalized medicine or medical treatment that is unique to the individual definitely has it advantages. Some of those advantages are the ability to make more informed medical decisions, earlier disease intervention. Laberge and Burke (2008) describe personalized medicine as health care that is tailored to the individual. They go on to say that (Laberge and Burke 2008) recently the term has been used to refer specifically to genetically-based health care. Some of the drawbacks to personalized medicine according to Laberge...
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