...Running Head: Developing cross cultural capability Developing cross cultural capability [Name of the student] [Name of the institute] Developing cross cultural capability Introduction In the field of research, the challenge of international cooperation increasingly intense led in 1993 to further reflection on the concepts of intercultural management. With the work of Hofstede (1980) and Ouchi (1981), comparative research on management has been very stimulating. Then this research have specialized on topics such as intercultural management or Eurocentric. The axis emerges clearly in the Europe of the Common Market; it is learning to cope with unique challenges issued to management. Once the recognized need, the way chosen to advance in this area, is the course of this study: we sought to describe the practices, including their advantages and disadvantages, using existing typologies willingly. In this case the eye is focused on large tourism companies, but is not always clearly stated. In these large tourism companies, one can discern various articulations of intercultural management. Schreyögg, for example, distinguishes between corporate cultures and global polycentric (1991). Polycentric, are those which, in different countries, come in different forms, thus focusing on "indigenous constructs", those that are global, over national borders, are a unique brand image with a single form articulation, thus settling on "indigenous constructs"...
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...Cultural diversity in Britain A toolkit for cross-cultural co-operation Phil Wood, Charles Landry and Jude Bloomfield With the current debate about ‘multiculturalism’, this study sets out a new approach to cultural diversity. It explores ways of unlocking the potential in diversity and identifies strategies to aid greater exchange between different cultural groups. The authors examine the connections between cultural diversity, innovation and thriving, prosperous urban communities, in relation to the economic, social and cultural mix of Britain’s population. They developed tools to harness the potential of diverse communities, and their powers of innovation, for use by policymakers, planners and practitioners. These include a set of indicators of openness to check the readiness of a city to take advantage of diversity, and the intercultural lens through which professionals can examine the familiar in a new light. The study evaluated six aspects of local activity: public consultation and engagement urban planning and development business and entrepreneurship schools the arts and creative industries sport. The project went further by helping participating cities to develop specific economic, social, cultural and planning policies and so to become role models for others. The study draws on local case studies and in-depth interviews with 33 intercultural innovators in seven UK cities, with comparative analysis also conducted in Europe, North America and Australasia. It is aimed...
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...allowed Worldwide Telecommunications, Inc. to grow both local and international. The use of devices like cell phones, satellite TV, computers, and the Worldwide Web has allowed businesses to branch out to other countries, which is beneficial in creating a bigger cliental, but this can create problems like cross cultural communication. When building relationships with other countries, it is important to understand the cultural differences. Communication between two different cultures can have problems in both verbal and nonverbal communications. For example, in some countries like the United States, effective nonverbal communication is eye contact when speaking to someone, in countries in South Asia direct eye contact can be look at as aggressive and rude. Communication styles are also different when conducting business with other countries. Some cultures have a more aggressive approach to communicating with superior colleagues, in which some cultures are passive concerning communicating with a superior when generating ideas and they can become passive and not feel comfortable sharing ideas. Another cross cultural communication that is very different from culture to culture is building trust. For example, in the United States, trust comes from reputation and work ethic at work. When someone is consistent at work and always finish his or her tasks on time and with good results, he or she built trust with higher management. In many other parts of the world, including many Arab...
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...10 Incorporating Cross-cultural Communication in ELT: A Pedagogical Approach ■ Y. Suneetha Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering & Technology, Nandyal G.M. Sundaravalli Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi ABSTRACT: Cross-cultural communication has become ever more significant through the globalization of markets, affairs of nation-states and technologies. Consequently, the cultural quotient (CQ) is becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of the changing dynamics of work culture around the world. This paper makes a case for the need to pay attention to intercultural communication and discusses some specific approaches and strategies in the teaching of intercultural communication in the classroom. These approaches include addressing issues like learning to honour one’s own culture and sharing it with others while developing a capacity to be open to other cultures. Other strategies include progressing from an ethnocentric to an ethno-relative state of understanding and acceptance of cultural differences and increasing one’s ability to communicate with non-native speakers. Specifically, classroom practices and strategies suggested include intercultural explorations, use of texts, films, short stories and other multi-media resources, contrastive case studies of cultures, group encounters and role plays. Introduction Sir Francis Bacon said that if a man was gracious and courteous to strangers, it showed that he was a citizen of the world, and...
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...Cross culture 1 Cross Cultural Communication Natalie Ramirez-Reeves Bus 285 Chris A. Marshall May 2, 2011 Cross Cultural Communication | Country | Preferred communication style | Non-verbal communication practices | Business communication norms | Strategies to increase cross-cultural communication | India 9 | Prefers to communicate face to face rather than the electronic forms of communication. Eye contact is important. | Any type of affection in public is not tolerated. Pointing fingers is disrespectful; usually means someone’s upset, touching means friendless, like a touch to the arm. | Having a title in business is very important. They know many languages. No is considered rude or harsh. | 1) Learn different languages 2) Learn about different cultures 3) Think before you speak 4) Work on body language 5) Use the Internet or ask individuals who may know the different social norms. 6) Avoid Acronyms 7) Improve reading and listening skills | Russia 6 | Conversation context is more important than giving information. Not much for using a lot of expressions. High context communication. | Firm handshakes are respectful. Giving thumbs up is a good gesture. Do not shake hands over a threshold. | Don’t take refusals lightly.If you speak load in public it is considered inconsiderate. Prefers intellectual conversations | | Canada 1 | Does not like to speak of personal lives with business partners or prospective. Rather speak verbally. Speak...
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...Hollywood and the Rise of Cultural Protectionism The most commercially successful filmmaker of all time Steven Spielberg is synonymous with American cinema. He has directed and produced blockbusters like ET, Jurassic Park and War of the Worlds. As U.S. dominance of the International film industry grows, Spielberg has been the target of complaints about how Hollywood is changing world cultures. The values represented in Spielberg’s films are often viewed as part of the larger trend of the homogenization, or worse, the Americanization of global values and beliefs, Jurassic park ignited a storm of protest and calls for cultural protectionism. Film critics and cultural ministries around the globe found Jurassic Park to be a brainless film, lacking plot and succeeding entirely through special effects and big budget bells and whistles. French officials labeled the film a threat to their national identity. Three leading film makers_ Pedro Almodovar, Bernardo Bertolucci, and Wim Wenders_wrote Spielberg be reprimanded for the poor quality of the film, proclaiming that he was personally responsible for undermining their efforts to keep a culturally rich European cinema afloat. Another popular American movie, Lost in Translation came under fire from LA to Tokyo. Set in Japan’s capital and starring Bill Murray, the film won an academy award for best screen play, three golden globes and was nominated for 3 additional Oscars. The film was criticized for its portrayal of Japanese people as...
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...CROSS CULTURE COMMUNICATION Sondra Pham University of Memphis Abstract This paper explores cross culture communication by dissecting the term. Cross-cultural communication is a newly studies and researchable topic due to the businesses going global and the interaction between different cultures. In this paper, it will define communication and culture along with helpful tips and strategies to better understand how to communicate between different cultures. This paper examines the do’s and don’ts during cultural interaction in the business world as well as the tools for communicating with different cultures. Cross Culture Communication The importance of effective communication is immeasurable in the world of business and in personal life. Communication and cultures have always existed, but with the global market growing, it has been more common for business to do business with people from different cultures. The way of communicating will not be the same in all countries. Cross- cultural communication is essential in order to have a successful business and relationship with companies around the world. There are many aspects that go into consideration when communicating with people from a different background. Before fully understanding cross culture communication, one must first understand communication. Understanding Communication Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings. Whether people live in Hanoi, Vietnam, a city in Brazil, the mountains of North...
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...STUDY ON BARRIERS OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN ELECTRONICBASED COMPANIES 1 Bibi Noraini Bt Mohd Yusuf, 2Zurina Bt Zulkifli, 3Intan Maizura Bt Abd Rashid, 4Syahida Bt Kamil, 1,2,3,4 School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship Universiti Malaysia Perlis 1 bibinoraini@unimap.edu.my, 2Zurina@yahoo.com, 3Intan Maizura@unimap.edu.my, 4syahida@unimap.edu.my, Abstract Rapid growths in economic development and trade globalization have necessitate the number of firms to expand and extend their businesses abroad. A sizeable number of firms have been opening new plants in other countries or hiring their employees from overseas, creating a diversity of workforce. A diversified workforce will create cross-cultural differences leading to cross-cultural communication. This research aims to analyze the barriers of cross-cultural communication in electronic-based companies. The subjects for this study, comprising company operators and middle to top management were randomly selected from electronic-based companies domiciled in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. This study adopted a quantitative approach method, where questionnaires were distributed among 200 employees. Analysis of data compiled was carried out using the SPSS version 20.0 mode. Through an in-depth analysis and application of this study, there is a bigger impact of multinational firm communication in the cross-cultural communication. In addition, the dimensions of national cultures, high and low context...
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...2. Religion 4 2.1 Christianity in Singapore 4 2.2 Buddhism in China 5 2.3 Common and distinguish 6 3. Language 6 4. Custom 7 5. Conclusion 7 1. Introduction Technology to make the world exchange information more frequently. One developed and famous country can attract people from different countries into. People have dreams to make more money and a better life came to the country. It certainly will increase the communicating across cultures opportunities and impact in across cultures. Singapore is a typical example. Cross-cultures refers to the globalization, social mobility increased and ethnically mixed by a kind of social phenomenon. This phenomenon will change tradition and create new culture. Singapore has gathered Chinese, Malay, Indian and so on the different culture. We should to cultural differences or conflict cultural phenomenon, customs, habits to have sufficient and correct understanding, and on this basis to include attitude to accept and adaptive. I introduce the detail about across cultures when I stay at Singapore and some in Thailand tourism experiences. It includes religion, language and custom. 2. Religion 2.1 Christianity in Singapore Singapore is a multiethnic and multicultural immigrant society, thus collected the world many religions. Christianity is a popular religion in Singapore. It is the second largest religion in Singapore, with large numbers of believers. I used to belong to a team of Christ in Singapore. Its members are more...
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..."Organizational Culture and Cross-Cultural Management" Please respond to the following: * Hofstede’s study is an important contribution to cross-culture management research. Analyze the impact that culture exerts on recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation, and task distribution. Determine whether or not there are leadership behaviors, attributes, and organizational practices that are generally accepted and effective across cultures. o * *From the e-Activity, compare the two (2) cross-cultural management theories that you researched to Hofstede’s cross-cultural theory. Determine two (2) fundamental differences and similarities between each theory. The impact the Hofstede’s study had on the cultural context of HRM practices are as follows: Recruitment and selection: In cultures low on “in-group” collectivism such as the U.S., and the UK, individual accomplishments are important selection criteria, and societies high on “in-group collectivism” such as China and Spain put more importance on team-related skills than on individual capabilities. Training and development: While no country has perfect gender equality, societies high on the gender social equality scale have more women in positions of power and similar levels of education as men, such as the U.S, women usually have the same chances for a straight up career progression as men and societies which score low on gender social equality such as Afghanistan and Liberia do not have nearly...
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...communicating your ideas. In order to communicate effectively in English speaking culture you need to have purpose. This means that you need to be clear about your reason for communicating and organise the message to achieve your purpose. Usage of communication channels to the best advantage. For example are you communicating via email or more formal written channels, over the telephone, or face to face? And recognise that your non-verbal communication may be contradicting what you are actually saying, and finally give your receivers the opportunity to respond, so that you can see whether they have understood your message. Cross-cultural communication tries to bring together such a relatively unrelated areas and establishment area of communication. Its core is to establish and understand how people from different cultures communicate with each other. Its aim is to produce some guidelines with which people from different cultures can better communicate with each other. The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. It is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. And it is important to assume that one’s efforts will not always be successful, and adjust one’s behaviour appropriately. This essay will discuss the importance of the issues and problems concerning the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication with supporting researched information. Firstly there...
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...Thus, there are competitive and challenges of companies operating in different countries and the relevancy for multinational companies. Multinational companies could strengthen their business and also enhance customer service through involving their diverse workforce. It means that multinational companies could make use of cultural sensitivity, language skills, market knowledge and information of business networks at their own countries to drive business growth. (Nataatmadia & Dyson, 2005). However, multinational companies will also have some problems or challenges. Communication in multinational companies would be a lot more difficult because they employ employees from various countries. People from different countries have different cultures; this is the reason why this factor could cause them to fail to understand each another. Moreover, companies which operate in various languages areas will have difficulties at communicating with the local employees because they speak different language. (Kundu, 2001). SICLI have problem in coping with the new management style after the company was acquired by Williams Holdings PLC. This company is a multinational company because it operates in many countries. Moreover, the company also employs workers from various countries. This is why they need to find out what policies could help the company to minimize the problems. Section A Companies like SICLI or Williams Holdings PLC that operates in several of countries and employs employees...
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...NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, DUBLIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGR DUBLIN Cross Cultural Management FT-UCD BBSMKT-22 Chen Lihuan 2950 words CT0203124 UCD ID: 14207863 Case 1. Question 1A) Figure 1.0 Hofstede’s Five Cultural Deminsions for Germany, UK, USA and Japan. (Data from Geert-hofstede.com,n.d) Figure 1.0 is a bar chart that presents the full data of all four cultures. (Germany, UK, USA, and Japan) Other than two dimensions (Individualism and uncertainty avoidance) that have been discussed in the case, the rest of the three dimensions will be discussed in following article. Masculinity Masculinity shows whether the society is driven by competition or quality of life (Geert-hofstede.com, n.d). According to figure 1.0, all four cultures are masculine culture. USA scored at the lowest of 62, followed by Germany and UK at the score of 66. The highest score in Masculinity is Japan, at 95. Although Japan has an extremely high score at Masculinity dimension, due to its collectivism, there are not much intense competitions between individuals. Power Distance Power distance is referring to how people within the society react to unequal power distribution. The higher the score is, the higher acceptability for unequal power distribution by the society will...
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...like with Bush. Then, Bu Maria with her confuses doesn’t want to ask briefly the reasons why Ms. Brown changes her opinions about Bush. Bu Maria just keep her confuses in her mind because she don’t want make Ms. Brown angry with her question. In this case, I think that American people have a different culture with Indonesian people. Firstly, the values that I can learn in this case about American culture are: it’s possible to American people to change their opinions with time, objective, straight forward, and act immediately. Then, Indonesian cultures are: difficult to change their opinions with time, subjective, they always try to be polite, they don’t want to upset others, and they tend to think the matters before acting. Second, I think that Indonesian people can learn American culture that they can change their opinions about others to make their country much better. American people can learn Indonesian culture too about to be polite, so, American people can be more politer than now in speak to others people, so, other people cannot easy to upset. Lastly, besides American people have a different culture with Indonesian people, I think that American and Indonesia cultures are...
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...viewed as synonymous with psychopathic personality, it could be contended that cultural transmission inside individualistic cultures may make behavioural qualities that in their great sign are components of psychopathic personality. It can be conjectured that individualistic cultures are more inclined to create chattiness and triviality, pomposity, indiscrimination, and various conjugal connections, together with an absence of obligation inside of connections, than are collectivist societies. The intensity that is caused...
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