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Cross Species Comparisons In King Lear

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Reason and Self-Knowledge: Cross Species Comparison in King Lear

The equivocal distinction between humans and animals captivated early modern thought, permeating works of literature and performance, including Shakespeare’s King Lear. While scholars have explored the connection between early modern views of the species divide and the usage of animal rhetoric in the play, many have neglected Lear’s development, using him only as a gateway for historical discourse. Shakespeare’s use of cross-species analogy provides extensive insight into the evolution of the character’s sanity and his changing understanding of his status as both a king and a human that is necessary for understanding his moral status at the point of his death. Through historical …show more content…
Even prior to the appearance of Cartesian philosophy of human/animal binarism, early modern intellectuals cited various distinctions between humans and animals as evidence of mans’ exceptionalism, including rationality, self-knowledge, and eternal life (Shannon 174). These topics were widely discussed in books at the time that Shakespeare created King Lear, and the playwright was likely influenced by the ideas (Jorgensen 14). Various publications examining Shakespeare’s works feature the possession of eternal life as evidence against human’s supremacy in the world, as men lack an innocence that animals hold, and simultaneously, have an unceasing peril for which animals need not have concern. Laurie Shannon uses the final term in Lear’s description of man as “poor, bare, forked” to expound the immorality of humans as presented by Shakespeare throughout the play. This statement contradicts the conventional commendation for human uprightness, concentrating instead on the image of the “’legs’ of the mandrake root and the split tongue of devilish speech” that reveal the failure to rise toward holiness (170). Shakespeare not only uses Lear’s assessment of man to emphasize human inferiority, though; he also clarifies that Lear himself is a sinner, through which he comments further on the human position relative to

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