Free Essay

Crow Case

In:

Submitted By karenlazo
Words 1334
Pages 6
Caso Crown Cork & Seal en 1989

1. Identificar los rasgos estructurales del sector de envases de metal a finales de los años ochenta

Representan un volumen importante e negocio, en concreto el 61% del total de productos envasados en EE.UU. en 1989, muy por encima del plástico que representaba un 18% y del vidrio que representaba un 21%.

5 empresas dominaban el sector y representaban el 61% del mercado con una participación de $ 12.200 millones. El 39% restante del mercado era abastecido por unas 100 empresas.

Se trata de un mercado maduro, muy competitivo donde la rentabilidad se obtenía con grandes lotes de artículos estándares, esto significaba que debido a la necesidad de cubrir la mayor parte posible de la capacidad productiva de una empresa, solía hacerse descuentos para los grandes pedidos.

Los márgenes caían desde 1986 debido al incremento del precio de la materia prima (alrededor de un 15%) sin posibilidad de trasladarlo a los clientes, debido a la producción propia de envases por parte de uno de los nichos de clientes más importantes (las cerveceras), y a la concentración de las embotelladoras de refrescos.

Los clientes más importantes están muy concentrados y son grandes empresas con altas capacidades de negociación.

Se prima la calidad del producto y el servicio. El envase representa aproximadamente el 45% del total de la bebida envasada.

El transporte representa un 7,5% del producto (envase), lo que llevaba a que las empresas cambien su estrategia de ubicación histórica de estar cerca del proveedor de materias primas a estar cerca del cliente.

Se requiere líneas costosas de producción para hacer entable las operaciones de la empresa. La eficiencia en una fábrica se encontraba cuando había entre 3 ó 4 líneas.

Existían amenazas graves a la actual industria de hojalata. Esta se configuraba como las nuevas tendencias del sector y eran.

- La creciente amenaza de fabricación propia de los envases por parte de los propios clientes

- La introducción del plástico como alternativa en 1989

- L importante penetración y competencia que resultaba el vidrio dentro de un nicho de mercado tan importante como el de la cerveza (los clientes hablan del encanto del cuello largo de las botellas de cristal de cerveza…)

Otras tendencias que el sector introducía eran:

- La sustitución de los envases metálicos por los de aluminio (más ligeros y alteraban menos el sabor de las bebidas/alimentos)

- Diversificación y concentración. Los principales productores de la industria están en un proceso de concentración (con infructuoso resultado) y de diversificación de actividades, algunas de ellas totalmente ajenas a la industria del envasado (citar algunas como seguros, energía, fotograbados, etc.)

2. ¿qué razones explican el éxito de Crown Cork en este sector?

Hay dos etapas muy diferentes en la historia de Crown. La primera liderada por McManus quien tomo la empresa en la década de los 30 y consiguió ser el mayor vendedor de tapones de botellas del mundo. Sin embargo, su estilo de dirección paternalista no permitió una sucesión a su muerte, sumiendo a la empresa en una casi quiebra. Las características de gestión de esta etapa son: personalista, paternal, con grandes ineficiencias productivas, grandes stocks, exceso de personal, poca o nula inversión en activos fijos, básicamente debido al gran porcentaje de dividendos que se reparten los accionistas (descapitalizan la empresa).

En 1957 y cuando la empresa está al borde de la quiebra, es John Connelly quien se hace cargo de la empresa asumiendo la presencia e impulsando a esta a la etapa más fructífera de la misma. Su estrategia es sencilla y se basa en un plan que denomina “simplemente sentido común”

Las líneas estratégicas de Connelly son la distribución nacional en los EE.UU. y las inversiones en el extranjero. De las primeras busca estar cerca del cliente (no sólo de uno) y reducir considerablemente tanto el coste del transporte como la capacidad de respuesta al cliente. De la segunda busca seguir rentabilizando el obsoleto parque de maquinarias actual y el futuro, llevándolo a países donde la competitividad no sea tan alta como la estadounidense y pueda seguir produciendo y obteniendo beneficios con maquinaria totalmente amortizada.

Estas líneas estratégicas las basa en la eficiencia de costes y en el servicio al cliente. En cuanto al primer concepto (eficiencia de costes), racionaliza los costes operativos de la empresa, reduciendo la mano de obra, eliminando stocks que utiliza para pagar las deudas bancarias a corto plazo, elimina el departamento de investigación (no busca ser el innovador a través de la investigación fuera de la realidad, prefiere estar en un cómodo segundo puesto y que se equivoquen y arriesguen los demás), etc. centraliza toda la administración, etc. Cree que la eficiencia en la producción se debe alcanzar mejorando las operaciones y eliminando errores (lo que hoy conoceríamos como organizaciones que aprenden) y no con despidos de trabajadores.

Su filosofía de estar siempre enfocado al cliente, sólo a través de la calidad y del servicio al cliente se consigue serle útil.

Y lo que es muy importante, un liderazgo indiscutible que lo basa en el rigor y en no pedir a los demás algo que él no esté dispuesto a realizar, pero también exige a los demás aquello que el ofrece a la empresa. Los colaboradores lo ven como un líder indiscutible al que seguir sin rechistar.

Otro de sus grandes logros es ofrecer responsabilidades y capacidad de decisión a sus mando intermedios, haciéndose responsables de buena parte de la cuenta de gastos de la sociedad.

Los resultados no se hicieron de esperar, las acciones de Crown en 1957 se vendían por $10 y 32 años después a $ 30.000. El ROE alrededor del 15,8% y Fortune 500 lo sitúa en el puesto 114 de su ranking de rentabilidad para el accionista.

3. ¿Qué cambios están teniendo lugar en el sector

A principios de la década de los 80 existe un estancamiento general de las ventas del sector, reforzado por una apreciación del dólar, una penetración implacable del plástico y una saturación del mercado de envases metálicos.

La competencia tampoco estaba estable. Multitud de fusiones entre empresas (muchas de ellas con resultados negativos) y diversificaciones en productos dentro y fuera de la propia industria hacía que ésta estuviese convulsa.

Ante esta situación Avery se planteaba la posibilidad de transformar una amenaza (el plástico) en una oportunidad (los tapones y envases) a través de una reconversión de alguna de las líneas. Del mismo modo podría entenderse el vidrio, para los envases de cerveza, como una buena línea de diversificación de producto.

Otro de los atractivos de inversión lo ofrecía la diversificación fuera de la actual mundo de los envases, sin olvidar una posible oferta de compra sobre Continental Can.

4. ¿Cómo debería Avery responder a los mismos?

A la vista de los datos obrantes y de la experiencia de empresas de la competencia, creo que Crown debería diversificar actividades a través de la ampliación de líneas dentro del sector, es decir, sustituyendo alguna de las líneas de envasado de metal y aluminio por otras de plástico y vidrio. Las líneas que sustituye puede continuar situándolas fuera de sus fronteras en países donde puedan ser eficientes y optener beneficios por ellas.

Diversificar en productos o servicios fuera de su sector puede representarles un duro traspiés al igual que les ha sucedido a la competencia, ya que desconoce el mercado, clientes y no tiene una experiencia de innovación que le permita estar en determinados sectores.

Por otra parte, la adquisición de parte de Continental lo veo incompatible con la inversión de las nuevas líneas de plástico y vidrio. Además, tampoco conviene olvidar que el mercado de envases se encuentra en un momento con mayor oferta que demanda y eso puede llevar a que fabricantes con menor capacidad financiera inicie una temeraria carrera de descuentos para no tener que cerrar su empres. Si se produce, esto puede arrastrar los precios a la baja y recortaría los márgenes de la empresa, a la vez que podría dificultar rentabilizar la compra de Continental.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

The Crow: Film Analysis

...The Crow (1994) Director: Alex Proyas The Crow Analysis The film, The Crow, is a magnificent film that portrays an unhappy spirit who is on a vendetta to find and kill the criminals responsible for his and his fiancée, Shelly played by Sofia Shinas, death of Hollows Eve. The film takes place in city that is at a dismal state and one that is vulnerable to heinous crimes, such as the murder of Eric and Shelly. Murder is a big part of the film and is something that the director, Alex Proyas, wants to portray throughout the movie. I believe that Proyas wanted to show murder is a big issue in our society and that no one is safe, even people who are loving and harmless as Eric and Shelly were. When Eric says “Victims aren’t we all” right before he stabs Tin-Tin, explains how no one is safe from murder, whether you the good guy or the bad guy, it is almost a given. This film was filled with many symbols but the one that stood out the most was the crow. I believe that the crow symbolizes life’s mysteries; such as something which we cannot simply explain happens, we may just say that it was part of God’s plan or it was simply a twist of faith. Whatever the case may be, the crow was the reason Eric was resurrected and given a chance to get back those who ended his and Shelly’s lives. Not only does the crow show destiny but it also portrays life. For example when Eric was resurrected, he was virtually indestructible and nothing could harm him. But when the crow was wounded...

Words: 572 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Life and Song of Crow

...‘From the Life and Songs of the Crow’ by Ted Hughes God tries to teach Crow to say LOVE: ‘Crow gaped, and the white shark crashed into the sea’. (Crow’s First Lesson) Background – where did the idea for ‘Crow’ come from? In 1957 Ted Hughes met the American sculptor, engraver and publisher Leonard Baskin. Baskin was obsessed by corpses, and a variety of other things attended this obsession, including crows which he engraved with disturbingly anthropoid (human-like) characteristics. An invitation from Baskin to Hughes to write a few little poems to accompany his engravings was the cause of the first Crow poems. Crow: From the Life and Songs of the Crow was first published by Faber in 1972. The poems included in Crow are part of a large number of poems which make up a ‘vast folk epic’ which tells the story of Crow. Hughes’s account of the creation of the figure of Crow is thus: God, having created the world, has a recurring nightmare. A huge hand/ voice comes from deep space, takes him by the throat, half-throttles him, drags him through space, ploughs the earth with him then throws him back into heaven in a cold sweat. Meanwhile man sits at the gates of heaven waiting for God to grant him audience. He has come to ask God to take life back. God is furious and sends him packing. The nightmare seems to be independent of the creation, and God cannot understand it. The nightmare is full of mockery of the creation, especially of man. God challenges the nightmare to...

Words: 2287 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Why Did Little Nimrod Killed Bird

...Little Nimrod killed C.C Robin because he had discovered the poaching secret that Little Nimrod was keeping. The first piece of evidence is that there were dead birds in the grass. This fact is important because C.C Robin is an ornithologist, or bird expert, and Little Nimrod is a poacher this proves that when C.C Robin was observing birds Nittle Nimod killed them. One of the birds that both little nimrod and C.C Robin had taken interest in was a bald eagle. These types of birds are endangered and Little Nimrod had just killed one. This started a fight between the two men.Another piece of evidence is the axe marks in the tree near the campsite.This detail is important because it implies that an axe was brought to the campsite by Bernie Burger...

Words: 336 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Fools Crow

...All is Lost In Fools Crow, by James Welch, Welch shows that everything can be lost through betrayal, the loss of a center, and no trust. This is described in the text of Fools Crow, by the story told by Mad Plume of the Black Patched Moccasins. Mad Plume tells Fools Crow, formally known as White Mans Dog, about their past and their downfall. Betrayal is the start to something that can destroy everything that a tribe once was. Little Dog was once the chief of the Black Patched Moccasins. “Many of us were surprised, but Little Dog told us a good trick, for soon good things to eat would grow. The white chiefs wished us to quit the trail of the blackhorns and to grow the good things to feed upon.” (97). Little Dog tried to live in peace with the Napikwans. So he and his people tried to live like the Napikwans. The thing though is that they were always hungry now because they were not getting the nutrients they once got, so they started hunting the blackhorns again. This angered the Napikwans. So Little Dog had to try other ways to please them. All he wanted was peace among them and his people. He feared the Napikwans so he threatened his people “He told our people not to kill anymore of them. He told the seizer chiefs that he would deal harshly with those Pikunis that offended them. He wanted peace between the Pikunis and the Napikwans, and that would be his downfall.” (97). He did not want his people to offend the Napikwans in anyway to give them a reason to bring harm to them...

Words: 1060 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Ex Parte Crow Dog Case Study

...The Ex parte Crow Dog (1883) case showed that the federal government cannot exercise _______ over tribal members on the reservation unless Congress does _______? Jurisdiction; unless Congress has specifically conferred that power. The Major Crimes Act (1885) gave the federal government exclusive jurisdiction over seven “major” crimes committed by Indians on the reservation, which means if a “major” crime is committed by an Indian against another Indian on the reservation, the federal government has jurisdiction. Who has jurisdiction if a non-major crime is committed by an Indian against another Indian on the reservation_______? The tribe. Who has exclusive jurisdiction over a major or non-major crime by a non-Indian against an Indian...

Words: 989 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Family

...With these developments, it is obvious that conflicts between parties of different nationalities occur and liability to tax on income of foreigners especially among those engaging in trading venture. Whilst the laws affecting domicile and residence may be sufficiently settled, it is paramount for courts to pursue a detailed analysis to ascertain specific preliminary issues so as to avoid controversial rulings. Courts often handle numerous financial cases that involve what can be best described as foreign or international elements. In such cases, court must decide whether it has the jurisdiction under the Family Law Act 1975 to make a decision on such cases. In the event that it is determined that the court is invested with the jurisdiction to determine the case, the court has to consider whether there is a system of law in foreign country that also has the jurisdiction to handle the case. As it was addressed in the case Attorney General of New Zealand v Ortiz [1984] AC 1, these benefits and costs to either party if the case resolution is made in foreign country as compared with the apparent country should also be a subject of concern. [1] Legal systems in most countries around the world adopt community property regime, which takes effect at the inception of marriage or at the time of divorce. For instance, California and Massachusetts in the United States have adopted community property regimes that support equal division of assets upon divorce. However, this provision...

Words: 659 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

None

...Adapted from Bernhardt & Kinnear (1988). Cases in marketing management, pp. 6-16. Plano, TX: Business Publications, Inc. Pay careful attention to the following points. They are often used by instructors to evaluate either a written or oral analysis. 1. Be complete. Each area of the situation analysis must be discussed, problems and opportunities identified, alternative presented and evaluated using the situation analysis and relevant financial analysis, and a decision must be made. An analysis that omits part of the situation analysis or only recognizes one alternative is not a good analysis. Second, each area must be covered in-depth and within insight. 2. Avoid rehashing case facts. Every case has a lot of factual information. A good analysis uses facts that are relevant to the situation at hand to make summary points of analysis. A poor analysis just restates or rehashes theses facts without making relevant summary comments. 3. Make reasonable assumptions. Every case is incomplete in terms of some piece of information that you would like to have. A good case analysis must make realistic assumptions to fill in the gaps of information in the case. For example, the case may not describe the purchase decision process for the product of interest. A poor analysis would either omit mentioning this or just state that no information is available. A good analysis would attempt to present this purchase decision process by classifying the product and drawing upon real life...

Words: 487 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Save Me

...are given. It is understandable then that we should seek out more opportunities to apply our skills and make more positive impacts within our jurisdictions. It is this general attitude that led us to get involved in investigating cold cases. How We Got Started Mark had, for several years, been consulting with our Coroner’s Division as a forensic anthropologist. During this time he came to learn that there were numerous coroners’ cases in which the identity of the decedent was unknown. These cases were kept in three-ring binders on a shelf in the Sergeant’s office. Over the years, in the course of this forensic work, we would discuss these cases and the progress that was being made on them. The conversation usually ran along the lines of us asking “any luck with that 1980 homicide victim?” and the sergeant answering “well, we’ve gotten so many new cases that I haven’t been able to even look at it yet.” This went on for a few years and through two different sergeants. One day we, as a crime analysis unit, were brainstorming about how we could broaden our “client base”, as it were. We had been successful in integrating ourselves into our Investigations Bureau and had been involved in numerous major cases. And, of course, we had always been active in producing tactical and strategic analyses for our patrol personnel. But we knew that we could be doing more, particularly given the size and responsibilities of our agency. It was during...

Words: 412 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Business Case

...BUSINESS CASE Presented to the Accountancy Department De La Salle University In partial fulfillment Of the course requirements In ACCTBA2 (C33) March 2, 2015 A stakeholder is typically concerned with an organization delivering intended results and meeting its financial objectives. In general, a stakeholder can be one of two types: internal (from within an organization) or external (outside of an organization). The stakeholders in this situation are Lanie Marquez and Tim Rodriguez who are also partners in the retail distribution business and their capital contributions are as follows P500,000 and P300,000 respectively they are an internal stakeholder since they are also the owners. The total Capital of both stakeholders is P800,000 and with a monthly salary for both partners at P15,000 on the assumption that both of them will contribute to manage the business equally. Assuming that both managed the business equally the total salary for the year for Lanie and Tim are P180,000 each. They share profit and loss equally and no interest will be given on capital contributed. The problem for this situation is that Lanie is starting to get concerned with the behavior of her other partner Tim. He only manages the business 50% of the time, which will mean that his salary of P15,000 will need to decrease by also 50% since he does not manage the business equally with his partner. The business has seen a downturn in the profit outcome and for the current financial...

Words: 758 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Ralph's Grocery Case Summary

...Ralph’s Grocery and United Food and Commercial Workers Union The case that I chose for the week 6 critical thinking assignment concerns Ralph’s Grocery Company, located in California. It applies to this week’s material due to the fact that the case involves unlawful suspension and discharge of an employee, as reviewed by the National Labor Relations Board. Background In May 2011, Vittorio Razi was an employee at Ralph’s Grocery and was suspended and terminated after he refused to take a drug test without first consulting with his UFCW Local 324 representative. The company (Respondent) says that on the day in question, Razi’s behavior was in question, acting nervous, anxious, agitated, and slurred speech. After a couple managers discussed the...

Words: 750 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Chromogens Affecting Wealth Wear Staining Teeth

... Many people wonder why their own teeth stain so easily. The enamel on your teeth and chromogens are what stains your teeth, but what exact beverage stains teeth the most? I chose this topic because I was curious to know what stains teeth the most. It affects us daily because it could rot your teeth or you can’t pick up hot chicks anymore. So what causes teeth to stain? The temperature causes teeth to expand or contract making it easier for stains. So hot and cold drinks affect that. Color in foods and beverages come from chromogens. Chromogens are intensely pigmented compounds that stick to teeth enamel. Chromogens cause a lot of trouble when they mix and react with other stain causing and stain promoting factors. Tannis may be natural or synthetic tannis is another factor that stains teeth. Tooth enamel is porous making it extremely susceptible to stains. The darker the liquid the darker the stain. There are some examples that stain teeth. Not only sodas bad but also Gatorade. Beets are bad for you also. Mostly cause they’re concentrated. Berries dark skins stain teeth. Ketchup is also really bad because of its bright red color and high levels of acid. Dark liquids and sauces you put on your foods also stain teeth. Colored candy and popsicles both contain colorants that will transfer to the teeth and embed in the porous enamel. Fruit juices, especially grape and cranberry, leave a colorful tinge on the teeth and tongue. Colored sodas instantly discolor teeth. The citric acids...

Words: 594 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Jim Crow Laws: The Plessy Vs. Ferguson Case

...Plessy vs. Ferguson was one of the most life changing cases for whites and blacks. The Plessy vs. Ferguson case was brought up in order to keep laws the same so that blacks and whites could use the same facilities. Both the North and the South wanted to bring these laws in places because they felt that separate but equal was a loop hole to the fourteenth amendment. The supreme court decided to use this loop hole because they could say whites and blacks can be equal without having to share things. In that case that wasn’t always true. Whites had cleaner and nicer facilities such as bathrooms, restaurants, trains, hospitals, and even drinking fountains. In result of this law being passed is caused Jim Crow laws which are laws that enforced racial...

Words: 330 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Fin 571

...efficient investigative products and services. As a result, the coverage requirements for ANACI and NACLC investigations have been enhanced to support a common content baseline for all agencies. Note that these enhancements apply only to those ANACI and NACLC cases submitted on an SF 86. The purpose of this FIN is to provide you with information concerning what case coverage changes have been made. The case price adjustments necessary to support these changes will be reflected in the FY 2007 case prices. ANACIINACLC Cases Currently, listed and developed issues which are identified in ANACI and NACLC cases (for non-DoD customers) are not pursued beyond the normal scope of the investigation. These cases are returned to the requesting agency so that the agency may decide whether to adjudicate the case based upon the information in hand, conduct additional follow-up themselves, or request a Reimbursable Suitability Investigation (RSI) from FISD to cover the additional issues. Beginning with FY 2007, expansion of these issues will become a standard part of both the ANACI and NACLC products. Effective October 1, 2006, issues apparent at scheduling or developed during the course of the investigation and which fall within the 5-year case coverage period, unless otherwise noted, will be expanded upon according to the following chart (exception: issues which are known to have been covered in previous investigations, or which would reasonably have been expected to...

Words: 772 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Getting Ready for a Midterm

...find that you would like even more time. I recommend that you enter the exam promptly since I will make deductions for those exceeding the 9:00 o'clock end time even if you enter late. Third, know that the legal reasoning essay will come from Module 4 on immunity. The variety of scenarios in that question will force you to think about and explain the nuances between sovereign and personal immunity, between absolute and qualified immunity, about loss of immunity, etc. You will want to understand all four cases from that module well before the exam. I will expect specific citations to the cases and the principles that they enunciate. An additional case that might be useful for you to look at is Canton v. Harris. A second question will address the rulemaking process and the principles underlying it. You should "walk into" the exam (in a virtual sense) with a clear sense of a fully articulated rulemaking process, so that you can pick and choose elements as appropriate in the case you will be presented. The third question will be drawn from the text regarding the Constitutional framework. Finally, remember that "open book" exams can be as challenging as closed book because the "bar" (the expectation) is higher. I think you will find that prior preparation will make a good deal of difference. As stated before, when you open the exam, answer the questions initially in word and copy it back to the exam. That way, you will not lose work, time...

Words: 342 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Compensation Culture

...in which it is acceptable for anyone who has suffered a personal injury to seek compensatory damages through litigation from someone connected with the injury. It’s the idea that for every accident someone is at fault. For every injury, there is someone to blame. And, perhaps most damaging, for every accident, there is someone to pay. There are so many ridicilous cases througout history where people sue somebody or some company for no reason and get a lot of money from them. For example . A caretaker fell off a ladder and sued the local authority for not training him to use a ladder - and won.He could get up to 50.000 pounds compensation. One former ex policeman received nearly £90,000 compensation for the trauma of seeing a woman die after he crashed into her car during a 999 call .The husband of the woman killed by the policeman received £16,000 compensation. Policemen cause a tremendous number of accidents - so many, indeed, that one force has stopped its drivers from speeding. The effect is damaging to society. The courts become clogged up with greedy people out for themselves, many with no real case at all while other people with real compensation claims, the people disabled in accidents, crippled in operations or people who have lost loved ones due clear negligent behavior. All the other who just sue somebody with ridicilous acusations should be ashamed of themselves and I hope that in the future others avoid trying to cash in just because it seems so easy...

Words: 266 - Pages: 2