...The Emerging Issue of Crystal Methamphetamine Use in First Nations Communities A Discussion Paper First Nations Centre May 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I CRYSTAL METHAMPHETAMINE: WHAT IS IT? WHO USES CRYSTAL METH HOW CRYSTAL METH IS USED HOW CRYSTAL METH IS MADE HOW CRYSTAL METH AFFECTS THE BODY, MIND, RELATIONSHIPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PART II GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES CRYSTAL METH AND ILLEGAL DRUG STRATEGIES IN CANADA FIRST NATIONS AND CRYTAL METH TREATMENT STRATEGIES PART III TALA TOOTOOSIS’ STORY CRYSTAL METH ON THE NAVAJO NATION CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A 1 INTRODUCTION Crystal methamphetamine 1 use among people in some First Nations communities (both in Canada and the United States) has evolved into an issue that is requiring more and more attention. Indicative of this, in July of 2005, the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) in Canada passed a resolution specifically directed at this emerging issue. 2 As a result of this resolution, the AFN has identified the need for the development of a First Nations National Task Force on Crystal Meth to develop a Strategic Action Plan to Address the Emerging issue of Crystal Meth in First Nations Communities. Generally speaking, this paper provides basic information about crystal methamphetamine as well as information that is First Nations specific. The first part of the paper discusses: what crystal meth is; who is using it;...
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...a type of equipment in crystallization operations, the Mixed-Suspension, Mixed-Product-Removal Crystallizer, its operations, as well as the assumptions integrated in its practice. It also discusses the basic principles of Melt Crystallization and a brief overview of its applications in the modern society. Introduction A crystal may be defined as a solid composed of atoms or molecules arranged in an orderly, repetitive array. The interatomic distances in a crystal of any definite material are constant and are characteristic of that material. Because the pattern or arrangement of the atoms or molecules is repeated in all directions, there are definite restrictions on the kinds of symmetry that crystals can possess. There are five main types of crystals, and these types have beenarranged into seven crystallographic systems based on the crystal interfacial angles and the relative length of its axes. The treatment of the description and arrangement of the atomic structure of crystals is the science of crystallography. (Perry's Chemical Engineer Handbook - 8th ed – 2007, page 18-50) Crystallization, in its essence, is just then the process of crystal production from liquid solutions through the aid of different cooling equipment. It is one of the most used operations in sugar industries, as well as fertilizer producing companies. Different equipment designing companies also had diverted some technological upgrading in crystallization equipment to suit desired product quality...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Crystal Agencies established in 1995. Crystal Agencies is an industrial and commercial enterprise which professionally supply whole set of water purification equipment, full automatic washing and filling machine, domestic water purifier, water dispenser, pure water and contract with all kinds of piping drinking water projects. Our company and our co-operation units own powerful technical force. The reverse osmosis membrane water treatment equipment and other piping drinking water machine, water softener, washing & filling machine and water we mainly deal in, service separately for different industries such as medicine, chemical, food, beverage, cosmetic and etc. This report is the integral part of completing my BBA degree form the ………………….. The report identifies marketing performance evaluation of Crystal Agencies A case study on ECR machine of Crystal Agencies. This is basically importing the product from foreign country. It is committed to conduct all the rules and regulations prescribed by the Bangladesh import rules and regulations. The functions of the organization cover a wide range of importing activities. Fundamentally Crystal Agencies import the product and the sale that product in two ways direct sales to the consumer and sale to the dealer. To prepare this report I mostly depend on the experience and secondary data beside this I also use primary data. Primary data are originated by the quantitative research. Primary data are collected from...
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...parking lot. First, I can decorate the ceilings and walls of the parking lot with glow sticks (light sticks). This method of producing light is called chemiluminescence. Chemiluminescence is the direct production of light as the result of a chemical reaction with little or no heat produced. The glow sticks can operate by causing two chemicals to mix. A common reaction used for these devices are hydrogen peroxide and phenol oxalate ester. The hydrogen peroxide is kept in a thin small glass vial in the middle of the stick, and the second chemical phenol oxalate ester is in the main body of the light stick. Bending the light stick in the middle causes the small glass vial of hydrogen...
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...The Emerging Issue of Crystal Methamphetamine Use in First Nations Communities A Discussion Paper First Nations Centre May 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I CRYSTAL METHAMPHETAMINE: WHAT IS IT? WHO USES CRYSTAL METH HOW CRYSTAL METH IS USED HOW CRYSTAL METH IS MADE HOW CRYSTAL METH AFFECTS THE BODY, MIND, RELATIONSHIPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PART II GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES CRYSTAL METH AND ILLEGAL DRUG STRATEGIES IN CANADA FIRST NATIONS AND CRYTAL METH TREATMENT STRATEGIES PART III TALA TOOTOOSIS’ STORY CRYSTAL METH ON THE NAVAJO NATION CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A 1INTRODUCTION Crystal methamphetamine 1 use among people in some First Nations communities (both in Canada and the United States) has evolved into an issue that is requiring more and more attention. Indicative of this, in July of 2005, the Assembly of First Nations (AFN in Canada passed a resolution specifically directed at this emerging issue. ) f 2 As a result o this resolution, the AFN has identified the need for the development of a First Nations National Task Force on Crystal Meth to develop a Strategic Action Plan to Address the Emerging issue of Crystal Meth in First Nations Communities. ...
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...Introduction Chlorite is a general name for a group of magnesium rich hydrous sheet silicates possessing similar structure and chemical composition. Many green rocks owe their color to chlorite and chlorite owes its name to its green color. The Greek word choros, meaning “green,” is the origin of chlorite’s name. Consisting of negatively charged mica-like (2:1) layers regularly alternating with positively charged brucite-like (octahedral) sheets, the basic structure of chlorites allows for various compositions(Grim,1962). Members are differentiated by substitutions within the octahedral layer and the tetrahedral or octahedral positions of the mica-like layer. The arrangement of hydroxide and 2:1 sheets stacked in the z-direction defines the polytype of chlorite. There are theoretically six possible layer interlayer assemblages in either semi-random or regular "one-layer" polytypes. Of these six polytypes, four have been observed in nature (Partice De Caritat ect. 1993): clinochlore (Mg,Fe2+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8, chamosite (Fe2+,Mg)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8, nimite (Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8, and pennanite Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8. Provenance Chlorite is widespread throughout the world, often found in low- to medium-grade regional metamorphic rocks and as a secondary mineral to mafic silicates in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is an occasional constituent of igneous rocks, in most cases probably forming secondarily by deuteric or hydrothermal alteration of primary...
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...1. What are the elements that compose the Earth and give the percentage composition of each? The earth as a whole consists of the following elements and percentages: * * Iron – 32% * Oxygen – 30% * Silicon – 15% * Magnesium – 14% * Sulfur – 3% * Nickel – 2% * Calcium – 2% * Aluminium – 1% * Sodium – 3 (percent by weight) * Potassium – 2.5 (percent by weight) 2. What is mineral? Describe the six physical and two chemical properties used to identify minerals. Minerals are substances formed naturally in the Earth. They have a definite chemical composition and structure. Physical: The physical characteristics of minerals include traits that are use to identify and describe mineral species. * Cleavage is tendency of a crystalline mineral to break in certain directions yielding more or less smooth planar surfaces. These planes of lowest bond energy have minimum value of cohesion. An amorphous body of course has no cleavage. * Parting is obtained when the mineral is subjected to external force. The mineral breaks along planes of structural weakness. The weakness may result from pressure and twinning. Parting resembles cleavage. * Hardness. It is mineral's "scratchability". It is related to the attraction force between atoms. The degree of hardness is determined by observing comparatively the relative ease or difficulty with which one mineral is scratched by another, or by a finger nail, file or knife. * Diapheneity...
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...slender income and challenged health who, with his wife, Margaret, managed to raise a tight-knit family of three children. Faraday's father was of the Sandemanian faith, which Faraday was to adopt as a guiding force throughout his life. When Faraday turned 14, he was apprenticed to a book binder, and during this time, familiarized himself with the teachings of Isaac Watts, a cleric from the previous century. It was Watts's work, The Improvement of the Mind, that put Faraday on the road to self-improvement. In 1810, Faraday began attending meetings of the then recently formed City Philosophical Society, where he heard lectures on scientific subjects, of which chemistry and electricity held the most sway over his imagination. Faraday's relationship with Sir Humphry Davy began when Faraday attended a series of lectures by the famous scientist. Faraday was about to dedicate the rest of his life to bookbinding when, in what turned out to be a happy accident, Davy injured himself as a result of an experiment gone awry, and, in need of a secretary, hired Faraday. Faraday then gave Davy a copy of bound notes from Davy's lectures that Faraday had attended. Davy was impressed, and in 1813, when an assistant at the Royal Institution lost his job, Davy hired Faraday as his replacement. When Davy went abroad on a prolonged visit to the continent in 1813, he asked Faraday to join him. During this journey, which was to last until 1815, Faraday was required to perform the duties of a valet...
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...Observations on the Characteristics of Diffusion A Scientific Paper Submitted to Professor Christina Barazona College of Science and Mathematics - Department of Biological Sciences Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines By Janna R. Andalan August 2013 ABSTRACT The Experiment conducted involves diffusion. The point of this experiment was to know the characteristics of diffusion and to formulate hypothesis based on diffusion. It has also a purpose to see whether the diffusion is dependent on distance, rate and molecular weight of the substance. The estimation of distance is predicted by getting the average of the substance. Rate is predicted by subtracting the final diameter to initial diameter and dividing it by time. It is determined that there are three things which influence the movement of molecules such as kinetic energy, nature of the environment and size of the molecules. By this, we know which dye diffused at the fastest rate by measuring the diameter of the colored area immediately after adding the substance to the agar plate. After one hour of measuring the methylene blue by 15 minutes interval, the substance moved immediately in 0min until 45minutes, the remaining minutes remains the same. While on the potassium permanganate, the substance moved from 0minutes to 1hour. These happened because they had different molecular weight and also the size of the substance...
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...Drugs have an interesting history that many people may not even know. During the 1600’s, Jamestown settlers were the first to grow the first drug that we now know as marijuana. Europeans were major contributors that were involved with planting flowers, sugar and mostly important tobacco. French began to explore their new substances and expanded the wealth, using expensive travels by ships and spread it with different cultures like the Spanish, Portuguese and British. Pierre Pomet was considered to be the French official, when referring to drugs. Pierre seeked every possible opportunity and introduced methods where his work actually became appealing. Pomet ran a well-renown and fashionable apothecary store in Paris, and was appointed chief druggist to Louis XIV “(O’Sullivan, 2014).Myths were told all the time, but not everyone really believed them or paid any attention to them. A man named Christopher Columbus during the late 1400’s, developed new trade routes for those drug trafficking owners and dealers. Everyone knew Christopher as the man who discovered America and other conspiracies. He was a famous explorer during the time and everyone decided to take advantage of Columbus’s trade routes to India and China. The Chinese community often associated with the French and Dutch traders. Colonists from Europe believe that sooner or later traders were going to get caught distributing illegal substances. As centuries passed by, ships became more durable and bigger which benefited...
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...relation to the aerospace industry, solid propellants are burned in a laboratory setting at different pressures reminiscent of those seen in real rocket motors, and the resulting of burning rates are plotted as a function of pressure. According to Biblarz and Sutton [5], burning rate and pressure are related by a power function (called propellant power law) Equation 1, which is also known as (Saint Robert’s Law). r_b=a.P^n……………………(1). Where, rb : is the burning rate, P: is the test pressure, a: is the experimentally constant known as the temperature coefficient, n: is the burning rate exponent or pressure index. A linear relationship fitted to Equation 1 (illustrated in Figure 2) for a typical propellant formulation, when the burning rate is plotted as a function of pressure on a log-log scale. Figure 2: Burning rate and pressure linear relationship. AP oxidizer composite solid propellant plays a pivotal role in influencing the burning rate due to its particle size, concentration and combinations of particle sizes utilized. The loading of AP by percent mass (αox) influences oxidizer-fuel ratios which...
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...Onyemaobi. He has been sharpening my research and writing skills since my undergraduate days. This is the third term paper I will be submitting to him. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Preface Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 Introduction Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Microscopes and Microscopy Levels of Structure Methods of Structural and Compositional Elucidation Microscopy i ii iii-v 1-12 1 1 3 4 6 8 13-24 13 13 14 16 17 18 19 21 CHAPTER TWO 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy Interaction of Electrons with Solids Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) TEM Modes and Applications General Surface Information & External Morphology Contrast from an Imperfect Crystal Precipitates and Second Phases iii Markudo [2005] 2.3.5 Specialized Techniques of TEM 21 25-41 25 25 27 28 33 33 35 36 40 42-47 42 42 43 44 44 46 47 CHAPTER THREE 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.3...
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...MY BIOLOGY S.B.A Lab #1 Topic: Classification Aim: To classify organisms into groups Apparatus: Method: A list of 10 organisms in my school environment was made and observed. A table was constructed to show the organism and their visible characteristics. Another table was constructed to show the kingdom, phylum and class to which the organisms belong. Observation Organism | Visible Characteristics | Bird | They are vertebrates with a pair of wings. They also have a beak | Cat | They are vertebrates that have sharp claws, a smooth coat of hair (fur) and panted teeth | Earth Worm | Has a long, ring-like segmental body, lives in the soil, has a clitellum | Lizard | Has a scaly skin, 2 pairs of legs | Crab | Has a hard exo-skeleton, has claws, four pairs of jointed legs, seen in wet places | | | Plants | | Pine | Has stems, roots and leaves, produces seed that grow inside cones | Fern | Has roots, stems and leaves, has spores on the underside of the leaves, does not have flower | Hibiscus | Produces flowers, has root, stems and leaves | Leaf of Life | Does not produce flower, has roots, stems and leaves | Mahogany | Has roots, Stems and leaves | | Organism | Kingdom | Phylum | Class | 1 | Bird | Animalia | Chordata | Ares | 2 | Cat | Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | 3 | Earthworm | Animalia | Chordata | | 4 | Lizard | Animalia | Chordata | Reptilia | 5 | Crab | Animalia | Chordata | Crustacea | Plants 1 | Pine | Plantae...
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...LESSON 1: History of Electronics The introduction of vacuum tubes at the beginning of the 20th century was the starting point of the rapid growth of modern electronics. With the vacuum tubes the manipulation signals became possible, which could not be done with the early telegraph and telephone circuit or with the early transmitters using high voltage sparks to create radio waves. Example: weak radio and audio signals can be amplified, audio signals such as music or voice can be superimposed radio waves. The development of a large variety of tubes designed for specialized functions made possible the swift progress of radio communication technology before World War II and the development of early computers during and shortly after the war. The transistor invented in 1948, has now completely replaced the vacuum tubes in most of its application. Incorporating an arrangement of semiconductor materials and electrical contacts, the transistor provides the same functions at reduced cost, weight and power consumption and with higher reliability. Subsequent advances in semiconductor technology, in part attributable to the intensity of research associated with the space exploration effort led to the development of the integrated circuit. Integrated circuits may contain hundreds of thousands of transistors on small piece of material and allow the construction of complex electronic circuits, such as those in microcomputers, audio, and video equipment and communication satellites. ...
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...engineering lipases for specific purposes. Significant structural data have been presented for few microbial lipases, while, there is still a structure-deficit, that is, most lipase structures are yet to be resolved. A search for ‘lipase structure’ in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/) returns only 93 hits (as of September 2007) and, the NCBI database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) reports 89 lipase structures as compared to 14719 core nucleotide records. It is therefore worthwhile to consider investigations on the structural analysis of microbial lipases. This review is intended to provide a collection of resources on the instrumental, chemical and bioinformatics approaches for structure analyses. X-ray crystallography is a versatile tool for the structural biochemists and is been exploited till today. The chemical methods of recent interests include molecular modeling and combinatorial designs. Bioinformatics has surged striking interests in protein structural analysis with the advent of innumerable tools. Furthermore, a literature platform of the structural elucidations so far investigated has been presented with detailed descriptions as applicable to microbial lipases. A case study of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) has also been discussed which...
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