...HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH Theory & Practice Vol.21 (Supplement 1) 2006 Pages i19–i32 Advance Access publication 31 July 2006 Improving measurement in health education and health behavior research using item response modeling: comparison with the classical test theory approach Mark Wilson*, Diane D. Allen and Jun Corser Li Abstract This paper compares the approach and resultant outcomes of item response models (IRMs) and classical test theory (CTT). First, it reviews basic ideas of CTT, and compares them to the ideas about using IRMs introduced in an earlier paper. It then applies a comparison scheme based on the AERA/APA/NCME ‘Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests’ to compare the two approaches under three general headings: (i) choosing a model; (ii) evidence for reliability—incorporating reliability coefficients and measurement error—and (iii) evidence for validity—including evidence based on instrument content, response processes, internal structure, other variables and consequences. An example analysis of a self-efficacy (SE) scale for exercise is used to illustrate these comparisons. The investigation found that there were (i) aspects of the techniques and outcomes that were similar between the two approaches, (ii) aspects where the item response modeling approach contributes to instrument construction and evaluation beyond the classical approach and (iii) aspects of the analysis where the measurement models had little to do with the analysis or outcomes. There...
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...LAW421 Week 4 Individual Assignment - Crusoe and Cold Case Trucking Name University Individual Assignment - Crusoe and Cold Case Trucking 1. What is Crusoe's agent classification? What factors should CCT analyze in making this determination? Crusoe’s agent classification is an “independent contractor”. CCT provides only direction for the completion of tasks and does not provide a direct supervisory role of Crusoe. The IRS three-prong test would be the primary way this classification is made. The three components of the test include Behavioral, Financial, and Work Relationship. In regards to behavioral, Crusoe maintains independent freedom on how to perform project tasks. Financially, Crusoe is paid only when the invoice is submitted, as a opposed to a regular paycheck. The work relationship is focused on a single project and is clearly not an ongoing commitment, despite that fact that Crusoe is making a full time effort on the project currently. 2. What is the source of Crusoe's authority to act as CCT’s agent? The source of Crusoe’s authority is “actual”. CCT has given Crusoe the permission to act on its behalf to achieve the goals of the business. Actual authority occurs when one party gives another party express or implied permission to act on their behalf. Reference: http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/actual_authority 3. Assume that Crusoe is driving to interview one of CCT’s customers for his study of CCT's logistical operations. While en route, he negligently...
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...FORECASTING - a method for translating past experience into estimates of the future. Forecasting is the process of making statements about events whose actual outcomes (typically) have not yet been observed. A commonplace example might be estimation of the expected value for some variable of interest at some specified future date. Prediction is a similar, but more general term. Both might refer to formal statistical methods employing time series, cross-sectional or longitudinal data, or alternatively to less formal judgemental methods. Usage can differ between areas of application: for example in hydrology, the terms "forecast" and "forecasting" are sometimes reserved for estimates of values at certain specific future times, while the term "prediction" is used for more general estimates, such as the number of times floods will occur over a long period. Risk and uncertainty are central to forecasting and prediction; it is generally considered good practice to indicate the degree of uncertainty attaching to forecasts. The process of climate change and increasing energy prices has led to the usage of Egain Forecasting of buildings. The method uses Forecasting to reduce the energy needed to heat the building, thus reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Forecasting is used in the practice of Customer Demand Planning in every day business forecasting for manufacturing companies. The discipline of demand planning, also sometimes referred to as supply chain forecasting, embraces...
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...DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ENTER UNIT NAME AFVB-XB-F 15 January 2012 MEMORANDUM FOR SUBJECT: Initial Counseling/ Philosophy 1. The purpose of this counseling is to provide you with the information about my philosophy on leadership, standards and expectations. I have tremendous expectations of you as a Bradley Gunner in this platoon. I am confident that you will not have any difficulty implementing and accomplishing what is expected as long as we work together as a team. Always remember, there is no “I” in “TEAM”! As a leader, I owe you the opportunity to perform to the best of your abilities. By the same token, I will not do your job for you. Always do what is right not what is easy and when no one is looking. 2. I am proud and honored to be your Section Leader. My goal is to ensure this section is the best Infantry Section in the Army (and I mean it)! Your job as a Bradley Gunner is tough and demanding. I understand this because I once was where you are today. 3. LEADERSHIP: Effective leadership can sometimes appear strange because there are no set rules or formula to guide you. Every soldier’s (regardless of rank) personality is different. Therefore, I place the utmost trust and confidence (until proven lost) in the abilities of my leaders and charge them to effectively lead, develop and take care of soldiers entrusted to them. I will delegate and give as much responsibility as any soldier can handle and is willing to accept. I manage by observing; asking questions...
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...Collares-Pereira d,∗ Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular and Instituto de Ciência Aplicada e Tecnologia, Lisboa, Portugal Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom c Centro de Estudos de Vectores e Doencas Infecciosas Dr. Franscisco Cambournac, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Águas de Moura, Portugal ¸ d Unidade de Leptospirose e Borreliose de Lyme, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, and Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, FCT/UNL, Rua da Junqueira 96, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal b a a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Plasmid profiles of 2 Portuguese Borrelia lusitaniae strains, one isolated from a human patient and the other one from an Ixodes ricinus...
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...Week 6 Discussion For the Week 6 Discussion you will create a Gantt chart for one element of the St. Dismas case study project. Using a project management tool like MS Project is typically the easiest and fastest way to do this. However, it is not the only way. You can use MS Office products as well to create the Gantt Chart. Students often ask about the use of project management software applications in this course. In the past we required the use of MS Project for this course but removed it as a requirement when we rewrote the course. The reason we removed it was that MS Project has a very steep learning curve for all but the most basic functions. The software is very expensive and is not web-based so it requires installation on your computer. This posed many issues for our students. In this course the assignments were designed so that students could complete them without using any project management software at all. For example, the WBS can be done using MS Word, EXCEL, PowerPoint, or VISIO. The same is true of the Gantt chart and network diagram although it does take more time to do them this way than it would if you used software that automatically draws the Gantt and network diagram from the WBS. There are a number of free tools and helpful websites available for creating project Gantt Charts. Here is a sample you might want to explore. How to create a Gantt Chart in MS EXCEL http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel-help/present-your-data-in-a-gantt-chart-in-excel-HA010238253...
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...ARMY YOUR UNIT YOUR BASE AFVB-XB-F 26 March 2012 MEMORANDUM FOR SGT SMITH SUBJECT: Motor SGT Initial Counseling/ Philosophy 1. The purpose of this counseling is to provide you with the information about my philosophy on leadership, standards and expectations. I have tremendous expectations of you as a Motor sergeant in this company. I am confident that you will not have any difficulty implementing and accomplishing what is expected as long as we work together as a team. Always remember, there is no “I” in “TEAM”! As a leader, I owe you the opportunity to perform to the best of your abilities. By the same token, I will not do your job for you. Always do what is right not what is easy and when no one is looking. 2. I am proud and honored to be your Motor Sergeant. My goal is to ensure this Team is the best MST in the Army (and I mean it)! Your job as a Squad Leader is tough and demanding. I understand this because I once was where you are today. 3. LEADERSHIP: Effective leadership can sometimes appear strange because there are no set rules or formula to guide you. Every soldier’s (regardless of rank) personality is different. Therefore, I place the utmost trust and confidence (until proven lost) in the abilities of my leaders and charge them to effectively lead, develop and take care of soldiers entrusted to them. I will delegate and give as much responsibility as any soldier can handle and is willing to accept. I manage by observing;...
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...speech for the short term and long term perspective of the Indian economy are: 1. To lead economy to high GDP growth rate of 9% p.a. at the earliest. 2. To deepen and broaden the agenda for inclusive development. 3. To improve delivery mechanisms of the government. In keeping with tradition, the Budget proposals are a mixed bag of the good and the bad. Some of the biggest disappointments in the Budget proposals are that there are no provisions for any reforms in the FDI policy, the public sector enterprises such as banks and insurance companies are to remain in the public sector and there is a projected fiscal deficit of 6.8%. The major positives are the proposals to abolish Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT), Commodities Transaction Tax (CTT) as well as to phase out surcharge on income tax starting with its elimination in this Budget from personal income tax. Another significant benefit is the clarification on taxation of Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs). This synopsis prepared by the tax team of ALMT Legal summarises some of the important direct and indirect tax proposals that were made by the Finance Minister in his Budget speech on 6 July 2009. BUDGET 2009-10 – SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS Direct Tax The Budget focuses on improvement on the efficiency of the tax system by proposing setting up of a Centralized Processing Centre (CPC), introduction of a new direct tax code for...
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...CBRN Room Maintenance SOP Table of Contents 1. CONCEPT Page 2 2. PURPOSE 2 3. APPLICABILITY 2 4. RESPONSIBILITIES 2– 7 5. OPERATOR PMCS 8 6. UNIT LEVEL PMCS 9 7. SUPPLY ACCOUNTABILITY 10 8. SAFETY GUIDANCE FOR CBRN EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 11 9. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE 12 10. CALIBRATION/WIPETESTS 12-13 11. PUBLICATIONS MANAGEMENT 13 12. FILES MANAGEMENT 14 13. READINESS REPORTING 14 12. POINT OF CONTACT (For the SOP) REPLY TO ATTENTION OF DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY HEADQUARTERS, 82ND CIVIL AFFAIRS BATTALION 1984 WILLIAM H. WILSON AVE STE. 108 FORT STEWART, GA 31314 AFZP-VSA-CO 16 June 2014 MEMORANDUM F0R RECORD SUBJECT: CBRN SOP 1. CONCEPT: This SOP contains information and guidance from many sources. It is intended to simplify the task of learning CBRN room maintenance operations, provide a ready reference for CBRN room maintenance operations, and convey the commander’s intent concerning maintenance of equipment stored in the CBRN room. 2. PURPOSE: To establish procedures for the maintenance of equipment stored in the unit CBRN room. 3. APPLICABILITY: This SOP applies to all personnel assigned to the unit. ...
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...Pakistan's largest footwear manufacturer and exporter. It also has interests in retailing. Its Group Company, SSC Private Limited, is the country's largest retailer and wholesaler of footwear. The Group was set up in 1958 and today has sales of more than PKR 9 billion. The Company runs its footwear retail business under Servis brand as Servis Shoe Stores. It has further established some of the most loved footwear brands including Don Carlos, Cheetah, Calza, Liza, Toz, and Skooz. It also has distribution alliances with leading international brands in footwear including SERVIS, CAT and exclusive franchise of ECCO in Pakistan. SSC a part of Servis Group Which has a rich heritage spanning over half a century and is today regarded as one of the most respected corporate citizens. The Group invests actively in CSR initiatives and projects – nationally as well as abroad. SSC is respected for its innovation footwear designs which are a result of its considerable invest in merchandising and product development departments. This has proven to be a driving engine for the business that has produced millions of satisfied customers. The Company has strategic relationships with Group companies which...
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...CECOM FSB Instructor Course Student Guide 15.03.23 PREPARATION 1 Instructor and Classroom Preparation 3 Classroom Management 17 Course Introduction 33 LESSON PLANNING AND PRESENTATION 41 Introduction to Lesson Planning 43 Anticipatory Set 51 Learning Objectives Writing Questions and Objectives Using Bloom’s Taxonomy 57 Input and Modeling Implications of Short-Term Memory Research Implications of Long-Term Memory Research Presentation Skills: Verbal, Vocal, Visual Presentation Skills: Questioning 77 93 105 113 Guided Practice Cooperative Learning Learning Styles/Modalities: Multiple Intelligences 121 135 Independent Practice Differentiated Instruction Assessment 153 161 Closure 171 REFERENCES 177 1 2 3 4 5 6 Course Overview Lesson Planning • • • • • • • • • • • Class Schedule • Start Time • Lunch • Dismissal • Breaks Class Agenda: what topics are taught on what days Review Anticipatory Set Objectives Purpose Input and Modeling Check for Understanding Guided Practice Closure Independent Practice (Sousa, 2011) The instructor is given what to teach, and he/she chooses how to teach it. We intend not to overwhelm students with information, and we will learn why in later lessons on memory. 7 Reliable Sources • • • • Quick reference guides Training manuals Manufacturer’s website...
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...Project Management Project CMGT/410 Kudler Fine Food Implementation Project Introduction Kudler Fine Foods is a privately owned California-based gourmet food store founded in 1998 by Kathy Kudler. Kudler Fine Foods has three stores in La Jolla, Del Mar, and El Encinitas, California. KFF offers high-end products and markets them in upscale neighborhoods. KFF has expressed an interest in the development of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system to improve business administration and integrate stores and business systems. The desired results from a successful implementation of the ERP: devising more informed decision-making strategies, streamlining sales and business processes across the three stores and integration all functional business systems for effective business management. This document serves as a project plan to define necessary information and detail for the development and implementation of the Kudler Fine Foods ERP system in reference to Service Request SR-kf-004. Background and Statement of Need Kudler Fine Foods is a specialty food store that currently has three locations in the San Diego metropolitan area. The stores stock specialty foods that are both domestic and imported and are also perishable. The owner is in the process of opening two additional stores as well as developing a website that consumers would be able to make purchases and the stores would be able to track inventory and stock as well. In addition...
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...Part A: Literature Review Abstract Economic liberalization triggers many local and international organizations to expand their business along with establishing their reputation globally. As to expand internationally, expatriation process is necessary for a company to establish themselves successfully internationally. One of the biggest challenges that companies are facing nowadays is the poor selection and development of expatriates. This paper is intended to discuss on those expatriation issues and the recommendations for the company to overcome those issues. In the first part of this paper, the literature review of the expatriation is discussed and the second part will be covered on the recommendations that are derived from the limitations that were identified from the literature review in part one. 1.1 Expatriation Due to the increasing business activities in today’s world, it is just not enough for a company to be successful in the national market only. Due to globalization, there have been many international investments and mergers and acquisitions. This globalization requires the companies to reflect on new measurements or estimations to stay focused and remain competitive in the global market such as the importance of knowledge transfer and international management development. This means the expatriation and expatriates have become a formula for every international management and companies that are looking forward to achieve their success in the global market (Nikolaeva...
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...English Language Proficiency Assessment in the Nation: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PRACTICE Edited by Jamal Abedi U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A , D AV I S • S C H O O L O F E D U C A T I O N Copyright © 2007 The Regents of the University of California The work reported herein was supported in part by the National Research and Development Centers, PR/Award Number R305A050004, as administered by the U.S. Department of Education’s Institute of Education Sciences (IES). The findings and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the positions or policies of the Institute of Education Sciences, or the U.S. Department of Education. T his study required the participation of all fifty states, their assessment directors, particularly those involved with the NCLB Title III assessments. Their cooperation and patience is much appreciated, and their dedication to educating young people is greatly admired. We cannot thank the states enough for their collaboration with this project. Many people generously contributed to the development of this report. We are especially indebted to the chapter authors for their invaluable contributions and for their patience throughout this process. Sue Rigney from the U.S. Department of Education contributed greatly to the quality of this work by providing excellent comments and suggestions. We are so grateful for her support, advice and contribution to this report. Kathleen Leos of the U.S...
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...1. Introduction After independence in 1971, Bangladesh moved to a private sector led export oriented economy in late 1970’s from a highly protected government led economy in search of prosperity and growth. Even though there was little growth and development in the country as a whole; one particular sector, the Readymade Garment (RMG) industry was the beneficiary of privatization. From 0.2 percent in 1980’s, it came to 75 percent in 2004-05 of country’s total export. This industry employs 1.8 million people of whom 90 percent are women. Trade liberalization as a form of globalization followed by the imposition of quotas by US was the key input while entrepreneurs played the anchor role to take advantage of these conditions. Government also came forward with favourable policies for further growth. However, the quota oriented worldwide apparel trade came to an end on December 2004. What is going to happen in the Bangladesh apparel industry, which was predicted to lose its stake in an open market? This dissertation aims to discover the condition of the apparel industry as a whole at present and how the firms adjust to the situation with their internal rearrangement. Additionally, issues considered as vital for industry’s growth, such as infrastructure, information technology in the form of database, internet and software, and capacity building will be discussed. The dissertation starts with the global picture of apparel trade, and with a brief description how this trade...
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