...Unit 2: AHIST 1401 Written Assignment Ancient Greece and Rome are known for the architecture of their buildings including temples. The Parthenon in Athens is a Doric peripteral temple on the Athenian Acropolis in Greece which was dedicated to the goddess Athena. The Pantheon is also a former temple but located in Rome, Italy. It is now used a church and is the most preserved and influential building in Ancient Rome. (Rome.Info, n.d.) Although both former temples, they have not only similarities but a few differences as well. Both were built in different styles and their functions have different purposes as well. However, looking at the styles and functions, we can interpret how they are examples of Greek and Roman culture. The Parthenon’s...
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...Eiffel Tower * Eiffel Tower is an iron tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. * It was named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. * It has become both a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The tower is the tallest structure in Paris. * Submitted as a project in response to the note on the construction of a structure on the Champ de Mars, Gustave Eiffel designed the four legged tower for the bid. * Gustave did this with his assistant engineers Maurice Koechlin and Emily Nauguier and Architect Stephen Sauvetre. Gustave Eiffel Born in Dijon in 1832 * He was an Engineer who graduated from the Ecole central des Arts et manufactures (Central School of Arts and Manufactures) in 1855. * He constructed hundreds of Metallic structures around the world. * Eiffel Tower was built for the International Exhibition of Paris of 1889 as an entrance arch commemorating the centenary of the French Revolution. * Originally the structure had been planned for Barcelona in 1888 but the authorities there did not believe it fitted in with the culture and design of the region and refused permission at which point the designer applied to the Paris authorities to have the structure erected in France. * Initially the idea of the Eiffel Tower was met with disdain by many members of the public who, probably influenced by the fact that Barcelona had rejected idea...
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...Ancient Greek Religion Final “What is Ancient Greek religion?” Main focus on the element of festivals, sanctuaries, and cults and how these all incorporate their own unique aspects when defining Ancient Greek religion. The Greek religious system depended not on a single deity, but on many. It did not depend on a sacred text and was served by both female and male priests. Greek gods did not assert rules for human conduct. The Ancient Greeks imagined human shapes and personalities for the immortal deities and then honored them in rituals that both comforted individuals and supported existing social systems. Religion in Ancient Greece was about community. While an individual does not have to believe the same thing as the community, they do have to participate equally in the religious actions. Belief was not the important thing. But if you don’t participate with the community, that will anger everyone and it offends the gods and endangers the community. It is treason to not participate. Greek religion is about action, not belief. It’s about give and take. The practice of religion cannot be separated from social and political life. Many concepts of Greek religion could be seen to benefit more than just the religious aspects. * Sanctuaries * Two most necessary features (directly related to ritual): * A place of sacrifice * A boundary line marking the space within which sacred rituals could be performed * Most sanctuaries were...
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...The temple of Hera, also called the Haraion, is one of the first monumental temples in Greece. It is located in the north-west corner of the blessed area of the Altis, on the south slopes of Kronios hill, secured by a powerful terrace wall. It was devoted to the Olympian sanctuary by the people of Skillous, which is an ancient city of Eleia. It has been said that the temple was built approximately eight years after Oxylos rose to the throne of Elis, which was c. 1096 BC, but in reality it is much later. Around 650 BC, the first Heraion was built, it was a small Doric temple with merely a cella and pronaos. Later in 600 BC, the opisthodomos and ptero were added. However, the theory that the entire temple was built around 600 BC prevails today. The temple was renovated a few times, and the Romans decided to convert it into a kind of museum. The museum was for sanctuary’s choicest treasures, such as the famous Hermes by Praxiteles. The temple, which has a typical squat appearance owing to its great length in proportion to itsextent and its low height, is orientated east-west. It was a Doric peripteral hexastyle with sixteen columns at the sides. The original wooden columns were slowly replaced by stone ones. In which they belong to every period from the Archaic to Roman times, and it demonstrates the full development of the Doric style. Even when Pausanias visited the temple in the second century AD, a wooden column was still in place at the opisthodomos. The columns had shallow...
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...Architecture Tobias Lopez HUM/226 July 9, 2012 Beverly Smith Architecture Greek Architecture was inspired by the Parthenon in Athens Greece, which was build in 480 BC. The main purpose for which Greek Architecture was know for was its temples. These temples were build in dedication to the Greek gods. Gothic Architecture first originated in the 12th century France, it is most know for the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. Both these styles of architecture Characteristics Some of the major characteristics of classical Greek architecture, a majority of the buildings were built using the post-and-lintel method. The Parthenon shows features that were used in Ancient Greek architecture for example the Crepidoma, which is the platform on which the structure was erected on. The Temple of Hephaestos shows the Doric columns, which was another main feature of Greek architecture, was used in buildings build in the seventh century. The columns were a reflection of tree trucks, which was the main use to build columns before they turned to different building materials. The building materials that was use was mostly stone, since Greece contain a great amount of it. The golden rectangle is famous in Greek architecture and is one of the things still used in modern architecture today. Gothic architecture was a mixture of already existing styles of building, this established a new form of building style. This style was mainly used in cathedrals and Gothic churches....
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...Whether made by artists, writers, philosophers or sculptors, each one had an impact on Greek history. The famous Athenian sculptor, Pheidias (ca. 480-430 B.C.), was one of the most significant artists of his time. Best known for his work on the Parthenon and the chryselephantine cult statues of Athena and Zeus, Pheidias was a renowned public figure. It was difficult to become a successful sculptor, but everyone praised a great one. Children were not encouraged to become sculptors, however, as stated by Spivey, “...if one were to become a Pheidias...and produced many great works, everyone may have praised one’s skill.” Pheidias’ greatest achievement was the establishment of the perception of Athena and Zeus, which he conceived from his own visions of the gods....
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...Unit 1 Introduction to Humanities Individual Project Tenisha Greene HUMA215-1101B- AIU Online Instructor Marek McKenna, MA August 25, 2012 Differences and Similarities Early Greece Early Rome |The Greeks were responsible for various temples and such sculptures as the Parthenon, the temple at| |The Roman empire built some of the grandest structure amongst all other early civilizations. | |Hephaestus, and the concert hall Odeon. The three architectural styles the Greeks used to build | |The Romans built aqueducts, the amphitheaters, the coliseum, walls, temples, cathedrals, | |structures were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. These styles were used to create palaces, sculptures,| |tombs, sculptures, pottery, and clay terra cotta statues. The Romans specialized in arched | |art, and jewelry. During the archaic times the Greek culture made grade stride with their | |entrances and columns. The three architectural styles the Romans used to build structures | |sculptures, pottery and clay terra cotta statues. | |were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. | | | ...
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...the finest artists to have ever lived. The Greeks used many different types of materials in their sculptures including stone, marble and limestone as these were abundant in Greece. Other materials such as clay were also used but due to their brittle nature very few have survived. Greek sculptures are very important as the vast majority of them tell us a story about Gods, Heroes, Events, Mythical Creatures and Greek culture in general. Many of the statues that have survived are actually of Roman origin. Like many people today the Romans had a deep respect for Greek sculptures and many were copied. If the Romans had not made these copies, many of the Greek Legends and stories that we know today would have been lost to antiquity. Geometric Art was a dramatic transformation that led to the establishment of primary Greek institutions such as the Greek city and the Greek alphabet. Although primarily visual, transformation is a concept which moves it way through history. Sculptures and carvings began to be made representing each city states' heroes and past legends including animals and humans. The growth of new trade routes and the opportunities for colonization permitted Greek art to flourish. Large temples and sanctuaries were built in tribute to the Gods and were furnished with precious statues and art. The armed...
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...In ancient Greek architecture, there were three main "orders" that guided ancient architects. They were the Doric order, the Ionic order and the Corinthian order. There were also a couple lesser used orders called the Tuscan order and the Composite order. Each Order had a wide variety of rules that could be used in the design and construction of the temples. Shape, details, proportions all had to follow the rules of each separate Order. For example, the Doric order stated that the height of a column should be five and a half times more than its diameter. And the Ionic order stated it should be a smaller ratio, nine to one. Greek architects took the appearance of a building or a temple as basic guide line to the way they constructed it....
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...The people of ancient Greece lived nearly 4,000 years ago. Yet even today, their culture impacts our lives! We received many gifts from the ancient Greeks. Ancient Greek Inventions are in fact the original concepts of some of our most well known products, to this day. Those original concepts have just taken on a more modern form. OLYMPICS: The first Olympics games are usually given the start year of 776 BCE, but they probably began even sooner. The ancient Greeks loved competitions of all sorts, especially sporting competitions. The Olympics were not the onlycompetition games held in ancient Greece, but they were the most popular. The Greeks took the Olympic games quite seriously. Nearly all the ancient Greek cities sent teams to participate in the ancient Greek Olympics. If two or more Greek city-states happen to be at war with each other when the game date arrived, war was halted for the duration of the games. Everyone wanted their city-state to win! Sciences Greece has importantly influenced the Western science in many ways. The Ancient Greeks especially contributed many things to the scientific world, from medicine to astronomy. The most famous ancient Greek scientists and their work are briefly described below. Thales of Miletus (640-610 to ca 548-545 BC) had travelled widely in quest of knowledge, visiting Crete, Phoenicia, and Egypt. Ηe brought Phoenician navigational techniques into Miletus. Thales is also said to have tried to revise the calendar. He also...
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...Greek temples were often designed to serve as protect statues within Greek sanctuaries in Greek paganism. The temples usually indirectly served as a cult purpose, meanwhile the sacrifices and rituals devoted to the respective divinity took place outside them. Temples were frequently used to store votive offerings. They are the most widespread and known building type in Greek architecture. There are artists today who have tried to mimic artists in ancient Greece, but have failed miserably. One of the most significant features to come out of Greek art is the architecture, most prominent the three architectural orders of ancient Greece, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The workings of this order has a systematic order of inter dependable parts whose scopes are based upon mathematical ratios. The basic components of all three orders are the columns. Although most of us do not know this order, they see it every day. The Doric order has shafts that composed of drums seated on top of a sty lobate. The shafts do not have bases in the Doric order like they do in the others. At the top of each column lies an entablature and at the top of each entablature lies a pediment. The Doric order was mainly used in Greek and Rome and was the earliest of the three orders. The Doric order came about in a definite form in 7th century B.C, but it was not widely used until the 19th century during the Greek revival which was an architectural movement that took place between the end of the 18th century and...
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...Music 360 Research Paper: Ancient Greek Instruments and Performance Practice The ancient Greeks have always been knows from their innovations. They revolutionized agriculture, architecture, education, and music (to name just a few of the advances they made). The philosophers and educators made music one of the main focuses in education, and with this focus came progress. The musical instruments that were made were both unique and new to the world. From new stringed instruments to winds to instruments that use water the music of ancient Greece was truly something new to the world. Unfortunately, not much about the performance practices is known due to the effects of war, time, and most of the music was passed down through word of mouth....
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...Guiding Question ? Constantine played a large role in the rise of Christianity throughout the western world. How did a persecuted cult spread to form a widespread religion within a few hundred years? Persecution of Christians Emperor Nero was one who persecuted Christians brutally with punishments often resulting in death. Emperor Nero killed many Christians by setting dogs loose on them, burning them alive and other horrible methods. Christians were most likely persecuted because the Roman religion saw that Christians did not sacrifice to the Roman Gods. In the eyes of the Roman religious followers this is seen as an...
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...Art and CultureArt in ancient GreeceThe Charioteer of Delphi, Delphi Archaeological Museum. One of the greatest surviving works of Greek sculpture, dating from about 470 B.C. Source:WikipediaThe art of ancient Greece has exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries from ancient times until the present, particularly in the areas of sculpture and architecture. In the West, the art of the Roman Empire was largely derived from Greek models. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, with ramifications as far as Japan. Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece dominated the art of the western world.PeriodsThe art of Ancient Greece is usually divided stylistically into four periods: the Geometric, the Archaic, the Classical and the Hellenistic.As noted above, the Geometric age is usually dated from about 1000 BC, although in reality little is known about art in Greece during the preceding 200 years (traditionally known as the Dark Ages), the period of the 7th century BC witnessed the slow development of the Archaic style as exemplified by the black-figure style of vase painting. The onset of the Persian Wars (480 BC to 448 BC) is usually taken as the dividing line...
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...in the early 19th century emphasized Greece as the Mother of Rome which, in turn, shifted interest to Grecian models. The style is an adaptation of the classic Greek temple front employing details of Doric, Ionic or Corinthian order To the popular mind the Greek temple was associated with the origins of American democracy in ancient Greece. Greece's involvement in a war for independence (1821-30) aroused much sympathy in the newly independent United States. Further, the War of 1812 fought against England diminished American affection for British influence, including the still dominant Adam ("Federal" in U.S.) style in domestic architecture. The popularity of Greek Revival led it to be called the National Style. Newly established towns throughout the country even took names such as Athens, Sparta, and Ithaca. Identifying features: * Most have porticos (either entry or full-width) supported by prominent square or rounded columns, typically of Doric style, but also Ionic and Corinthian * Gabled or hipped roof of low pitch * Cornice line of main roof and porch roofs emphasized with wide band of trim (this represents the classical entablature and is usually divided into two parts: the frieze above and architrave below) * Enormous windows and doors * Front door surrounded by narrow sidelights and a rectangular line of transom lights above, door and lights usually incorporated into more elaborate door surround (ancient Greek structures did not use arches) ...
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