...A1- Explain how you determined your product design decisions in the simulation. In the simulation we had to start a computer company from the ground. Initially, we were given a 2 million dollar investment to start with. We had to choose 2 out of 3 markets in 4 different major cities each with their individual need. We had to design computers that will respond to their needs based on the market report that was provided. We did not have a report or review of our products to rely on to build new computers since we were a new company. Therefore, we analyzed the market research to see what our targeted market wanted and the price they were willing to pay. Then we build computers based on them. Mercedes, a very well-known car company, wants a computers that is fast and powerful, has engineering features and can connect with other computers. In response to their needs, we manufactured the GCS 100, a powerful, fast computer with engineering capacity that can link to other computers. We chose the GCS100 name because it is our acronym plus 100. We added the 100 in case we came with an updated version we can change the number and keep the GCS. After a quarter of deceptive result we decide to stop manufacturing the GCS100 and replaced it with Global Power computers which we later updated to global power 1. Workhorse has the largest market. They wanted an easy and fun to use computer with office application that can link with other computers. Therefore we manufactured the GCS with the...
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...Ethical Dilemma: Stressing out employees is your job 1. Do you think there is a trade-off between the positive (high performance) and negative (increased stress) effects of stretch goals? Setting goals is part of organizational life and a powerful way to keep employees aligned and clear about expectations. But how tough should the goals be? How high should you set the bar? Some leaders like to set goals at a low to moderate level, based on the concept that they want everyone to be successful. They believe that success increases employee motivation and satisfaction. A second approach is to set the goals fairly high, expecting that a good portion of the employees will achieve them, but everyone has to work pretty hard to be successful. The third approach is to make the goals so high that only the very best performers might attain them, but not too often. This is based on the premise that if you set the bar really high then everyone will work their hardest to go as far as they can. However, stretch goals can have a tradeoff between the positive and negative effects. On the positive side, it can increase high work performance since it enables employees to reach their fullest potential. Sometimes employees find stretch goals very motivating and make it a challenge to attain it, because managers generally attach incentives such as recognition and other forms of rewards for attaining these goals. Nevertheless, stretch goals also have negative effects and this is the stress that...
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...computing was first heard in the year 1960 from the IBM, the IBM used cluster computing as the second option for connecting their large mainframe in the servers. These cluster computing was used to provide cheap ways or alternative that was considered cost effective in the commercial parallelism. Cluster is the process where computers are tightly or loosely connected and are working together thus seen as one system. The component that are in the cluster are normally interconnected using a fast or local network that is of high speed. The nodes in the network mostly computer that is used as the server normally run their own instance of the operating system. The whole idea of computer cluster started from coming together of computing development that entailed the presence of cheap microprocessor, network that had high speed and the software’s that was considered having a high performance in the distributed mode of computing. The main use of cluster is to boost the performance and the availability compared to using a single computer. The process is cheap and faster if compared to using a single computer. Computer cluster can be used in many ways to start with small corporate clusters with a minority of nodes to roughly faster mainframes example the IBM. Cluster computing has some outstanding importance when implemented in an organization. To start with cluster computing is known to be cost effective that is low cost. This is seen where customer has a chance to exclude the cost and the hard...
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...solvents with different polarities throughout the experiment, this determined whether the different pens provided were polar or non-polar. As discussed above, the polarity of the solvents has been identified through their structure and electronegativity. Both mix 1 and mix 2 contains polar and non-polar solvents which was used to determine the inks that had polar and non-polar properties. Now by knowing the polarity levels of the solvents, the ink polarity can be determined by how well it interacts with the solvent. As shown in figures 6 – pen 2 had Rf values of zero explaining that the ink was not soluble in water and acetic acid. This indicates that the ink components from pen 2 is non-polar because it did not interact with water (containing high levels of polarity). Furthermore, in figure 12, pens 3 and 4 were found to travel significantly faster and produced a clearer separation of pigments on the chromatography paper. As acetone is mostly polar, this indicates that the ink components has polar properties. Furthermore, when tested in deionised water, the ink from the exam notes was easily dissolved by water, indicating that the components of unknown ink are polar because polar molecules interest best with polar molecules. Showing very similar properties, in acetic acid and water, which are both very polar solvents, pen 3 and the unknown pen displayed the same separated pigments on the chromatography paper, with percentage differences of… Blue percentage difference: (100-100)/100...
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...Total quality management in production: In pharmaceutical factory raw material arrives at the warehouse where it is stored in clean environment Basically there are two types of raw material is used in the production they are: 1) Inactive raw material 2) Active raw material Inactive and active Raw Material: Inactive raw material is used to increase the mass of the medicine .This material does not causes any effect on illness or disease. It increases the size of the tablet in order to make it digestible. On the other hand active raw material is used for illness and therapy. In pharmaceutical industry raw material is imported from foreign countries. At he time when raw material is stored in warehouse a sticker named quarantine is displayed on it in order to show that it has not undergone any treatment. Before production begins a sample is drawn from quarantine material which is passed from tests at quality assurance if it passes the test an analysis number is allotted on it. After this line clearance which is given by quality assurance that the material is available for production. Quality assurance chemists and pharmacists check the temperature and humidity in the production areas where machinery is situated along with all others, quality assurance gives line clearance to start the production and quality control department will check it at every stage. Two standards of productions are implemented during the whole production process i.e. USP (United States Pharmacopeia)...
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...Chromatography INTRODUCTION IN THIS LAB, WE WILL BE EXPRESSING THE GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP) IN BACTERIA AND PURIFYING IT USING COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY. THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF CHROMATOGRAPHY WE WILL BE USING IS HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY (HIC). THE FOLLOWING IS INFORMATION FROM BIO-RAD INC., THE SUPPLIER OF THE REAGENTS: GFP has several stretches of hydrophobic amino acids, which results in the total protein being very hydrophobic. When the supernatant, rich in GFP, is passed over a HIC column in a highly salty buffer (Binding Buffer), the hydrophobic regions of the GFP stick to the HIC beads. Other proteins which are less hydrophobic (or more hydrophilic) pass right through the column. This single procedure allows the purification of GFP from a complex mixture of bacterial proteins. Loading the GFP supernatant onto the chromatography column When students load the GFP supernatant onto their columns, it is very important that they do not disturb the upper surface of the column bed when performing the chromatography procedure. The column matrix should have a relatively flat upper surface. A slightly uneven column bed will not drastically affect the procedure. However, subsequent steps of loading, washing, and eluting should minimize disrupting the column such that beads "fluff up" into the buffer. When loading the GFP supernatant onto the column, the pipette tip should be inserted into the column and should rest against the side of the column...
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...Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes1–3 Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari, Edward Giovannucci, Walter C Willett, Thomas Dietrich, and Bess Dawson-Hughes Downloaded from ajcn.nutrition.org at UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO SCIENCE LIBRARY on September 23, 2012 ABSTRACT Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D intakes above current recommendations may be associated with better health outcomes. However, optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] have not been defined. This review summarizes evidence from studies that evaluated thresholds for serum 25(OH)D concentrations in relation to bone mineral density (BMD), lowerextremity function, dental health, and risk of falls, fractures, and colorectal cancer. For all endpoints, the most advantageous serum concentrations of 25(OH)D begin at 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL), and the best are between 90 and 100 nmol/L (36 – 40 ng/mL). In most persons, these concentrations could not be reached with the currently recommended intakes of 200 and 600 IU vitamin D/d for younger and older adults, respectively. A comparison of vitamin D intakes with achieved serum concentrations of 25(OH)D for the purpose of estimating optimal intakes led us to suggest that, for bone health in younger adults and all studied outcomes in older adults, an increase in the currently recommended intake of vitamin D is warranted. An intake for all adults of 1000 IU (40 g) vitamin D (cholecalciferol)/d is needed to bring vitamin...
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...corporation that designs and manufactures electronics, computer software, and commercial servers. Ethical values play an important role in the mission and vision statements, which in turn, keep employees whose values are similar, happy and productive. “And I think regardless of who is in what job those values are so embedded in this company that Apple will do extremely well." (Investor Relations, 2013). Origin and Subsequent Evolution of Values The personal and workplace values of our team are much the same including core values like integrity, teamwork, performance, and learning. Making ethical decisions, along with developing trust and respect in the workplace is important. Cultivating integrity through our core values means more honesty, trust, and respect is evident to all. Teamwork involves sharing an open communication with other employees. Performance is based on the determination to strive for flawless performance in the workplace. Our team view of learning consists of possessing the necessary skills and training needed to perform a given duty to the highest potential available. Our team individual values are based on doing the right thing and treating all people equally and with respect. In the workplace, individuals must act ethically and treat everyone with respect. Individual Values: Actions and Behaviors...
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... road sign, 14.8 x 21.9 m Scape Biennale, Christchurch, New Zealand Rethinking Ma Because companies can now interact directly with customers, they must radically reorganize to put cultivating relationships ahead of building brands. by Roland T. Rust, Christine Moorman, and Gaurav Bhalla 94 Harvard Business Review January–February 2010 HBR.ORG Roland T. Rust (rrust@ rhsmith.umd.edu) is a Distinguished University Professor and the David Bruce Smith Chair in Marketing at the University of Maryland’s Robert H. Smith School of Business. Christine Moorman (moorman@duke.edu) is the T. Austin Finch, Sr., Professor of Business Administration at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business in Durham, North Carolina. Gaurav Bhalla (gaurav. bhalla@knowledgekinetics. com) is the president of Knowledge Kinetics, based in Reston, Virginia. rketing SPOTLIGHT ON REINVENTION I Building Relationships Product-Manager Driven Many companies still depend on product managers and one-way mass marketing to push a product to many customers. magine a brand manager sitting in his office developing a marketing strategy for his company’s new sports drink. He identifies which broad market segments to target, sets prices and promotions, and plans mass media communications. The brand’s performance will be measured by aggregate sales and profitability, and his pay and future prospects will hinge on those numbers. What’s wrong with this picture? This firm—like too many—is still managed...
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...Employees are concerned that their salary will be cut to offset the cost. Classic Airlines can benefit from effective marketing in a today’s economy. Marketing Concept “Marketing concept is a management philosophy according to which a firm’s goals can be best achieved through identification and satisfaction of the customers’ stated and unstated needs and wants” (Business Dictionary, n.d). Some of the concepts Classic Airlines utilizes are: production, product, selling and holistic marketing. Production concepts states the consumers prefer products widely available and inexpensive. Managers of production-oriented businesses concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, low costs and mass distribution (Kotler & Keller, 2006). Product concept is where consumers favor the products that offer the most quality, performance or innovative features. Managers often focus on making superior products and improve them over time. Classic Airlines has demonstrated this with its tiered programs. Selling concept is when the business must undertake an aggressive selling and...
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...companies stay close to their customers and their needs. There are two kinds of technologies – sustaining and disruptive technologies. Sustaining technology gives the customer the same that they already have and value, but with better attributes. Disruptive technology offers just another set of attributes, and may be even worse that mainstream technology, by the set of parameters, that customer values today. Established firms often choose to develop sustaining technologies, because it gives them guaranteed profits. Disruptive technologies usually are developed by entrant companies aimed firstly on emerging markets. But a moment comes when disruptive technology becomes established in new emerging markets, sustaining innovations raised its performance to level, on which it can satisfy customers on the established markets. And company decides to invade these established markets, where leading companies stays fully unprepared for this: customers needs have changed and the disruptive technology better satisfies them now, while it is too late for leading companies to develop this technology themselves. The good example of how dangerous it can be to stay close to customer is hard-disk-drive industry. There we see the repeating of the same pattern: leading company developed only the technologies, that customer needed, even if it made the great effort to do it, rose to its prominence and after few years was toppled by the some newcoming company, that had pursued...
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...Competitive advantage seeks to address some of the criticisms of comparative advantage. Michael Porter proposed the theory in 1985. Competitive advantage theory suggests that states and businesses should pursue policies that create high-quality goods to sell at high prices in the market. Porter emphasizes productivity growth as the focus of national strategies. Competitive advantage rests on the notion that cheap labor is ubiquitous and natural resources are not necessary for a good economy. The other theory, comparative advantage, can lead countries to specialize in exporting primary goods and raw materials that trap countries in low-wage economies due to terms of trade. Competitive advantage attempts to correct for this issue by stressing maximizing scale economies in goods and services that garner premium prices (Stutz and Warf 2009).[1] Competitive advantage occurs when an organization acquires or develops an attribute or combination of attributes that allows it to outperform its competitors. These attributes can include access to natural resources, such as high grade ores or inexpensive power, or access to highly trained and skilled personnel human resources. New technologies such as robotics and information technology either to be included as a part of the product, or to assist making it. ' Information technology has become such a prominent part of the modern business world that it can also contribute to competitive advantage by outperforming competitors with regard to...
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...www.hbr.org SPOTLIGHT ON REINVENTION Because companies can now interact directly with customers, they must radically reorganize to put cultivating relationships ahead of building brands. Rethinking Marketing by Roland T. Rust, Christine Moorman, and Gaurav Bhalla • Included with this full-text Harvard Business Review article: 1 Article Summary Idea in Brief—the core idea 2 Rethinking Marketing Compliments of: Reprint R1001F SPOTLIGHT ON REINVENTION Rethinking Marketing Idea in Brief Companies have powerful technologies for understanding and interacting with customers, yet most still depend on mass media marketing to drive impersonal transactions. To compete, companies must shift from pushing individual products to building long-term customer relationships. The marketing department must be reinvented as a “customer department” that replaces the CMO with a chief customer officer, makes product and brand managers subservient to customer managers, and oversees customer-focused functions including R&D, customer service, market research, and CRM. These changes shift the firm’s focus from product profitability to customer profitability, as measured by metrics such as customer lifetime value and customer equity. This organizational transformation will uproot entrenched interests and so must be driven from the top. COPYRIGHT © 2009 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. page 1 This article is made available to you with compliments...
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...diverse leadership and an array of diverse caregivers; they do not have any majority groups at Kaiser that makes up half of their staff. The letter goes on to state that because of their many diverse staffs, that is the reason their organization can perform at very high levels. The diversity of the workers assists in their ability to meet the needs of its member and patients because it provides a level of sensitivity and connectivity to serve respectfully. (Halvorson, 2012) Kaiser’s diversity plan communicates that their investment as it relates to diversity comes from the people they employ. Patients are taken care of by people who are just like them and can communicate to them on a much more personal level. Bernard J. Tyson, Chairman and CEO says “the rich diversity of our organization reflects the diversity of the people we serve each and every day and is a tremendous asset that helps us consistently deliver high-quality affordable health care to our members, customer, and communities”....
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...The founders of Wal-Mart, Sam Walton and James Bud Walton, built its first Wal-Mart Discount store in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962. In the early 1990s, it increased its market share by introducing certain ethnic groups items followed by its bilingual ads and promoted its awareness of environmental issues. Soon enough, Sam’s club partners with Wal-Mart. Since Wal-Mart contributes a great deal of high technology and commits to upholding customers’ satisfaction for its business’ growth, it broadens its business not only domestically, but also internationally. For example, Wal-Mart is able to significantly cut the cost of shipping and prioritize delivery time. Wal-Mart’s computer systems are installed to track any store’s inventories, which gives a quicker checkout time. During recession in 2007, most customers were fond of its idea of low price on all items compared to local stores. As it is shown on profile 4, Wal-Mart has increased 11.6% over net sales compared to last year. Currently, Wal-Mart reports its net sales of $256.3 billion. Thus, Wal-Mart becomes the second largest company in the United States. Enterprise Risk Management at Wal-Mart Atkinson believed that every business must consider applying Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), in order to assess and moderate the many possibilities that the company faces in the future. To illustrate his opinion, he mentioned about the process of ERM for Wal-Mart in the early 1990s. He simplified five strategies based on four basic questions;...
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