...Cultural Considerations There are six principles in cross-cultural communication. The first principle states that the culture and language differences between people are large; there is a larger likelihood of communication breakdown. The second principle states that when communication breakdowns occur, it is often attributed to cultural differences. These breakdowns are often the result of a misunderstanding. The third principle states that communicating across cultures helps people to be more aware of their own communication. This means that people will choose their words more carefully, and ask questions that clarify the situation. “The fourth principle states that cultures vary with respect to the number and kind of “do’s and taboos” that are required of its members” (Cheesebro, O'Connor, & Rios, 2010). Some cultures may have very formal rules. These rules are typically not violated by the members of the culture, and anyone who wants to have a strong relationship with members of that group. The fith principle suggests that learning about the norms and variations in communication styles of a particular culture group will assist in understanding the group. The sixth principle emphasizes seeing others as friendly, and trustworthy will make barriers easier to overcome (Cheesebro, O'Connor, and Rios (2010). Cultural considerations must be made when it comes to health care. One must understand their cultural views and those of the patient. Without knowing the different cultural...
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...Cultural Considerations Mary Parker AJS 502 August 26, 2013 Susan Gorman Cultural Considerations Cultural diversity is normal in society today. People come from different races, cultures, and backgrounds. People have to learn the importance of respecting the culture of others. Everyone can learn from others. Superiority does not exist because of an individual’s culture. Some people from different cultural backgrounds believe that he or she is better than others but this is an untruth. Cultural concerns can have a negative influence on justice and security administration. Stereotyping because of an individual’s culture is a problem in society. Good people exist in every race and so do not so good people. One person of a specific culture making a mistake does not mean that the entire culture of people will make the same mistake. People of different cultures do not always receive fair treat in the justice system. An example of this would be an African American male who is serving 20 years in prison because he was falsely indentified during a lineup. People have to be willing to acknowledge that he or she is not sure that the individuals in the lineup are the guilty party. Some people like to say that African Americans look alike. This is not true. Some people may have similar features but this does not mean that he or she looks alike. African Americans are often not hired for certain positions for fear that he or she will not be honest. This type of behavior and...
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...Cultural Considerations AJS/504 July 27, 2015 University of Phoenix Cultural Considerations This paper is going to discuss different culture concerns, and what the influences are in today’s society within the criminal justice system. Also, this paper will talk about how to attend to different culture concerns, security administration, and how influences affect the criminal justice system. Some of the other points that are going to be touched up on are contemporary methods that are used in societies of assorted cultures, how these different influences and considerations related to and affect nondiscrimination practices within the criminal justice system. Last but not least, this paper is going to go over Sir Roberts Peel’s nine principles, and how they coincide within today’s police forces. The military employment across the countries in the Middle East and Europe has brought police forces into question. The local police forces have their own way of training that is similar to the military training. The military is helping individuals that are being abused by the hands of the police. In most of these cases where military law is present and security is more existing the police appear to be more on the military side than working for the countries government or community. This abuse does not happen within the United States, but the problem within the United States that is going on with the police and the security with the employment. With all of these different problems...
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...Cultural Considerations In Today’s Society Nikia Hughes AJS/502 The world of law enforcement has come a long way sense law enforcement began a very long time ago. The face of law enforcement has changed over the centuries and has become more culturally diverse. The world is moving at a rapid pace and the justice system must change with the times. As more technologies come into play and more sophisticated jail systems come about it is necessary to understand and have a wide variety of people to take on these changes. According to cnn.com, “990,553 people were granted lawful permanent residence in the United States in 2013. Approximately 40% of these "green card" recipients, or LPRs, were born in Asia, while about 32% were born in North America. In 2012 The Department of Homeland Security estimates that there are 11.4 million unauthorized immigrants living in the United States, down from 11.5 million in 2011.With the top being Mexico.” (cnn.com/immigrants) These statistics alone speak for themselves in terms of being concerned for the justice system. Law enforcement is trying to keep up with a rapid change that no one was prepared for. The biggest problem for the justice system is more so the illegal immigrants that are in the country unregistered, therefore not accounted for. This causes hikes in crime rates, heavier prison populations, and a big concern for home land security. The bigger question...
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...Cultural Considerations Case Study #2 A U.S. firm sent its senior-level manager, Laura Green to negotiate a contract for a chain of fast food restaurants in Saudi Arabia. What cultural attitudes and behaviors related to gender should she expect to encounter? In Saudi Arabia the Islamic belief is that woman are inferior, and that they are to be submissive. This has greatly slowed the progress of working women. Those beliefs are something that Laura Green needs to be aware of when trying to negotiate a contract. Laura should make sure she overcomes personal biases before negotiating this contract. Making sure she doesn’t jeopardize the business deals by not accepting their beliefs about woman. She should recognize that even though women have taken great strides to be seen as equals in the U.S. that is just not the case for the Islamic culture. Laura should do her best to understand cultural differences. She needs to be understanding of the fact that English is most likely not their first language, and perhaps try to take a translator if she is not fluent, so she doesn’t risk miscommunication. If there were a similar case to this in a health care setting I think that the same guidelines should be followed. Consider a female nurse or doctor trying to provide care to an Islamic man. She would still need to be understanding of their cultural differences. She would still need to be understanding that English is most likely not his first language, and if she is not fluent...
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...Cultural Considerations Cultural Considerations The Native American culture and their perception of health and healthcare are quite different from other cultures, especially those who are from a Caucasian culture. When it comes to the world of healthcare and different cultures, there is always room for errors and miscommunications. Therefore, knowing the six principles of cross-cultural communication will help health care providers move forward toward effective communication regardless of the many differences encountered while interacting with people from different cultures and linguistic backgrounds (Cheesebro, O'Connor, & Rios, 2010). Realizing how different cultures affects how people communicate, understand, and respond to health information will help health care professionals in assisting people from different cultural backgrounds. According to Indian Health Service, Health Communications (n.d.), "Cultural and linguistic competency of health professionals contribute to health literacy" (para. 1). Therefore, recognizing the cultural beliefs, values, attitudes, traditions, language preferences, and health practices of American Indians and applying that knowledge to communicate in a manner that will produce positive health outcomes can only help health care professionals move toward effective communication despite the cross-cultural differences (Indian Health Service, Health Communications, n.d.). Thus, keeping the six principles of cross-cultural...
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...Cultural Considerations in Business Phase 4 Individual Project Collins, Bruce A. Colorado Technical University Abstract Mike, Tiffany and I have just met. Mike is confident about the analysis we did of our strategy and says all we have to do is “put the pieces together before the final presentation.” ("Mgmt690-1404b-05 strategic management,") Tiffany says “We do have solid information, but we have to look at all the parts to see if we can remain competitive.” ("Mgmt690-1404b-05 strategic management,") First, “What are the considerations that you need to be aware of to remain competitive?” ("Mgmt690-1404b-05 strategic management,") Second, “based on the research that we have done, can we compete in the market that we have chosen? Why or why not?” ("Mgmt690-1404b-05 strategic management,") Thirdly, “what primary factors let us to this decision?” ("Mgmt690-1404b-05 strategic management,") Fourthly, “what would we say to someone who would dispute our position?” ("Mgmt690-1404b-05 strategic management,") And lastly, “how do we plan on evaluation the global marketplace in the future?” ("Mgmt690-1404b-05 strategic management,") ("Mgmt690-1404b-05: Strategic, the Problem ") Cultural Considerations in Business Phase 4 Individual Project Considerations To be able to remain competitive in any market a company needs to use analysis tools like SWOT. Brian Hill explains in his article that “SWOT analysis is a process where the management team identifies the internal...
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...* Issues which were determine by the Court, * Identifying such issues if any, which the Court did not determine, * Properly stating the Decision of the Court, * The reasons as identified by the Court for its Decision, * Your analysis of whether the issues were framed properly or not, * Your analysis as to the correctness of the reasoning of the Court and * Your Opinion on the impact of the decision on the Law in general. The Law as it stood before the Case Pre-existing Duty Rule: This case was decided on the basis of Principle of CONSIDERATION under the existing Law of Contracts and the law was same before the ruling of this case. When a seaman is bound by his contract of service to serve for a particular voyage, a promise to increase his wages, unless there is increased duty or hazard, does not bind the promisor.2 It is otherwise, however, if the promise is made in consideration of increased peril and labor under circumstances which would have justified the seaman in throwing up the contract. The Judgment was inspired by a preceding case Harris v. Watson. However the applicability of Stilk v Myrick was still debatable until it was overturned by Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. Facts Of The Case This is related...
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... In April 2015, JLL announce an official increase in prices to $120 per plank. At this point LI requested a meeting with JLL to discuss this price increase and its effect on LI activities at its construction sites in Paramin and Biche respectively. After that meeting, JLL submitted a revised contract with the new pricing arrangement. LI accepted deliveries of the lumber planks from JLL, which reflected the new pricing arrangement of $120 but paid the initial contract sum of $100 per plank and as such, LI was in arrears to JLL. LI is adamant that they have a binding arrangement with JLL for two years ending 25th May 2016 to purchase lumber planks at $100 and JLL subsequent contractual arrangement in April 2015 failed for want of consideration. The Lawyers for LI has indicated that JLL is already obligated to sell at $100 per plank before the new contractual arrangement in April 2015 to sell at $120. Lightwood Industries (LI) is owned by Mr Lightwood, who is a friend of the family. He is aware that you are currently pursuing Business Law at UWI Open Campus and sought you advice on the issue. Please advise Mr...
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...Name Date Class Lesson 8-1 Types of Consideration LESSON 8-1 OUTLINE I. Consideration A. Act, Forbearance, or Promise B. Trading C. Legal Value D. Adequacy of Consideration E. Nominal Consideration Lesson 8-1 Review Vocabulary Review Define the following vocabulary terms. 1. consideration That which is given or received in a contract. 2. gift The transfer of ownership without receiving anything in return. 3. donor The person giving a gift. 4. donee The person receiving a gift. 5. forbearance A promise to not do something. 6. promisor The person who promises an action or forbearance. 7. promisee The person to whom a promise is made. Concept Review 8. Define consideration. Consideration is what a person demands and generally must receive in order to make his or her promise legally binding. Lesson 8-1 Review (continued) 9. How can legal value be found in the exchange of benefit for a detriment? With legal value, the detriment is the giving up of a legal right. A detriment arises when a person promise forbearance. 10. Under what conditions is there no consideration? There is no consideration if one of the parties does not give an act, forbearance, or promise to the other, if one of the parties does not trade her or his contribution to the transaction, or if what is traded has no legal value. 11. What is adequacy of consideration? The values that different people place on similar...
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...Essentially, consideration is one of the sixth elements of contract which will be discussed in this essay. According to Lord Pollock, in Dunlop v Selfridge Ltd, consideration is ‘an act or forbearance of one party or the promise thereof, is the price for which the promise of the other is bought, and the promise thus given for value is enforceable,’ Some elements of consideration which also will be discussed are it must be sufficient in the eyes of law, it need not be adequate, it must not so vague, it can be present or future, but cannot be past. In this essay, I am going to discuss about consideration needs only be sufficient, not adequate and to consider whether there is a sufficient consideration in situations where there is pre-existing legal or contractual duty, and in situations as in Williams and Roffrey Bros or practical benefit. Consideration need only be sufficient, not adequate. It means the court has no interest in determining whether the consideration for a promise is equal to the value of that promise. As long as there is some consideration provided for the promise, the court will enforce that promise. Furthermore, it can be divided into 4 parts. The first part is consideration must have value in the eyes of the law. It means the price does not necessarily to be right as long as there is a value, and the court will not process any further. The case that illustrates this concept is Chappel & Co. v Nestle Co. Ltd. Nestle offered the opportunity to purchase recorded...
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...reward of RM3,000. The issue is whether John is entitled to the reward of RM3,000 that have been offered by Jenny. Under section 26 of the Contract Act 1950 (“CA”) provides that as general rule, an agreement without consideration is void. Section 2 (d) of CA provides the definition of consideration as ‘When, at the desire of promisor, the promise or any other person has done or abstains from doing something, or does or abstain from doing, or promises to do or abstain from doing something, such act or abstinence or promise is called a consideration for the promise.’ Section 26 (b) provide that an agreement without consideration is void unless it is a promise to compensate a person who has already voluntarily done something for promisor. Illustration 9 (c) to Section 26, CA 1950 shown: A finds B’s purse and gives it to him. B promises to give A RM50. This is contract. In the case of Lampleigh v Brahwait, the court held that an act originally done at the request of the promisor, a promise made subsequent to the doing of that act, was deemed binding since the act constituted consideration. Applying the principle above, it is clear that there is consideration for the promise made by Jenny. Past consideration may be a good consideration. As John returned Spots to Jenny within 10 days of the advertisement, according to the advertisement, it is valid for John to entitle to the reward of RM3,000. In conclusion, john is entitled with the reward of RM3,000 because...
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...the traditional rules of consideration have been relaxed in order to maintain effective business relationships? | Programmes undertaking the assignment | LLB (Hons) Law | Pupil | Juan López MartínezID: 004426895 | Hand-in date | Friday November 06th 2015 | INTRODUCTION First of all, the definition of Consideration is going to be stated. Consideration is an essential fact in the elaboration of a contract. It may consist of a promise to perform a desired action or a vow to abstain from doing any act that one has the legal right to do. A bilateral contract is an agreement by which both parties exchange mutual promises, every promise is considered to be sufficient consideration for the other. On the other hand, a unilateral contract is an agreement by which one party makes a promise in base of obtaining something in return from the other part. This ‘something in return’ is the consideration of the promise, and the promise is the consideration of the performance. Namely, this is the promise of a promise or promise made in return for a particular action. There’s going to be consideration if the price is being offered to the other party. An Orthodox way to define consideration is based on the idea of reciprocity, whereby, a promise should not be able to enforce a promise unless you have given or promised to give something in exchange for the promise or unless the promisor given or promised to give something in return. But this idea of consideration is subjected to strong objection...
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...Legal Enviroment of Business MBA-535 Saint Leo University Dementas v. Estate of Tallas Case Brief Tibetha Pascal 3 April 2016 1. Dementas v. Estate of Tallas., 764 P. 2d 628-Utah Court of Appeals (1988) 2. Procedural History This case was brought to trial court or Court of Appeals, where the trial court deemed lack of consideration for Dementas’ claim. The court basically said that the contract between the two parties, Jack Tallas (defendant) and Peter Dementas (plaintiff) did not prove to show/have proper consideration. The said contract between the two parties, was that Tallas promised Dementas $50,000 for past performance. However, past performances are normally not considered valid consideration in most courts. Therefore, the court rules this contract was unenforceable. As a result of the ruling, Dementas decided to appeal the court’s finding. 3. Facts In Salt Lake City, Utah, 1914, an immigrant named Jack Tallas migrated from Greece to start a life as a businessman. Tallas bought properties, many of which he rented out. During his time in Salt Lake City, Tallas befriended Peter Dementas, who over the past 14 years leading up to Tallas’ death provided services which consisted of helping Tallas to manage properties, providing transportation when needed to include going back and forth to the grocery store, doctor’s appointments and the post office. In December of 1982, the 18th day, Tallas verbally told Dementas in Greek, that upon his death, Dementas...
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... Be sure to consider issues such as gender and age. Design an intervention program to address the children’s exposure to violence. Remember to consider individual, family, and community needs. Describe the elements you would incorporate into a prevention program designed to foster resilience in the children from Nigeria, as well as break the cycle of violence that we learned can occur for children exposed to violence. You may research existing programs that utilize best practices as we have learned in this course, or design your own program. Reflect on the debate between “cultural universality” and “cultural specificity”. How would you reconcile this debate within the context of the ethics code for psychologists? Discuss why it is important to take into consideration cultural traditions when designing an intervention program. Describe at least two specific Nigerian cultural traditions and how you would use...
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