...Case Study Analysis_WK5 PSY322/Consumer Psychology and Research June 16, 2013 Case Study Analysis The subject case studies are designed in order to conceptualize the cross-cultural consumer behaviors, their effects on business and company activities while analyzing the case study. The main realm of subject study is the consumer behaviors in global perspectives. The studies are also aimed to create the sense in the students about how to analyze the case study. So to achieve the said objectives the extensive literature review is conducted including the evaluation of consumer behaviors and their decisions regarding purchases while including the lessons learned by the Apple regarding the differences in consumer behavior and purchasing decisions between the Japanese market and the market outside of Japan. The consumer behaviors during the field survey administered under subject study are found dissimilar across the cultures. These dissimilarities in behaviors of the customers across the cultures affect the company’s marketing mix strategies. These effects are discussed in sections created below. Likewise the lessons learned from the Walt Disney Company about consumer behavior and purchasing decisions at Hong Kong Disneyland has also been added as a part of study while explaining various issues that may influence the behaviors of the consumers. Lastly the survey administered identifies the reasons behind the Japanese consumers’ behaviors of hating the iPhone...
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...Cross Cultural Management of Japan & United States One concern of the merger between these two companies involves group interaction and sense of space. People in the United States take great pride in themselves on individualism and informality. The Japanese culture values groups and formality. People in the United States admire a person who excels above everyone else. If this merger takes place and it makes the price of stock to rise, the American company might want to buy more stock and the Japanese might not agree with this and be more cautious which could result in a cross-culture conflict. Cultural differences and cross culture conflicts is the biggest challenge in terms of cross-cultural management that will arise in the merger of these two companies (Chen, 2013). Due to differences in culture in terms of beliefs, priorities and lifestyles, management of cross culture operations will be difficult for both companies. It is because cultural differences affect the human thinking, feeling, acting and behavior that can result in cross culture conflicts within the organization (Adekola and Sergi, 2012). For example, in terms of language, religion, value, and attitudes, there are several cultural differences in both countries: U.S. and Japan, which can affect decisions and choices of employees or people from these countries and can cause to cross culture conflicts (Yoder, 2011). The women who are employed at Tokyo Electron worry that their jobs might be eliminated...
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...Intercultural Interview Introduction Through analysis and comparisons of our cultures, I hope to be able to determine what cause cultural conflicts and specifically, those Ernesto and his family encountered on arriving to the United States. I will use data from Hofstede and references from Adler’s text to take a retrospective look into our belief and value systems. By doing so, we will gain a better understand of how cultural heritage plays an important role in how we develop stereotypes and misconceptions. Interviewing Ernesto should give he and I a better understanding on how we view each others culture. Since I do not have work colleagues, I chose to interview a friend of mine whose name is Ernesto. Ernesto has a security clearance with the federal government and for that reason; he asked me not to use his last name. Understanding the sensitivities surrounding security clearances, I agreed. Comparing Family Backgrounds Ernesto was born in Panama in 1966. He is married with two kids and currently resides in Maryland. In 1976, at the age of ten, Ernesto and his family immigrated to the United States. He initially it found difficult adjusting to American life, primarily because of the language barrier. He was educated in Panama up until the six-grade, and ultimately finished his primary education in the United States. Not long after that he entered the military, where he ultimately retired and now works for the federal government. I am also married with six kids...
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...GUNG HO! CULTURAL ANALYSIS Michael Hamilton MKTG 3852 – Second Summer 2012 7/22/12 GUNG HO- CULTURAL ANALYSIS Cultural differences influence how business is conducted in today’s rapidly expanding global market. These cultural barriers affect human interactions through our perspective of one another, credibility, time frames, as well as through communication. The success of international business depends upon the ability to set aside our differences, unite and strengthen one another. Many of these challenges can be seen throughout the movie Gung Ho. The movie portrays the relationship between the Japanese and Americans in a lightly comically point of view through an auto factory. However, when comparing and contrasting the interactions of these two cultures, both in and out of the film, they’re dynamics of become more apparent. The connections and exchanges between the Japanese management team and the American workers throughout the film present examples for each of the five dimensions in Geert Hofstede’s cultural dynamics analysis: Individualism/Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, Power Distance, Masculinity/Femininity, and the later added Long-term Orientation. I. Hofstede’s Cultural Dynamics The results from Hofstede’s analysis for the United States and Japan are in the following table. When comparing the two we see that the Americans have a highly individualistic, male reinforced, ambiguous, society with a slight hierarchy with a weak connection to tradition...
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...Executive Summary Cross Cultural Analysis for Doing Business in Israel Casey Horner March 26, 2014 Introduction This report was commissioned to examine the necessary cross cultural analysis factor and processes due to extending business into Israel, and it suggests concerns and strategies to have successful business in Israel. The following are utilized and expressed in the examination: * Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture * CAGE Framework in context of distance * Strategy recommendations Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture These dimensions of culture include power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. Each dimension offers insight into how the country operates in business. Below is the comparison of each dimension between the United States and Israel: * Power Distance- United States: 40, Israel: 13 * Individualism- United States: 91, Israel: 54 * Masculinity- United States: 62, Israel: 47 * Uncertainty Avoidance- United States: 46, Israel: 81 * Long-Term Orientation- United States: 29, Israel: NA (Clearly Cultural, 2013) Power distance refers to the acceptance of inequality of power or status within an organization or institution. The followers, not the leaders, define this dimension. As seen above, there is more power equality, or less distance between have’s and have not’s, in Israel than in the United States. The power equality in Israel is related to the measurements in the individualism...
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...A Cross-National and Cross-Cultural Approach to Global Market Segmentation: An Application Using Consumers’ Perceived Service Quality James Agarwal, Naresh K. Malhotra, and Ruth N. Bolton ABSTRACT The spread of global culture is being facilitated by the proliferation of transnational corporations, the rise of global capitalism, widespread aspiration for material possessions, and the homogenization of global consumption. The extent of convergence of cultural values across nations has been debated by international marketing researchers. However, from a practical standpoint, transnational firms require a cross-national, cross-cultural approach to market segmentation that can be used to guide the development of global marketing strategies. In this study, the authors investigate the application of cross-national versus cross-cultural approaches to market segmentation through a rigorous empirical investigation in the context of banking services. Although services constitute the fastest growing sector of the world economy, few studies have examined global market segmentation strategies for them. The authors develop theory-based crossnational hypotheses and test them by estimating a structural model of consumers’ perceived service quality using survey data from two countries: the United States and India. They test cross-cultural hypotheses by estimating the same model on culture-based clusters. They demonstrate that there are distinctive differences between cross-national and crosscultural...
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...CULTURE 7 2.02 REGIONAL CULTURE 7 2.03 NATIONAL CULTURE 7 2.04 ETHNIC CULTURE 7 2.05 SOCIAL CLASS CULTURE 8 2.06 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 8 2.07 FAMILY CULTURE 8 2.08 GENDER CULTURE 8 2.09 AGE CULTURE 8 2.1 DETERMINANTS OF CULTURE 8 2.11 GEERT HOFSTEDE’S MODEL 9 2.12 INDIVIDUALISIM V COLLECTIVISM 9 2.13 POWER DISTANCE 9 2.14 LARGE POWER DISTANCE 9 2.15 SMALL POWER DISTANCE 9 2.16 MASCULINITY V FEMINITY 9 2.17 UNCERTAINITY AVOIDANCE 10 3.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE 10 3.01 Culture is dynamic 10 3.02 Culture is pervasive 10 3.03 Culture is learnt 10 3.04 Culture is integrated 10 3.05 Culture is ethnocentric 10 3.06 Culture provides social cohesion 11 4.0 VIEWS ON CULTURAL TRENDS 11 4.01 The Convergent View 11 4.02 The Divergent View 11 5.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION 12 5.01 ANALYSIS 12 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.01 WHAT IS CULTURE? Culture rules virtually every aspect of your life and like most people; you are completely unaware of this. Culture is vital because it enables its members to function with one another without the need to negotiate meaning at every moment. Culture is learned and forgotten, so despite its importance we are generally unconscious of its influence or the manner in which we perceive the world and interact within it. Culture is significant because as we work with others it enables us and impedes us in our ability to understand and work effectively together. Culture has been defined in a number of ways before by...
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...Capital, Consumption, Communication, and Citizenship: The Social Positioning of Taste and Civic Culture in the United States Lewis Friedland, Dhavan V. Shah, Nam-Jin Lee, Mark A. Rademacher, Lucy Atkinson and Thomas Hove The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2007 611: 31 DOI: 10.1177/0002716206298694 The online version of this article can be found at: http://ann.sagepub.com/content/611/1/31 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: American Academy of Political and Social Science Additional services and information for The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science can be found at: Email Alerts: http://ann.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://ann.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://ann.sagepub.com/content/611/1/31.refs.html >> Version of Record - Apr 30, 2007 What is This? Downloaded from ann.sagepub.com at NATIONAL UNIV SINGAPORE on October 14, 2011 Capital, Consumption, Communication, and Citizenship: The Social Positioning of Taste and Civic Culture in the United States By LEWIS FRIEDLAND, DHAVAN V. SHAH, NAM-JIN LEE, MARK A. RADEMACHER, LUCY ATKINSON, and THOMAS HOVE In this article, the authors analyze the field of cultural consumption in the United States. Using the 2000 DDB Lifestyle Study, they examine a cross-section of Americans in terms of their occupational...
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...Global Business Cultural Analysis of South Korea John Smith University of Rochester BUS 800 – INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Dr. Peterson March 6, 2015 Abstract Today, the United States conducts a substantial amount of business with South Korea. It is important that American managers, entrepreneurs, and businessmen understand the South Korean social, cultural, and religious dimensions of the nation. The South Korean culture and customs are uniquely different from those of the United States. The culture and customs of the United States are based on European traditions and religious Christian beliefs. The culture and customs of South Korea are based on Confucianism’s way of life, Buddhism’s individual salvation, and since the 1950’s Christianity’s redemption of the soul. American businesses that incorporate South Korean culture into American business practices will develop long lasting business relationships with their South Korean counterparts. American businessmen working in multinational corporations have adjusted well the collectivist culture of South Korea. Multinational enterprises considering cross border business in South Korea can feel safe investing in South Korea. Keywords: South Korea, United States, cultural dimensions, multinational business, Hofstede. Introduction South Korea is one of the United States most important strategic and economic partners in Asia. Members of Congress tend to be interested in South Korea for political purposes. South...
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...ANRV296-PS58-19 ARI 17 November 2006 1:33 Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2007.58:479-514. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by University Of Maryland on 12/11/06. For personal use only. Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior Michele J. Gelfand,1 Miriam Erez,2 and Zeynep Aycan3 1 Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; email: mgelfand@psyc.umd.edu 2 Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel 32000; email: merez@ie.technion.ac.il 3 Department of Psychology, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey 34450; email: zaycan@ku.edu.tr Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2007. 58:479–514 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on October 17, 2006 culture, management, organizations, work The Annual Review of Psychology is online at http://psych.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085559 Copyright c 2007 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 0066-4308/07/0203-0479$20.00 This article reviews research on cross-cultural organizational behavior (OB). After a brief review of the history of cross-cultural OB, we review research on work motivation, or the factors that energize, direct, and sustain effort across cultures. We next consider the relationship between the individual and the organization, and review research on culture and organizational commitment, psychological contracts, justice, citizenship behavior...
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...Stores, Inc. is the largest retailer in the world, the world’s second-largest company and the nation’s largest nongovernmental employer. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. operates retail stores in various retailing formats in all 50 states in the United States. The Company’s mass merchandising operations serve its customers primarily through the operation of three segments. The Wal-Mart Stores segment includes its discount stores, Supercenters, and Neighborhood Markets in the United States. The Sam’s club segment includes the warehouse membership clubs in the United States. The Company’s subsidiary, McLane Company, Inc. provides products and distribution services to retail industry and institutional foodservice customers. Wal-Mart serves customers and members more than 200 million times per week at more than 8,416 retail units under 53 different banners in 15 countries. With fiscal year 2010 sales of $405 billion, Wal-Mart employs more than 2.1 million associates worldwide. Nearly 75% of its stores are in the United States (“Wal-Mart International Operations”, 2004), but Wal-Mart is expanding internationally. The Group is engaged in the operations of retail stores located in all 50 states of the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom, Central America, Chile, Mexico,India and China Wal-Mart’s entry and operation in Germany Wal-Mart’s initial entry into German market was through the acquisitions of renowned 21 store Wertkauf chain for an estimated...
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...CAVUMC05_124-157hr 10/10/07 1:41 PM Page 124 c h a p t e r 5 The Cultural Environment of International Business Learning Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: 1. The challenge of crossing cultural boundaries 2. The meaning of culture: foundation concepts 3. Why culture matters in international business 4. National, professional, and corporate culture 5. Interpretations of culture 6. Key dimensions of culture 7. Language as a key dimension of culture 8. Culture and contemporary issues 9. Managerial guidelines for crosscultural success > American Football . . . in Europe? There are few things more representative of U.S. culture than American football. It is an extravaganza, complete with exciting halftime shows and peppy cheerleaders. The game exemplifies national pride. The national anthem is played, flags are unfurled, and uniformed players charge up and down the field like an army in the throes of often violent conflict. The teams’ huddles divide the game into small planning sessions for the next play. In the United States, the National Football League (NFL) oversees the sport and, like any successful business, wants to score in new markets. The NFL first tackled Europe in 1991, with plans to establish American football there. After years of failed attempts, NFL Europe emerged as six teams, five of which were based in Germany (such as the Berlin Thunder, the Cologne Centurions, and the Hamburg Sea Devils). Earlier teams established in Spain...
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...Global Business Cultural Analysis: Russia Liberty University School of Business BUSI 604-B05 Dr. Wallace Saunders July 4th, 2014 Honor Code I have neither given nor received any assistance on this assignment that has not been disclosed in the document submitted. I have not violated nor observed any violations of the Liberty University Honor Code as it applies to this assignment. Signed: Abstract Russia spans 11 times zones and with 147 million people the business opportunities are just as great as the abundance of raw materials and the landmass of the country. Russia is a unique business opportunity and the first thing that needs to be established before thinking of doing business in Russia is an understanding of its people and their diverse culture. Russia’s turbulent past and breakup of the U.S.S.R. along with the switch to a free market and privately held companies have combined making the people of Russia complicated and cultural diverse. Understanding how these cultural diversities allow for international business to be more successful inside of Russia will allow for the expansion of business and the creation of opportunity for those willing to understand Russian culture. Russia is in a unique position to allow for foreign investment to help grow and stabilize their economy and grow their relationships with foreign countries and investors. It is the investors and businesses responsibility to understand and accept the cultural differences that are encountered...
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...Different dimensions of culture Cultural differences between countries can be difficult to work through for businesses. The actions and believes of others in different cultures can be shocking and sometimes viewed as unethical by other cultures. Imagine the problems these differences can create when in negotiations with a different culture. Working through those differences has become a necessity for business today in the fast growing global market. To successfully do business in the international market it has become critical to understand other cultures that you may be doing business with. To fully understand different cultures we need to explore the dimensions of different cultures. To effectively begin to understand different cultures you will need to identify whether the culture is a high-context culture or a low context-culture. In high-context culture, people rely heavily on nonverbal and subtle situational messages when communicating with others (Kreitner, 2009 pg 97). This type of culture is highly important when doing business in Japan and Hong Kong. People from low-context cultures convey messages and meaning primarily with words (Kreitner, 2009 pg 97). This type of culture is highly important when doing business in Germany and Great Britain. To gain even further in-depth understanding of other cultures we will look at nine different dimensions. The first dimension to focus on is the power distance. This dimension analysis the extent to which the less powerful...
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...Analysis of Differences in Marketing Environment between Singapore and the U.S.A. March 05, 2013 Analysis of Differences in Marketing Environments between Singapore and the U.S.A. Abstract My motivation for analyzing the differences in marketing environments between Singapore and the United States was to be able to gain more knowledge of the marketing environment that lies between these two countries. The method that I used to approach this report was reading one book on international marketing and several websites that contained several topics and information regarding these countries. After analyzing the methods that I used, I learned several important facts about Singapore and the United States. Also, I learned that both countries face different problems in diverse cultures. One of the greatest implications is that you cannot market to Singapore the same way you would in the United States because both countries desire different things. Introduction This paper analyses the differences in marketing environments between Singapore and the United States, and is structured into five tables. Table 1 presents general differences between Singapore and the USA; it also gives information on both countries. For example, it shows the differences in land size, population, and GDP. Table 2 discusses trade relationship between Singapore and the USA. It explains the U.S. exports and imports from and to Singapore over the past five years. It also explains the key products and services...
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