...Cross-Cultural Perspectives 1 Week 5 Cross-Cultural Perspectives ETH/316: Ethics and Social Responsibility University of Phoenix Cross-Cultural Perspectives Cross-Cultural Perspectives 2 McDonald’s is the largest fast food chain restaurant in the world. Ray Kroc founded the franchise in 1955 in California. McDonald’s server millions of customers daily. The company pride itself on their tasty hamburgers and delicious french-fries. McDonald’s is also known for its quick service and its drive through. The company went from one restaurant location, to locations in different states, to a global corporation. McDonald’s continue to thrive on providing meals at a low cost to customers. McDonald’s have more than 30,000 restaurant locations in more than 100 countries around the world. McDonald’s makes billions of dollars each year but they still issues in the global sector (McDonald’s, 2011). McDonald’s established their first restaurant in Japan in 1971 (McDonald’s, 2011). This establishment brought about some issues because of the cultural differences. Some of the issues are food preparation, food organization, and food delivery. Even though McDonald’s way of doing business contradicted with the Japanese ethics, and traditions, through compromise, and social responsibility they have managed to minimized there differences. Besides McDonald’s other businesses have expanded globally such as auto companies like Ford Motor Company. However, their approach was different in comparison...
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...Cultural Issues in Global Organization Name: Institution: Global organizations are companies whose operations are not limited by the national boundaries, but expand their operations worldwide. Globalization and advanced technology place an essential role in ensuring the success of these organizations because they help in communicating and giving an understanding of different cultures maintained by different communities, which the organization trades with. Strategic leaders have the responsibility of creating and maintaining the organizational characteristics to reward and encourage communal effort. Organizational cultures help it to cope with the environment. Organizational culture is the basic pattern of shared assumptions, values and beliefs that the company considers as the correct way to of thinking and acting on problems and opportunities that the company faces defining the issues considered of importance. There are numerous cultural issues that affect the smooth operations of global organizations following the differences in the peoples’ cultural practices and beliefs. Some cultural issues that affect global organization include personal beliefs, legal requirements, religious belief, and superstitions. Personal, ethical and cultural beliefs come as a result of the environment an individual is living. Living includes dressing, foods among others. Some of the cultural and ethical practices are recognized...
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...ETH – 316 Shaiq Rahi Cross-Cultural Perspectives July 16, 2014 University of Phoenix Cross-Cultural Perspectives McDonald’s is the largest fast food chain restaurant in the world. Ray Kroc founded the franchise in 1955 in California. The company pride itself on their tasty hamburgers and delicious french-fries. McDonald’s is also known for its quick service and its drive through. The company went from one restaurant location, to locations in different states, to a global corporation. McDonald’s continue to thrive on providing meals at a low-cost to customers. McDonald’s have more than 30,000 restaurant locations in more than 100 countries around the world. McDonald’s makes billions of dollars each year but they still issues in the global sector (McDonald’s, 2011). McDonald’s established their first restaurant in Japan in 1971 (McDonald’s, 2011). This establishment brought about some issues because of the cultural differences. Some of the issues are food preparation, food organization, and food delivery. Even though McDonald’s way of doing business contradicted with the Japanese ethics, and traditions, through compromise, and social responsibility they have managed to minimize their differences. Besides McDonald’s other businesses have expanded globally such as, auto companies like Ford Motor Company. However, their approach was different in comparison to McDonald’s. McDonald’s Cultural Issues in Japan: Food organization The Japanese are...
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...CHAPTER 4 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS SUMMARY Culture, a society’s “programming of the mind,” has both a pervasive and changing influence on each national market environment. Global marketers must recognize the influence of culture and be prepared to either respond to it or change it. Human behavior is a function of a person’s own unique personality and that person’s interaction with the collective forces of the particular society and culture in which he or she has lived. In particular, attitudes, values, and beliefs can vary significantly from country to country. Also, differences pertaining to religion, aesthetics, dietary customs, and language and communication can affect local reaction to brands or products as well as the ability of company personnel to function effectively in different cultures. A number of concepts and theoretical frameworks provide insights into these and other cultural issues. Cultures can be classified as high- or low-context; communication and negotiation styles can differ from country to country. Hofstede’s social value typology sheds light on national cultures in terms of power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long- versus short-term orientation. By understanding the self-reference criterion, global marketers can overcome the unconscious tendency for perceptual blockage and distortion. Rogers’ classic study on the diffusion of innovations helps explain how products...
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...Globalization Paper - Fast Food in China Anastasia Allen, Terry Clevenger, Robert Combs, Kirk Dickerson, Cassie Sherlin April 28, 2013 China is a country that prides themselves on history and tradition. China has possibly been the greatest country to contribute to modern day society. But not even the ever so powerful China can resist a bucket of Kentucky Fried Chicken or a juicy hamburger from Burger King. The majority of fast food began in the United States, but now has spread across the globe. Besides the United States, China is one of the biggest contributors to fast food business. The fast food market from China contributes an estimated $29 billion alone (Economist). This is big money business for any genre of an organization. With the proper techniques, skills, and drive, any sort of organization can succeed anywhere in the world. How does an American business work and succeed across the world? Does the business incorporate China’s culture into manufacturing and marketing? What strategies do businesses take in advancing the opportunity in China? These questions along with others will be answered to find out how and what is done to allow fast food businesses to be successful in the fast-pace, culture rich, and tradition loving China. Cultural considerations in terms of product manufacture and marketing in relation to fast foods in China. A successful product launch demands a better understanding of the market in terms of both culture and consumption...
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...partial fulfillment of the requirements for International Marketing Doctorate of Business Administration SMC University Dr. Babu P. George July 26, 2014 Abstract The paper seeks to examine the arguments surrounding the issue of standardization versus localization as it highlights specific advantages and disadvantages of both as obtained from a review of the prevailing literature. It links cultural patterns with consumerism and seeks to outline an effective approach to market research for entry into international markets. There are strong arguments for implementing standardization and localization but the literature seems to suggest that either strategy in its purest form represent polar extremes and most strategies consists of some elements of both whereby a middle ground is found. Appropriately designed market research unearth local appeals and cultural patterns which play a crucial role in informing the international marketer of the best suited marketing strategy. Keywords Multinational Corporation, Global Corporation, Standardization, Localization, Cultural pattern Introduction For several years there has been an interesting ongoing debate on the subject of what is the most suitable marketing strategy to be implemented; that of standardization across national markets as opposed to a strategy which espouses an adaptation to individual national markets. Levitt (1983) is frequently identified as a strong proponent of the market standardization of products...
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...of communication. [Adrian, 2011] Critics of globalization contend that, even if increased trade promotes material prosperity, it comes with a high spiritual and cultural cost, running roughshod over the world’s distinctive cultures and threatening to turn the globe into one big, tawdry strip mall. George Mason University economist and Cato adjunct scholar Tyler Cowen has for years been one of the most insightful and incisive debunkers of that view. What globalization tends to increase difference, we’re used to a certain pattern or model of difference. Different peoples are different, and they live in different places. So there’s what Tibet looks like, there’s what Mexico looks like and there is what Ghana looks like. But that’s only one kind of difference. Another kind of difference shows up in the paths we choose to take through our lives, and I believe that individuals will always wish to choose different paths for their lives. If the world globalizes enough, Mexico, Tibet, the United States, and Ghana won’t necessarily be so geographically distinct. Crossing a border may be less of a shock than it is today. Another difference that is liberated from geography, are the differences among individuals. According to Benjamin Barber one of the problems of globalization is cultural borrowing and cultural mimicry that depend, not on isolated cultures, but on authentic cultures. And...
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...LO3: The scope of the international marketing task • LO4: The importance of the self-reference criterion (SRC) in international marketing • LO5: The increasing importance of global awareness • LO6: The progression of becoming a global marketer 2 Thursday, 27 February 14 LO1 Global Perspective: Global Commerce Causes Peace • Global commerce during peace time – Commercial aircraft and space vehicle industries – Mobile phone industry – Individuals and small companies • International markets are ultimately unpredictable – Flexibility means survival 3 Thursday, 27 February 14 LO1 Global Perspective: Global Commerce Causes Peace Basil pesto from Israel + raw materials and glass jars from Arab partner = Moshe & Ali’s Gourmet Foods http://www.peaceworks.com/press/libraryArticleMakingPeaceByMakingPastaSauces.html COOPERATION NEVER TASTED SO GOOD!™ 4 Thursday, 27 February 14 LO1 Events and Trends Affecting Global Business • The rapid growth of the World Trade Organisation and regional free trade areas • The trend toward the acceptance of the free market system among developing countries in Latin America, Asia, and Eastern Europe • The burgeoning impact of the Internet, mobile phones, and other global media on the dissolution of national borders • The mandate to properly manage the resources and global environment for the generations to come 5 Thursday, 27 February 14 LO2 The Internationalization of U.S. Business • Increasing globalisation of markets • Increasing number...
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...Cross-Cultural Perspectives Michella Amonson ETH/316 January 16, 2014 Mr. Harralson Cross-Cultural Perspectives This paper is an overview and analysis of the ethical perspective and cultural issues that a global organization faces when interacting outside the United States. I will address and identify the cultural and ethical perspective of the global organization named Walmart. I will also analyze ethical and social responsibility issues that WalMart deals with as a result of being a global organization. I will further compare these ethical perspectives with other cultures that do business with Walmart. Walmart’s Ethical Perspective Walmart belief is built on a foundation of integrity , values of honesty, fairness and objectivity. Sam Walton founded Walmart with the strong conviction that a retailer could help people save money and live better. Since, Sam’s passing away, Mike Duke, Chief Executive Officer, President and CEO of Walmart states “culture is how we work together to fulfill that purpose. It's incorporated into every aspect of our business”. He further states “Our beliefs are the foundation of our culture: service to our customers, respect for the individual, and striving for excellence which rest on the foundation of personal integrity and responsibility(p.1).” Strong adherence to these principles has created a unique work culture at Walmart. No matter where you go — to any of our stores and offices in any of our brands around the world —...
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...Internet 3. E shopping and e commerce 4. Advertisements in visual media 5. Movies and serials aand other visuals in channels and media B. COMMUNICATION MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT 1. Mobile 2. Internet and social media 3. Face book, twitter and social net works 4. Computer games 5. Importance of country games 6. Type of music enjoy 7. Type of dance enjoy 8. Type of games you like to play C. LIFE SYLE- CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR 1. Shopping 2. Dress fashion items 3. Kind of shops used to go to purchase 4. Monthly expense 5. Importance of branded items D. LIFE SYLE FOOD 1. Food menu 2. Food products select to buy? 3. Significance of tropical fruits and food items 4. Influence of advertisement and visual medi 5. Children and food menu 6. Ice cream and other desert items 7. Use of maida and masala E. LIFE SYLE comfort & Food 1. Vehicle purchased 2. Frequency of using vehicle 3. Time and distance used to walk 4. Use of public transport 5. Furniture used in house 6. Air conditioner, fridge and entertainment items 7. Kitchen articles 8. House construction model 9. House size 10. Water facility F. RELATIONSHIP FAMILY 1. Relationship with parents and siblings I think that my parents do not allow me to use my freedom I am totally against the conventional family system existing at my home I don’t think that it is my obligation that I should take care my parents 2. Frequency of family members...
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...domestic market undoubtedly feels comfortable in adjusting the business decisions in line with the environmental changes at domestic level. However, the process in an international marketing effort often involves substantial doses of cultural, political and economic shock. To adjust and adapt a marketing program to international market, marketers should be able to interpret the effect and the influence of the uncontrollable environmental factors on their marketing plan for each and every foreign market in which they intend to do businesses. The uncontrollable factors/ elements constitute the culture and the task of cultural adjustment is the most challenging and vital one confronting international marketers. International marketers are responsible for adjusting their marketing efforts to cultures to which they are not attuned. In dealing with unknown markets, marketers must be aware of the framework they use in evaluating the potential of a market. In any system of different people, their political and economic structures, religions and other elements of culture, marketers must guard against measuring and assessing the assumptions of their own culture. The successful factor in tapping into global market is that the adaptation to the environment differences from one market to another. Adaptation is the conscious effort on the part of the international marketer to anticipate the influences of both the foreign and domestic uncontrollable...
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...Johnson Global Human Resources Management Professor: Dr. David Smith June 11, 2015 Let me begin with introducing my company “Freshness Food Market” I been in business for 20 years. My grandfather started this business with the intention of giving affordable and quality produce and food to our consumers at an affordable price. From a small, struggling cooperative with ten members now over 100 stores in three different states. Freshness Food Market employs more than 5,000 people throughout Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland. Even though we have grown from the small “Mom and Pop” stores of the 1950s, most of our stores are still family owned and operated businesses. When we buy in volume this enables our stores to offer their customers the lowest possible overall prices, and the highest value, in the marketplace. At the heart of Freshness charitable giving is the idea that being a good corporate citizen is an ongoing responsibility. By helping to create stronger communities, we enhance the quality of life for customers and associates. We know being a good neighbor also means providing for our customers beyond our store's walls. Here at Freshness, we're determined on providing our customers with a fresh and healthy proficiency every time they enter our stores. One of our charitable missions is to support ending hunger in our local community. We support local establishments providing wide-ranging from hunger relief programming and food distribution...
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...has been an ongoing event for many centuries; ever since the first traders and merchants sought out other countries to bring back uniquely different food and goods, countries have been sharing their culture and perspectives with those they visit or those that come to their borders. Today, with the widespread use of Internet, digital information, and focus on international business, the positive effect of globalization is much more apparent as well as the challenges it presents to countries with different ethical cultures. While most would assume that people in another land speaking a different language, following a different religion, and eating different food would more than likely perceive and behave differently from than our own; the truth is that even though these differences may be perceived, very little is done to actually understand them appropriately unless it is deemed necessary. However, what is quickly becoming equally apparent, for international businesses and corporations to deal successfully with a foreign contractor, business, or even government; the proper measures must be taken to understand the differences in ethical perception and to work to accommodate those differences. Failure to do so leave many of these companies and businesses vulnerable for international ethical dilemmas that are quickly brought to global attention by international media sources; where the wide-spread use of the Internet and digital communication have helped companies grow internationally...
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...for choosing United States of America The United States is home to one of the world most complex and competitive economy. As one of the largest and richest consumer markets the chances are high there is a market for your product or service in the US. From the below, the table list shows economy overview of United States. | | | | | | | | Region – OECD high income | Doing business 2013 rank 4 | Doing business 2013 rank4 | Changes in rank0 | Income Category- High income | | | | Population- 311,591,917 | | | | | | | Doing business 2013 DTF**(% Points) 84.3 | Doing business 2012 DFT**(% Points) 85.0 | Improvement in DFT**(%Points)-0.7 | GNI Per Capita(US$) -48,450 | | | | Business cultural of United States of America * Value and Attitudes * Values American business culture is also characterized by a heavy emphasis on individual initiative, independent, entrepreneurship and achievement. Personal competence, professionalism and accountability for individual performance are highly valued. They value equality, fairness and privacy. * Attitudes Americans expect you to be positive about yourself, your products, and your capabilities. Americans expect all business interactions to be polite and professional. Arrive on time for meetings since time and punctuality are so important to Americans. People are extremely punctual and view it as a sign of disrespect for someone to be late for...
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...Literature review 3 1.1 Global brands 3 1. 3 Brand Images & Country of origin (COO) effects 4 Figure 1: Model for developing strong brands based in Country of Origin image 6 1.4 Brand Names 7 2. Discussion 7 2.1 Existence of global brands 7 2.2 Cultural sensitivity & COO image perception 9 2.3 Brand name & national alphabet 9 Figure 2: Chinese naming analysis 10 Figure 3: Domestic brand names in Vietnamese market 11 III. Conclusion 12 IV. REFERENCES 13 I. Introduction Globalization concept is studied since 1870 (Lee et al, 2009); during the development of its concept, there are many debates around consequence of convergence process of the world. In last three decades, globalization is predicted as noticeable trend causing the homogeneity of consumption pattern in near future (Levitt, 1983 in Robson , 2005), whereas, in this days and age, homogeneity of customer needs, taste and lifestyles is indicated as an impossible phenomenon (De Mooij M., 2011). The debate of globalization versus localization leads to examining application of the maxim- “think global, act local” in different markets across the world. Failures of global brand in standardizing its name, brand image perception, causes the suspicion of existence of global brand. The aim of this study is to examine two dimensions of brand image perception of customer: country of origin effect and brand name. Afterward, my personal opinion of existence of global brand will be proved in discussion...
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