...are not synonymous. The nation’s relationship focused culture and their ability to remain focused solely on business relationships and stay segregated from the governmental practices of their international partners adds to the attractiveness for some nations. Additionally, Confucius Institutes located around the world contribute to linguistic, historical, and cultural awareness. India also has a rich culture of which awareness is promoted through cultural centers around the world. It’s widespread influence can be depicted through the success of Indian cuisine, technology, Bollywood, and even yoga practices. India has transformed into a modernized democracy, attracting much attention through its large pool of English speaking workers in combination with its high-tech information technology abilities. These qualities have given rise to the expanding Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry in India. This industry has allowed for the increase of India’s confidence in the global arena and has provided a starting point for further expansion and partnerships. Additionally, it has greatly contributed to India’s quickly growing economy. Overall, there is something to be learned from watching the expansion of China and India as soft powers. Business and business practices throughout the world will experience the effects of this power through partnerships fostering cultural exchange and economic investments. Western countries...
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...International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 11; June 2012 Cross-Cultural Values Comparison between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans Jean Pierre MIAHOUAKANA MATONDO PhD Student in Business Administration Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University 1882, Yan’an Road, Shanghai China Abstract With a Sino-African trade growing at 40% a year and a steadily growing economy above 5% in Africa are challenging Chinese companies and individual Chinese businessmen to reassess broad stereotypes and globalization strategies in this continent. This paper reviews a comparative analysis of fundamental values and interpersonal relations between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans, and also their impact on the intercultural activities. It outlines differences and synergies amongst African and Chinese cultures. The study aims to introduce some important recommendations and factors, which may have an essential impact on Chinese companies operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides in addition empirical insights of a set of values that may influence Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans’ behaviours. New suggestions related to cross-cultural activities are reported to implement adequate human resource management policies within these companies. The paper includes implications for the development of new cross-cultural strategies and restructuration of the human resource policies. Keywords: Cross-cultural Values; Identity; Cross-Cultural Management; Group...
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...Cultural Syncretism and its Impact Joanna Abele, Cassandra Drapeau, Amanda Lawson, Brandon Nelson, and Crystal Wooten American Intercontinental University – Online March 3, 2013 Abstract In gaining an understanding of how early civilizations lived, we can see what impact they have had as they migrated to the New World. By examining what they left behind we can also see the impact they have had on many diverse cultures and societies today. Cultural Syncretism and its Impact Introduction Cultural syncretism occurs when two opposite cultures mix and blend their cultural beliefs, whether they be political or religious, to produce or to start a new culture or religion. Historically, syncretism has been seen as an attempt to reconcile disparities between various cultures. Africa and the Americas both had help with other factors like weapons, religion, and technological advancements. When it came to cultural beliefs, China and India’s values were very different. They would operate from outside of the traditional beliefs, which made them much more resistant to syncretism. Compare and contrast the legacies of cultural syncretism in Africa and the Americas with the resistance to cultural change Westerners encountered in China and India. When different aspects of cultural philosophies or religions blend together and disparities are compromised, cultural syncretism occurs. According to the 1830 American census 2.3 million people were of African descent and there was only...
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...International Business Management Set up and operate a Business in Foreign Country Abstract This paper deals with the international business. It emphasizes on the means to start the business and the cost associated with the initiation of the business. It also describes the most important aspect of managing human resource. Because of the competitive environment, the need to do the business internationally has increased. This paper provides the overview of the two countries i.e. china and South Africa. Broad description of the legal processes that were supposed to be followed by the company to initiate business in the China has been explained. Apart from this, the staffing of local and expatriate staff along with the labor organization and legislation of the foreign country has been described. Therefore, the paper provides detailed analysis of the conditions that should be kept in mind while establishing business in the foreign country. Introduction International business is a term, which is used collectively to describe issues relating to the firm’s operations with interests in numerous countries. These firms are sometimes referred as multinational corporations. The main area of concern in the international business is the cultural considerations. These considerations include dissimilarity in law and legal systems, living standards, language barriers, climate and many more (Cherunilam, 2005). All these issues need to be overcome for an MNC in order to obtain success in...
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...THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR MARC MASSOUD AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY MITCHELL SKOTARCZYK FOR SENIOR THESIS SPRING 2011 2 Table of Contents I. Introduction…………………….……………………………………………………………….4 II. Literature Summary………………………………………...………………...….……………..5 III. IFRS……………………...……………………………………………………..……………11 IV. Carve-outs…………………………………………………………………………………....18 V. Culture and Accounting………………………………………………………………………25 VI. Conclusion………………………………………………………………...…………………30 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………...32 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..37 3 I. Introduction As globalization increases at a blistering pace, more and more business entities continue to get involved in cross-border capital investments. A considerable cost can be applied to these types of transaction for the translation of financial statements prepared under dissimilar accounting guidelines into a comparable form. There exist a multiple number of accounting systems that create these dissimilarities, because accounting is a language...
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...changed. 2. But, due to official wasteful government spending and corruption, foreigners find their influences and beliefs are repudiated. 3. Mr. Kagame’s economic goal for Rwanda is: spurring private investment. 4. The Rwandan government places no limit on foreign ownership and is growing at 8.8% a year. 5. What is happening in Nigeria that is impeding economic stability? Rising Nigeria's Violence Imperils Stability. Religious and economic grievances are coalescing into a dangerous mix that threatens the country's stability—and reflects other African security challenges. A political body representing Nigeria's Kano-based Igbo people, mostly Christians from the country's south, asked governors in the group's heartland to provide transportation for as many as three million people seeking to flee the mainly Muslim north. 6. China’s direct investment in Africa rose 87% to $1.1 billion during first ¾ of 2011. INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS: culture, norms, ethics 7. Mr. Shah visited the US and studied Kmart, then using the same business model and cultural values, built the top Supermarket Chain in East Africa. 8. Regional economic growth in Africa is being fueled by young, African banks, but hindered by Weak infrastructure. 9. The pictures of middle class African teenagers show they value: 1) Family and 2) Friendship. 10. The Chinese waitress in Nigeria shows the cultural norms of that country when she makes fun of patrons who do not for not drinking or eating...
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...influencing the way Africa integrates into the global economy. Dobler analyses different trade networks that link Oshikango, Nambibia to the world through four case studies on Scotch whisky, Brazilian furniture, Japanese used cars and Chinese sneakers commodities. Through the case studies, he exemplifies how there has been a shift from old colonial domination of trade to new manufacturing countries or trade routes, as well as the essential role of migrant entrepreneurs in these routes. The similarity underlying the different trade networks is that while the people involved in them are of different ethnicity or country of origin, they share the same profit-seeking motive and the opportunities in the international system shape them to become successful examples as facilitators of global trade. Another key concept from the article is that of global integration via consumption. As trade booms in the town of Namibia, it invariably fuels consumption in the town and Africa as a whole. Consumption choices are a means of self-expression in relation to the world and more Africans aspire towards commodities that reflect social standing and a ‘better life’. This thus creates new dependencies on the trade networks to fulfill these desires. Scotch Whisky Trade The whisky trade is centrally organized, with production mainly based in Europe and distribution globally through exclusive representatives. Whisky remains as one of the most important good traded from Europe to Africa even in the post-colonial...
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...Q 1: Discuss and analyze the ethical issues reflected in the case. The case is about British American Tobacco (BAT), London-based tobacco firm, which is involved in doing unethical activities and hence breaking their marketing code in Africa. BBC had investigated and found BAT is trying to attract more young African buyers of its product by adjusting marketing strategy to meet young people's needs. They are actually promoting and selling cigarettes in form of “single sticks”, which is attractive to young people of poor African countries like Nigeria, Malawi and Mauritius, who cannot afford to buy a whole packet of cigarettes. Now, there is nothing wrong with marketing one's product to target an audience of possible consumers. However, in this case, BAT allegedly targeted African children as young as 11 by aggressively marketing single sticks' to them. The company also hosted events that targeted young people despite their publicly stated commitments. Now, we know that most ethical issues concerning business consumer relations refer to the ‘marketing mix’, ethical issues in product policy, marketing communications, pricing and marketing strategy. Ethical Issues in marketing management – Product Policy At the most basic level, manufacturers should exercise due care in establishing that all reasonable steps are taken to ensure that their products are free from defects and safe to use as well as effective and fit for the purpose. Cigarette may be effective as they claim...
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...among themselves. They planned to use the land and resources of Africa to help their economies and to become the country with the most power. Europeans felt that they needed land and power to be great, the effect was imperialism in Africa. Geopolitical power, economics, and cultural attitudes motivated the Europeans to take control over African land, resources, and trade. Europeans believed that they should have power over, not only their land, but other lands as well. The idea of geopolitical power was strong in the minds of Europeans and they used it to their advantage. In 1884 and 1885 European powers held the Berlin conference, during which, they divided up African land according to power, people, and resources. (Doc A) If a country did not have the required military support,...
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...immediately, but there are also possibilities for live pictures and sound giving a feeling of presence almost virtually wherever it happens on the planet. The earlier seemingly logical relationship between space and time is moving apart, and distance is no longer an obstacle resulting in the world seeming smaller. In this article, media imperialism will be looked at in the television industry. We look at the world’s largest media giant Time Warner that recently announced its merger with Comcast making it a force to be reckon with a value of over $45 billion dollars. Then we look nationally at our very own media giant, MultiChoice, and its CEO of the holding company Naspers, Mr Koos Bekker. This media mogul has pathed the way for media in South Africa and we look at what made him so successful and how he manages such a powerful organisation such as Naspers. How does media imperialism effect the television industry? This question is discussed, and looked at in depth. The world is divided into first world countries, who produce media, and developing countries who pay a high price for being behind the times. A content analysis is done for this paper, and online resources were used to research each topic. 2 INTERNATIONAL FLOW OF INFORMATION IN A GLOBAL CULTURE Globalisation in terms of innovation and technology has...
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...Developing Inclusive Business Models A Review of Coca-Cola’s Manuel Distribution Centers in Ethiopia and Tanzania Coca-Cola: Advancing New Solutions for Economic Development 2009 Coca-Cola uses the global marketing strategy (the practice of standardizing marketing activities when there are cultural similarities and adapting them when cultures differ) and they are also what you would call a transnational firm. Coca-Cola capitalizes on the global consumer. Coca-Cola has decided to create “manual distribution centers” (MDC) and as of 2009. They have over 2,500 of these centers in Africa. The company has created over 12,000 jobs and profits of more than $500 million in U.S. currency. They decided to contract independent entrepreneurs that would distribute and market (sell) their beverages in small geographical areas. Most of these areas are located where there is a lack of secure roads and foundations, which makes it hard for supply trucks to drive on. Because of the area this makes it easier to build a MDC and then they can sale products and make a profit. These Manual Distribution Centers account for over 80% of the company’s sales from East Africa. The MDC’s are a nice example of the way businesses can focus on meeting its consumers need while supporting the sustainability of its communities. It is Coca-Cola’s philosophy to examine their business and determine where they can have the highest influence on improving advantages that are important to the areas of communities...
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...Conducting Business in Kenya February 13, 2015 Abstract As a business consultant for XYZ Medical Group, our mission is to travel to East Africa and build a HIV/AIDS clinic. Our goal is to educate different communities on the importance of safeguarding their health against contracting this disease. XYZ Medical Group has designed a program that has been successful in New York City and Philadelphia. Pursing international endeavors will be challenging when it comes to cultural and business practices. Understanding the different cultures and how to interact to convey the message is crucial. In order to be successful there must be policies and a strategic framework for mobilizing and coordinating resources for the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission and provision of care and support to the infected and affected people in Kenya. AIDS is an epidemic throughout Africa and Kenya is not excluded. Currently, most people are not educated on the dangers of this disease due to ethnic, cultural, and religious beliefs. The country’s diverse culture, customs and gestures, political imbalance, economic state, and how they conduct business with foreign influences are some issues that will be addressed and solved before entering this venture. Conducting Business in Kenya Kenya or the Republic of Kenya is a newly independent country that gained its independence in 1963 from British colonial rule. Kenya is located in East Africa and is bordered by Tanzania, Uganda, South Sudan. Ethiopia...
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...writers entailed from Political, game, war or social genre. For this assignment, we deal with business strategy or strategic management in today’s environment in the management world. Strategy could be simply defined as a plan of action to achieve any particular goal. In broader terms, Strategic Management refers to a process of combined activities; mainly, Strategic Analysis (required to develop an apt strategy), Strategy Formulation (process of transferring the analysis into a plan – intended strategy); and, Strategy Implementation (process of putting plan into action – realized strategy). The purpose of this assignment is to develop a comprehensive strategic plan for an Organization for its mission and vision to achieve goals. We have chosen ChinAfrica Magazine for this very purpose. ChinAfrica Magazine was first published in 1988 in English and French edition. Its paper version was suspended in 2001 due to internal financial problems; and, the new English monthly magazine was re-launched in October-2009. Their existing website is in English, Chinese, and French; thus, catering to a range of population. The English version of the magazine has 68 pages and French edition has 16 pages. As evident from the magazine issue, the primary purpose is to further enhance and promote mutual understanding between Chinese and African counterparts, their respective cultures, ideology, business avenues, etc. Hence, this magazine works as a medium of exchange of information between the two...
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...traits, and patterns and processes of African cultural adaptation (1). Suggestions are also made for reinventing the study of African social, cultural and psychological characteristics, and using such knowledge to help solve socioeconomic problems in Africa. Finally, comments are made regarding the impact of sociocultural particularism and Western individualism on the study of culture and cultural evolution. During the late 1950s and 1960s, national character and typical personality studies were broadly condemned, breathed their last gasp, and were ultimately relegated to the dustbin of bad social science. Since that time, various African scholars outside the social sciences have nevertheless been sustaining and redirecting group personality inquiry. They are not, however, approaching their subject as did Western social scientists in the first half of this century who used questionnaire instruments to determine if Africans were "traditional" or "modern" (2). This was a particularly popular approach among Western occupational psychologists working in Africa in the 1950s and 1960s who sought to scientifically assign statistical coefficients of modernization to African populations. They did this, for the most part, to find out which African groups were better suited for white or blue collar work in the colonial and post-independence socioeconomic setup (3). The majority of prior culture and personality researchers focusing on Africa were interested in creating and testing a "traditional/Western...
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...divergence and cross-vergence of culture in IHRM, by looking at recruitment and selection in Nigeria as well as the Pension Scheme. It will also focus on the political, economic, social, technical and legal environment a number of factors that influence human resource policies and practice in Nigeria. International human resource management(IHRM) is the term used to refer to the instance where an organisation`s HRM entails managing employees in more than one nation .(Ngo et al 1998 cited in Lloyd and Hartel ,2004, pg60) .According to( Dowling et al, 2008) IHRM covers a wide range of human resource issues faces MNCs in different parts of their organizations additionally ,we include comparative analysis of HRM in different countries.(Capelli and Croker, 1996) argues that international human resource practices is a crucial factor in creating unique organisational competences ,in turn help companies differentiate their products and services and thus build competitive advantage. International HRM refers to relatively separate areas of practice and research (Dowling and Welch ,2004) HRM policies and practices are carried out within an economic, social, political and legal environment .Thus there is a need for considerable historical and cultural insights into local conditions to understand the processes, philosophies and problems of national models of HRM (Hofstede, 1993) .The indigenous Nigeria system is associated with traditional workplaces. These include village farms ,crafts and...
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