...* HOW DO CULTURE AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECT THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF A COMMUNITY? * HOW DO CULTURE AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECT THE LEADERSHIP OF A COMMUNITY? * WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND ETHNIC ORGANIZATIONS THAT A COMMUNITY BUILDER CAN USE TO LEARN ABOUT THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF A GROUP AND TO IDENTIFY AND ENGAGE ITS LEADERS? * WHAT ARE SOME OF THE COMMON CHALLENGES THAT A COMMUNITY BUILDER MIGHT FACE WHEN WORKING IN A DIVERSE COMMUNITY? In order to work effectively in a culturally and ethnically diverse community, a community builder needs to first understand how each racial and ethnic group in that community is organized in order to support its members. It is not uncommon to hear a community leader, a funder, a political representative, or a service provider say, "We were not able to engage that group over there because they are not organized. They have no leaders. We need to organize them first." This statement is not always accurate; most groups have their own network of relationships and hierarchy of leaders that they tap into for mutual support. These networks or leaders may not be housed in a physical location or building that is obvious to people outside of the group. They may not even have a label or a title. There is an unspoken understanding in some groups about when and whom they should turn to among their members for advice, guidance, and blessing. Once a community builder understands the social organization of the group, it will become easier...
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...and leadership styles. The literature points to a varied views regarding the universal uniformity or cultural specificity of leadership attributes and effectiveness. Many researchers have argued for a direct impact of culture on leadership styles, arguing that specific cultural traditions and norms are bound to differentiate leadership styles. The leadership profile in a country is strongly influenced by its cultural values. This paper will define culture and will use the Hofstende culture determinants to describe African culture. This will be followed by the expansion of how the determinants of culture influence the leadership style that is experienced in Africa. Culture is “the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the member of one category of people from another” (Geert Hofstende). Other authors have defined culture as the system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviours, and artifacts that the members of society use to cope with their world and with one another Determinants of culture as described in the Hofstende model are Collectivism Vs. Individualism, large V small power distance, strong Vs. weak uncertainty avoidance, masculinity v femininity. The African culture has been described as collectivism where claims of groups, associations, or the state must normally supersede the claims of individuals. The practice makes the group rather than the individual the fundamental unit of political, social, and economic concern. The leadership style...
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... Research Introductions Nowadays, the leadership of woman is become more essential in the developing process for the civilized societies as a man’s colleague in managing companies. However, woman in some societies still facing many difficulties at her work like cultural heritages that do not accept the woman as a leaders. In the last two decade woman’s leadership value increased significantly comparing to man in managing public and private organizations in Jordan .we started to see women in the decision making position in organization and leading their own businesses ,and fortunately the government constantly support them ,however , Whilst the subject of women and organization leadership is well documented internationally, research in this field is rare in Middle East and Jordan in particular. This scarcity consolidates the commonly held belief that equity has been achieved in this country which masks the persistence of gender discrimination and social injustice. My study will explore three keys: (1) how culture shape the way woman lead as well as their perceptions and beliefs about leadership in business and organizations in Jordan.(2) The Jordanian cultural influence on woman leadership. (3) The obligation of these woman leaders to have significant positive influence on their culture. Along with that ,I will the most important obstacles .Qualitative methodology and narrative...
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...1.1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Generally, of the various leadership styles no other leadership style has a deeper or stronger historical base than servant leadership. The concept of servant leadership can be traced through passages dating back to the 4th century B.C., most notably passages documented from Lao-Tzu who lived in China 570 B.C. (Brewer, 2010). However, the contemporary study of servant leadership may be traced to the groundbreaking work of Greenleaf (1977). The model of servant leadership, as proposed by Robert Greenleaf (1977) seems especially well suited to providing employees with the empowerment and participatory job characteristics that are related to both employee and customer satisfaction. Servant-leadership represents a model of leadership in which the leader assumes a supportive, service orientated role among stakeholders and followers (Greenleaf, 1977). The fundamental concept of servant leadership is placing others before self and accordingly servant leaders care about the people that work for them, other person’s agendas come before their own and commitment to service comes first. The servant leader serves by building the skills of followers, removing obstacles, encouraging innovation, and empowering creative problem solving (Spears, 2004). Servant Leadershipis an understanding and practice of leadership that places the good of those led over the self-interest of the leader. Servant leadership promotes the valuing and development of people, the building...
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...Westernization and European Influences on Various Cultures Angela Lancaster AIU Online HUMA215-1205B-19 Abstract We are asked to analyze and interpret a quotation about the confrontation of Western civilization with other people whose values were often dramatically opposed to the West’s. We are asked to discuss what would the loss of centeredness of culture have meant for a given cultural group. To select from the non-western cultural groups and research the impact of Western or European cultures on the group chosen. Finally we are asked to give an opinion on how non-western culture was prior to the late nineteenth century and how did it change as a result of European expansion. There are several cultures that were affected by the westernization and the colonization of the Europeans. A few of these cultures are the Native Americans, Africans, Chinese, and Japanese. Each of these different cultures had drawn in different ideals, some good, and some bad. Asia did not have as many problems with westernization as the Native Americans and the Africans. The entire culture of the Native Americans and Africans were destroyed from European expansion and colonization, whereas the Chinese and Japanese retained much of their heritage by remaining out of touch with the western world. (Sayre, 2012) The Native Americans had a civilization that was basic and traditional, and it remained that way for several hundred if not thousands of years. They lived off of the land...
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...Social Science Vol. 3 No. 11; June 2012 Cross-Cultural Values Comparison between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans Jean Pierre MIAHOUAKANA MATONDO PhD Student in Business Administration Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University 1882, Yan’an Road, Shanghai China Abstract With a Sino-African trade growing at 40% a year and a steadily growing economy above 5% in Africa are challenging Chinese companies and individual Chinese businessmen to reassess broad stereotypes and globalization strategies in this continent. This paper reviews a comparative analysis of fundamental values and interpersonal relations between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans, and also their impact on the intercultural activities. It outlines differences and synergies amongst African and Chinese cultures. The study aims to introduce some important recommendations and factors, which may have an essential impact on Chinese companies operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides in addition empirical insights of a set of values that may influence Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans’ behaviours. New suggestions related to cross-cultural activities are reported to implement adequate human resource management policies within these companies. The paper includes implications for the development of new cross-cultural strategies and restructuration of the human resource policies. Keywords: Cross-cultural Values; Identity; Cross-Cultural Management; Group Affiliations; Intercultural ...
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... University of Phoenix Emerging Standards of Care: Cultural Competence The current U.S. population exhibits unparalleled sociocultural and ethnic diversity, yet the nursing workforce fails to reflect the current state of the nation’s diversity. According to Clark, Calvillo, Fongwa, Kools, Dela Cruz, Lowe, and Mastel-Smith (2011) non-Hispanic Whites constitute 83.2% of the nursing workforce, although Hispanics, African Americans, American Indians, Asians, and other ethnic groups remain underrepresented. Nursing faces the challenge to meet the health care needs of such a culturally diverse population while promoting diversity in the workforce through educating nurses on cultural sensitivity and competence. Cultural competence in nursing is evolving as the standard of care. Nursing and other health care providers must employ knowledge of various social and cultural influences in the care setting to promote patient-centered care (Mitchell, Fioravanti, Founds, Hoffmann, & Libman, 2010). It is crucial to recognize and appreciate the relevance of diversity in the acute care setting to set standards of culturally competent nursing care, and improve care delivery through meeting and improving these standards. Cultural Competence When examining definitions and concepts of cultural competence, it is evident that it not only pertains to race, sex, age, and ethnicity, but also encompasses “other inseparable...
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...Emerging Standards of Care: Cultural Competence Nur 531 July 29, 2013 Instructor Greg Friensz Emerging Standards of Care: Cultural Competence The current U.S. population exhibits unparalleled sociocultural and ethnic diversity, yet the nursing workforce fails to reflect the current state of the nation’s diversity. According to Clark, Calvillo, Fongwa, Kools, Dela Cruz, Lowe, and Mastel-Smith (2011) non-Hispanic Whites constitute 83.2% of the nursing workforce, although Hispanics, African Americans, American Indians, Asians, and other ethnic groups remain underrepresented. Nursing faces the challenge to meet the health care needs of such a culturally diverse population while promoting diversity in the workforce through educating nurses on cultural sensitivity and competence. Cultural competence in nursing is evolving as the standard of care. Nursing and other health care providers must employ knowledge of various social and cultural influences in the care setting to promote patient-centered care (Mitchell, Fioravanti, Founds, Hoffmann, & Libman, 2010). It is crucial to recognize and appreciate the relevance of diversity in the acute care setting to set standards of culturally competent nursing care, and improve care delivery through meeting and improving these standards. When examining definitions and concepts of cultural competence, it is evident that it not only pertains to race, sex, age, and ethnicity, but encompasses “other inseparable factors of culture...
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...Integration Paper Cultural Concepts Introduction Eight Strangers With Nothing in Common, Except Each Other It was Saturday morning February 4, 2012 the first day of Managing in a Diverse and Global World. Ironically, the class of eight students metaphorically resembled the 1985 John Hughes movie the Breakfast Club “five strangers with nothing in common, except each other” about high school students from completely different backgrounds serving Saturday morning detention and their quest to connect on some level as equals. In a graduate class that will focus on cultural diversity in business our classroom was comprised of eight students that resembled just that. The differences were visibly apparent to everyone immediately. We represented more than 5 countries and spanned multiple continents. The three Americans in the classroom were cross sections of American culture; an African American female working in the private sector, a Caucasian American female working in the government sector, and a Caucasian American male working in the non-profit sector. The next seven weeks showed promise for revealing and stimulating conversation that centered on our individual perspectives and approaches in life and business each one of us equally contributing our narrow perspective of the world. All sharing our ideas, our ideals, and our idiosyncrasies. The first day immediately revealed how much I did not know about other cultures. I was very unaware of the breadth of differences...
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...Nationalism raged in Africa as an outcome of white rule and colonization of the native African’s land of which Zambia is not an exception. Africans were in pursuit of uniting all of Africa with black solidarity and eventually self- governing rule. Those who sought that were called Pan-Africanists and started their revolt with protests and by reminding Africans with liberating sparks of freedom in slogans and ideas such as “Africa for the Africans”.PanAfricanist believed that Africa had a glorious past and that Africans had deeply influenced Western civilization. All of this talk and liberating actions prided Africans to join in their own movement, but was of course met by struggles and challenges.Therefore, this academic essay aims at discussing the impact of nationalism towards Zambian culture. In order to achieve this, the essay will begin by giving brief explanation on Zambian culture as well as Nationalism and thereafter stretch negative and positive impact of nationalism on this culture. Zambia’s contemporary culture is a blend of values, norms, material and spiritual traditions of more than 73 ethnically diverse people. It is believed that most of the tribes of Zambia moved into the area in a series of migratory waves a few centuries ago. They grew in numbers and many travelled in search of establishing new kingdoms, farming land and pastures. Culture comes in many forms and shapes that are constantly evolving. One way of thinking about culture is as “an iceberg sticking...
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...DETERMINANTS OF CULTURE 8 2.11 GEERT HOFSTEDE’S MODEL 9 2.12 INDIVIDUALISIM V COLLECTIVISM 9 2.13 POWER DISTANCE 9 2.14 LARGE POWER DISTANCE 9 2.15 SMALL POWER DISTANCE 9 2.16 MASCULINITY V FEMINITY 9 2.17 UNCERTAINITY AVOIDANCE 10 3.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE 10 3.01 Culture is dynamic 10 3.02 Culture is pervasive 10 3.03 Culture is learnt 10 3.04 Culture is integrated 10 3.05 Culture is ethnocentric 10 3.06 Culture provides social cohesion 11 4.0 VIEWS ON CULTURAL TRENDS 11 4.01 The Convergent View 11 4.02 The Divergent View 11 5.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION 12 5.01 ANALYSIS 12 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.01 WHAT IS CULTURE? Culture rules virtually every aspect of your life and like most people; you are completely unaware of this. Culture is vital because it enables its members to function with one another without the need to negotiate meaning at every moment. Culture is learned and forgotten, so despite its importance we are generally unconscious of its influence or the manner in which we perceive the world and interact within it. Culture is significant because as we work with others it enables us and impedes us in our ability to understand and work effectively together. Culture has been defined in a number of ways before by very many people. Below are a number of them with their explanations; Ian Brook defined culture as...
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...Political Economy of African American Music." Teaching the Journal of American History Vol. 90, No. 4.March 2004 (2004): 1295-1324. Web. 1 Mar. 2004. African American owned Record Company, which produced records for African American consumers, was faced with attempts by a large record corporation to force them into bankruptcy. Why would a large company do this for such a small African American owned company? How would it merit attention from African American people in this medium when you have more important subjects like voting rights and lynching? Moreover, why would it merit any attention at all, not to mention, selling records to black consumers. This article answers these questions and investigates the rise and fall of the small record company and explores the political economy in which it operated. Black Swan Records created by Henry H. Pace, who saw a way to respond to a hostile environment that African American people faced with, both in the entertainment industry and in American society. The protégé of W.E.B Du Bois, also saw that African Americans were not equally even when they were freed from slavery. Access to material goods that cultivate and motivate African Americans creative spirits were denied by America. The fear of African Americans, by White America, to support one another and encourage each other to develop business, and economic self-sufficiency was racially evident. African American growth and prosperity would shape the landscape for African Americans....
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...Experience Uncommon Faithfulness is a collection of essays of the experience of African American Catholics. The book was written by fourteen black Catholic theologians, ecclesial leaders and scholars at a conference held at the University of Notre Dame in 2004. Uncommon Faithfulness was edited by M. Shawn Copeland who serves as the Adjunct Professor of Theology at the Institute for black Catholic studies at Xavier University in New Orleans Louisiana. Catholics of African descent maintained their faith and inspiration to sustain resistance against oppression of slavery and to create life giving opportunities. This was nearly 450 years of Uncommon Faithfulness. The phrase “Uncommon Faithfulness” describes the black Catholic experience in the United States. There are a total of fourteen essays. The first five essays deals with the history of black Catholics in the United States; including essays about African American women in religious communities and black Catholics during the civil rights movement in the United States. The next five essays deals with theological and ethnical aspects of the black Christian experience. There are many challenges that reflect the black Catholic community that allowed African ancestors to endure the denial of their humanity. Despite oppression conditions they were able to exercise their full humanity and were able to create new institutions and cultural traditions by thinking past custom beliefs. The final set of essays speaks about pastoral...
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...“Each generation must out of relative obscurity discover its mission, fulfill it, or betray it” - Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth In cultures all over the world, music can be seen encompassing many aspects of life for many individuals. It is a form of mass communication that speaks directly to society as a cultural form", and often reflects a collection and pattern of personal experiences. Hip-hop or rap, an art form and culture nearly thirty years old originating from The Bronx, New York, has provided a forum for Black and Latino youth to express their respective cultures and speak on a number of issues. Today, Hip-hop is a global phenomenon that appeals to almost all ethnicities and is synthesizing a new culture that goes beyond race, education, and income. Hip-hop has been under continual metamorphosis since its 1970’s inner-city inception. Some of the original artists like Kurtis Blow chose to lament everyday life in the ghettos. Others, Sugar Hill Gang among them, took a more dance inspired approach to the music. But for both these and other artists from the early years of rap through the late 1980’s including KRS-One, Public Enemy, Queen Latifah and LL Cool J, fast beats and socially relevant lyrics were among the primary components of the music. By the 1990’s a new face of rap music emerged. It began with Ice T and later gained popularity with artists such as NWA (Niggaz Wit Attitude) whose first album shocked and titillated the rap world with their...
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...INTRODUCTION A number of African American women are succeeding on the long road to career advancement and leadership positions. Nevertheless, racism and sexism still hinder their efforts for career advancement and leadership positions. Black women are facing an intense combination of discrimination in American institutions. Because we live in a white male-dominated society, it is easy to underestimate African American women’s leadership potential and abilities. African American women are looked at as inferior beings, rather than as equals capable of accomplishing any and everything a man can. The purpose of this research will be to investigate how education influences career advancement and leadership positions of African American...
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