...FESTIVAL Festival is known as the day of religions for celebration, there is having different festivals of religions. For Iban there is a lot of festival such as Gawai Batu (Whetstone festival) which is related to the farming festivals. Gawai Batu (Whetstone festival) is not held in every year but is held once in approximately 4 years. Tuai Rumah and Tuai Brrong will call a meeting to discuss the celebration of the Gawai Batu, and this festival is held in May or early in June. It’s because the objective of this festival is a ceremony of initial clearing of land for farming so that it’s not a yearly festival because when the growth of padi is deficient and harvests are abnormally declining. For Gawai Batu, a group of lemambang (bards) is invited to their pengap songs in which the deity Raja Simpulang Gana is called upon to bless the whetstones belonging to the farmers of the longhouse. In addition, an old man who is a successful farmer is invited to clean and oil the whetstones early on the festival eve. The bards will arrive at the longhouse in the festival of afternoon. On their arrive, Tuai Burong will receive them in the space of in front of longhouse. The bards will sing their songs along the path and up into the longhouse, where they encircle the communal gallery before they take their seats along the section of the gallery belonging to the feast chief (Tuai Gawai). Heare a shrine has been erected onto which are placed the whetstones and charms to be bless during...
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... INTRODUCTION Culture is a global phenomenon that derived from social, economic, legal, political and religious norms, values and traditions of the society. Culture shapes the behavior of individuals to act accordingly in different situations faced by the individuals in all spheres of life. An organizational culture is commonly defined as a set of beliefs, values and assumptions that are shared by members of an organization (Schein, 1985). In both personal and organizational level, it is believed that organizational culture provides a competitive advantage and has a considerable effect in developing employee–manager relationship. The influence of organizational culture on organizational performance has been proven in many studies. For example, a number of researchers (e.g., Paparone, 2003; Smith and Shilbury, 2004; Ezirim et al., 2010) have addressed the significant roles of creating, managing, and changing organizational culture for the purpose of increasing overall organizational effectiveness and performance. Hence, creating and strengthening of organization culture of a company is a very important process in ensuring company continual success. In this study, the organizational culture of Digi Malaysia was studied using Hofstede’s organizational dimensions. Digi Malaysia is third largest phone service provider in Malaysia after Maxis and Celcom. Being one of three mobile telecommunications operators in Malaysia, DiGi is often regarded as the smallest...
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...Malaysia was called "Malaya" at first, after independent from the British Colonisation in 1957. It was only made up of Malay Peninsula and Singapore Island. After a few years, Sabah and Sarawak decided to join Malaya to form Malaysia in 1963. However, Singapore seceded in 1965. Now, Malaysia is independent for 53 years. This multi-racial and multi-cultural country consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,845 square kilometres (127,354 sq mi). The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population stands over 28 million made up of Malays, Chinese, Indians and numerous ethnic groups. Malaysia gained its independent on August 31, 1957. Since independence Malaysia has had six Prime Ministers namely, Tunku Abdul Rahman the first Prime Minister and known as “Bapa Kemerdekaan” (Father of Independence), Tun Abdul Razak the second sitting Prime Minister, known as the Father of Development, Tun Hussein Onn was granted the soubriquet “Bapa Perpaduan” (Father of Unity) sited as the third Prime Minister ,Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad was the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia is the longest running leader in Asia serving for 22 years since 1981, the fifth Prime Minister was Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and the current Prime Minister is Dato' Sri Mohd. Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak. The national language is Bahasa Melayu, but English is widely spoken and understood, and taught as a second language...
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...Topic: One of the major challenges facing Malaysia today is lack of leadership. Discuss this statement and include in your discussion the factors behind this leadership deficit. 1.0 Introduction These decades, there are many challenges facing by Malaysia that need to be handle effectively in order for Malaysia to achieve its vision on 2020. Recently, the latest issue in Malaysia that got concern not only by Malaysian but also international community are ‘I want to touch a dog’ programme, Selangor MB crisis, changing Malaysian education system, GST (good and service tax) implement on 2015, lost of MH370, MH 17 incident and many more. These showed that Malaysia has lack of leadership in term of emotion awareness, lack of communication skill, information and knowledge and much more. Lack of leadership is one of the major challenges for Malaysia because an effective leadership are needed to handle these entire problems effectively. However, Malaysia undergo leadership deficit. Maintaining the political peaceful, economic growth, multi-ethnic citizen and develop higher education are examples of another challenges for Malaysia to manage nowadays. The concept of leadership is quite unclear and it is different from concept of management but both are important. According to Jackson (1993), leadership can be define as thought of as belonging to the individual rather than given by virtue of his or her position in organisational which can be seen as an ability to motivate others and...
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...performance 2.1 Failure in realizing the local culture. There are a few factors that contribute on the failure to perform for EuroDisney on its first year operation. The first reason is because they fail to realize the local culture there is in France and instead of adapting to the foreign culture, the American company tries to adopt their American culture towards the business; which in this case lead them to disastrous results. One of the contradicting examples is that French people have their own adored cartoon characters. These cartoon characters also have their own theme park that is near to where EuroDisney is located. Thus, it is a challenge for EuroDisney to compete with what have been French’s favorite casts. Other than that, the operation of EuroDisney that does not allow the selling of wine which counters the culture of French whereby they are the world’s biggest wine consumers also lead them to poor performance. The culture of having “the clean-shaven, neat and tidy look” from the American culture is also being adapted to the park employees where the value may not be shared with the European’s. Besides that, the flexibility of the company to fire any of the employees who don’t follow the rules is also limited as the worker’s rights are very strictly protected by the French law. 2.2 Events that took place during the same year. Other than the failure of realizing the local culture in France, the management of EuroDisney also fails to do...
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...2.0 CULTURE OF MALAYSIA The culture of Malaysia draws on the varied cultures of the different people of Malaysia. The first people to live in the area were indigenous tribes that still remain; they were followed by the Malays, who moved there from mainland Asia in ancient times. Chinese and Indian cultural influences made their mark when trade began with those countries, and increased with immigration to Malaysia. Other cultures that heavily influenced that of Malaysia include Persian, Arabic, and British. The many different ethnicities that currently exist in Malaysia have their own unique and distinctive cultural identities, with some crossover. Arts and music have a long tradition in Malaysia, with Malay art dating back to the Malay sultanates. Traditional art was centred around fields such as carving, silversmithing, and weaving. Islamic taboos restricted artwork depicting humans until the mid-20th century. Performing arts and shadow puppet shows are popular, and often show Indian influences. Various influences can be seen in architecture, from individual cultures in Malaysia and from other countries. Large modern structures have been built, including the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers. Malaysian music has a variety of origins, and is largely based around percussion instruments. Much early Malaysian literature was based on Indian epics, which remained unchanged even as Malays converted to Islam; this has expanded in recent decades. English...
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...following report is to compare contrast consumer behavioral characteristics between Malaysia and Australia in terms of religiosity and materialism. The report follows the structure of analyzing religiosity in Malaysia and comparing advertisements in a secularized nation and how this is important for an Australian marketer trying to sell their product (women’s clothing) in Malaysia. The reports fundamental goal is to further understand how religiosity and materialism influence and affect consumer behaviour. ------------------------------------------------- Religious Subculture Introduction The following report focuses on the specific influences of Religious subculture and Materialism in consumer behavior which shape our values and understanding of purchase behaviours. Religious subcultures are groups in society with homogeneous beliefs and experiences. The global marketplace is exceedingly becoming more influential and powerful than ever before, thus the need to understand consumer behaviour in different cultures and nations is ever so important in our modern world. The concept of religiosity is accountable for differences in consumer behavioral characteristics across the world. The study of religious subculture has found that religion appears to influences a persons behaviour and may also influence well being and life in general. (Hirschman, 1981). The affiliation of religion within a culture has the ability to influences personality, beliefs values and specific characteristics...
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...venture? a) Political structure: the government of Malaysia comprises the federal, state and local government. Malaysia is a federation of 13 states operating within a constitutional monarchy using the Westminster parliamentary system and is categorized as representative democracy. The federal government adopts the principle of separation of powers and has three branches: executive, legislature and judiciary. The state governments in Malaysia also have their respective executive and legislative bodies. The judicial system in Malaysia is a federalized court system operating uniformly throughout the country. The federal government of Malaysia adheres to and is created by the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, the supreme law of the land. b) Political parties: Malaysia has a number of parties in operation, while there is only one party holds the true power of the nation. c) Local government: local government of Malaysia is the lowest level in the government system. The local authority has the power to collect taxes, create rules and to grant licenses and permits for any trade in certain areas. d) Stability of government: Since has been introduced above, Malaysia is a one party dominated country, compared with other democratic countries, it has more stable policies (governing party never changes) and has predictable policy trends in the future. e) Summary analysis of domestic, foreign and international political environment: Malaysia is a well trade partner with Australia and has positive...
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... * Inadequate infrastructures for logistics and supply chain.Economic * High potential for growth in economy. * Significant Difference in income levels between rich and poor. * Abundance of workforce. * Untapped market. | Relative Importance | With reference to Essential Business Requirement of COSTCO, we evaluated the significance of the four factors: * Culture *** | * Administrative **** | * Geographic **** | * Economic ** | {key: (****-Most significant) - (*- Least Significant)} | Business Challenges | * Culture * Nigeria has local informal retail shopping market. Significant difference in culture (high context). * Variety of people from different cultures, challenge to please each one. * Administrative * It has an inefficient property registration system. * Government has restrictive trade policies. * Geographic * Inadequate infrastructure. Difficult to reach out to rural customers. * Economic * Regional disparity affects target customers. * Presence of a rival (Shoprite) with a developed distribution network. | Business Opportunities | * Culture * Cultural Similarity with other African countries. If successful in Nigeria, company can expand further in Africa’s untapped market. * Live in large families so its beneficial for Costco wholesale model. * Administrative * Government is investing heavily on improving the infrastructure....
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...Razak became the sixth Prime Minister, he introduced a concept of solidarity, which is One Malaysia. It is not a new concept. In fact, he states that it is the goal of national unity envisioned by past prime ministers of this nation with a different approach and method according to the current condition of the world. In the other words, he updated the concept which is brought by the previous Malaysian leaders. The Prime Minister also states that the 1 Malaysia concept is the guideline on how to achieve bangsa Malaysia, which translates into English as a “Malaysian race”. Nowadays, certain of Malaysian citizens sort theirselves according by their races. Thus, it will lacerate the solidarity and create a gap between races. Furthermore, some of our people are only socialize with their own race and they were unlikely to be friendly to the other races. These factors are also adapted into our local economy sectors. For an example, The Chinese employer will only hire chinese employees to work in their company. As a result, Chinese are now dominating the commercial fields in Malaysia. Plus, it also caused other race such as Malay and Indian to have less opportunity to work in this field. Besides, it also causes our country become divisible and are not completely united. With this One Malaysia concept, it helps to terminate this bad perspective and reunite the human races in Malaysia. This idea consists of two aspects, the application of solidarity and the application of aspiration...
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...1. INTRODUCTION Malaysia as described by many economists and development scientists is one of the fast growing developing countries in the East. The rapid process of economic development and increase number of population is a resulted from the globalization that Malaysia had experience. Globalization may be thought of initially as the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life, from the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritual. Globalization is a situation explaining a process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade (Wikipedia). Meanwhile, Palmer (2002) defines globalization as "the elimination of state-enforced restrictions on exchanges across borders and the increasingly integrated and complex global system of production and exchange that has emerged as a result”. Professor Madya Dr. Zaid Ahmad stated that, globalization is a recently emerging fashionable expression that carries several connotations. There are those who have used it to express what they argue as new phenomenon enveloping societies the world over. Generally, globalization involves three distinct processes such as the distantless, borderlessness and interconnectedness of nation-states Society always arguing about a process which is naturally unstoppable. Either unprepared for it or against it, they will simply engulfed...
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...Malaysia 2. Describe the prevailing culture of the people and their economic standing (e.g. languages, greetings, religions, per capita income, etc.). The cultures around the world are very different and very much the alike at the same time. The way people live around the world depends on the norms internalized by their societies. The given circumstances that differ around the world limit individual’s chances for fortune and life chances. There are endless questions that can be asked to compare or contrast culture from culture and nation from nation, but the fact that there are so many similarities amidst mankind should inspire cultural relativism and spread the attitude of multiculturalism. For country like Malaysia, culture is learned, practiced and shared through cultural diffusion. Many have learned that Malaysia is rich with diversity of races ranging from Malays, Chinese, Indians, and Bumiputera however very few people understand who Malaysians are. True enough that we are separated by different culture and beliefs. Though the mode of celebration, the dates and the traditions vary, the spirit remains as one Malaysia. Well, the most amazing thing to us is that we accepted appreciation, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultures, whether of a specific place, organizational level, schools, businesses, neighborhoods, cities or nations. In this sense, Malaysia is actually experiencing multiculturalism which approximates to respect for diversity. The fact to be understood...
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...rural tourism 7 5. The future growth of rural tourism in Malaysia 7 6. Banghuris homestay, Selangor 8 7. Conclusion 10 8. References 11 1. Introduction Rural tourism in Malaysia usually there is a lot of rural families, which equips with assets distinctive and varied. In addition to that rural tourism is a famous and beloved among tourists, where tourists can be more relax and see some of the rural traditions and identify the nature of rural life. Therefore, these factors make rural tourism loveable and desirable have a lot of tourists for the valuable information that attract the tourists in order to know this tourism more (Songan, et al., 2014). In fact at the mention of rural tourism, it is significant to refer to the homestay in Malaysia. Homestay is considered one of the important inputs for the country because it brought attention to a lot of foreign tourists and locals as well. In fact, the Ministry of Tourism of Malaysian government in 1988 approved the homestay project and it being considered an important factor in the strategy of the country, where bring a lot of benefits and is considered an important stewardship of the country. In fact, there are two types of the homestay offers in Malaysia. One of the homestay type is a comfortable guest house that will be rented from the owner of the house depends on the demand either daily, weekly, or monthly. In addition, it is a new industry in Malaysia, whereas the number of the owners...
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...Transportation in Malaysia INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to define the transportation system and its assets in Malaysia providing a brief history of the country’s transportation and examine the different means through which passengers and goods are moved from one place to another with emphasis on technology development and its overall impact on transportation. The paper will also explore the Malaysian culture looking at the origin of multiculturalism and how its broad acceptance has contributed to a better atmosphere of harmony resulting into a peaceful practice of desired religions. Further, the paper will analyze the role of government in the area of education, and the impact of technology on Malaysian culture in general. Finally, the paper will describe the moral and ethical issues associated with technology and how Malaysia addresses them. History of Malaysia’s transportation system The gateway to any society is better transportation and Malaysia is a country that has been improving on its transportation beginnings. Understanding the definition of the transportation system will provide clarity of the different system designs, structures, and capabilities set in place to meet specific transportation needs of the Malaysian people whether it is by land, air, and water. Asianinfo.org states “Malaysia’s road system, which was begun during British colonization, is extensive and covers about 63,455km.” The road systems length spans 39,429...
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...Over the past few decades, Malaysia has experienced both growth and decline economically. Relying mainly on exports, this country is predicted to experience a more stable growth period between the years 2011-2015. GDP is predicted to increase in the future years and investments in the country will be the main factor of this economic growth (Economic Forecast, 2011). With a population of 28.3 million and an expected population growth rate of 1.7%, this country provides an excellent opportunity for exporters looking to invest in another country by way of goods and services (Profile, 2011). In order for exports in Malaysia to be successful however, one must understand the values and subcultures Malays possess in order to market to them appropriately. This report will focus on the influences of these concepts on the behaviour of Malaysian consumers in comparison to Australian consumers. This report will also highlight the importance of understanding certain cultural differences and their implications for marketers if Australia is to export goods and services to Malaysia. Religious Subcultures The concept of subcultures, more specifically religious subcultures, is an important aspect of consumer behaviour to consider. Strongly held religious beliefs and customs can exert a significant influence upon the values people hold. These values may include choosing to adopt a simple and humble existence devoid of materialism or choosing to lead a lifestyle that balances simplicity and materialism...
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