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CHAPTER – I

GRAND PROJECT ON CURRENCY DERIVATIVES

NANCY SHAH – PROJECT TRAINEE

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO CURRENCY MARKETS

2.1 BASIC FOREIGN EXCHANGE DEFINITIONS

Spot: Foreign exchange spot trading is buying one currency with a different currency for immediate delivery.
The standard settlement convention for Foreign Exchange Spot trades is T+2 days, i.e., two business days from the date of trade.

Forward Outright: A foreign exchange forward is a contract between two counterparties to exchange one currency for another on any day after spot. In this transaction, money does not actually change hands until some agreed upon future date. The duration of the trade can be a few days, months or years. For most major currencies, three business days or more after deal date would constitute a forward transaction

Base Currency / Terms Currency: In foreign exchange markets, the base currency is the first currency in a currency pair. The second currency is called as the terms currency. Exchange rates are quoted in per unit of the base currency. E.g. The expression US Dollar–Rupee, tells you that the US Dollar is being quoted in terms of the Rupee. The US Dollar is the base currency and the Rupee is the terms currency.
Exchange rates are constantly changing, which means that the value of one currency in terms of the other is constantly in flux. Changes in rates are expressed as strengthening or weakening of one currency vis-à-vis the other currency. Changes are also expressed as appreciation or depreciation of one currency in terms of the other currency. Whenever the base currency buys more of the terms currency, the base currency has strengthened / appreciated and the terms currency has weakened / depreciated. E.g. If US Dollar–Rupee moved from 43.00 to 43.25, the US Dollar has appreciated and the Rupee has depreciated.

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