...and profits. But now, marketers tend to regard satisfying customer needs as one of the key elements of achieving success under contemporary marketing environment where is filled with fierce competition. This indicates that many firms nowadays always attempt to identify customer needs and concentrate its production and strategies on customer demand in order to survive in the market. This essay will firstly clarify the reasons behind the trend, which is followed by discussing the merits and demerits of an organization put an emphasis on current demand of their customers through analyzing Tesco’s customer-oriented marketing strategy, and finally ascertain future challenges for such organizations. There are mainly two reasons behind the fact that a growing number of companies choose to become customer-oriented rather than product-oriented or profit-oriented. First, with the increasingly intensive competition, it is necessary for companies to ensure durable competitive strengths in the market. According to Talpau and Boscor, customers are the heart of companies’ marketing strategy (Talpau, A., and Boscor, D., 2011, p.51). In other words, if a company can retain existing customers while gaining new customers, it will be a competitive edge of this company. Moreover, these days customers have become much more empowered due to the fierce market competition. Therefore, it is vital for companies to meet the expectations of customers in order to attract and retain them which helps companies...
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...of products. However, in order for this approach to work, it has to rely on external environment conditions, such as import policies, industrial relations, tax policies and barriers to entry & exit, to be favorable. Also, all products have competition, since they are all fighting for a share of their customers. In short, the ability of these firms to operate profitably is not within their control. Another strategy a firm could employ is the product strategy. This would ordinarily entail taking advantage of a population growing in number and purchasing power. The firm in this case makes money by selling consumers high quality, durable products at slightly higher prices; the sales revenues will be slightly lower but good sales margins will ensure profitability. This model works especially well for clothes, electronics and other household goods. However, in order for a firm using this approach to remain profitable in the long run, the consumer base has to always grow in population and affluence. Any economic & political conditions changes may pose a threat to this. An organization may also take a customer oriented marketing strategy. According to this approach, the customer is the most important...
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...Colter Rohm, Steven Py 09/06/2015 Business 110 B Dr. Rich Module B A. Suppose you are a project manager using a waterfall development–based methodology on a large and complex project. Your manager has just read the latest article in Computerworld that advocates replacing this methodology with prototyping and comes to you requesting that you switch. What would you say? A: We would say no. I think it is best if the project manager to keep using the waterfall methodology. The project is said to be large and complex. The prototype methodology is more favorable to smaller scale projects because you will create and get your prototype reviewed by decision makers countless of times before you get the pass for the project. Waterfall methodology is a long process but we think it will be better than switching to prototyping because it is new and we do not have much experience with it. B. The basic types of methodologies discussed in this chapter can be combined and integrated to form new hybrid methodologies. Suppose you were to combine throwaway prototyping with the use of waterfall development. What would the methodology look like? Draw a picture (similar to those in Figures 1–2 through 1–7). How would this new methodology compare to the others? A: Attached on end of this Module. C. Look on the web for different kinds of job opportunities that are available for people who want analyst positions? Compare and contrast the skills that the ads ask for to the skills that...
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... Email: aseefahmed@gmail.com 3 URL: www.webtechnology.wordpress.com JOB EXPERIENCE Marks & Spencer: ♣ Job Designation Sales Assistant ♣ Job Responsibilities -Face-to-face customer service. -Assuring quality and bringing faulty or damaged stock or delivery discrepancies to the attention of the Stockroom Supervisor. -Keeping the store and stock room neat and tide -To work as part of the delivery team in order to ensure all deliveries are actioned on time and to Company standard through -Ensuring security and Health and Safety awareness at right level ♣ Job Duration -2th Dec, 2011- Current BJIT: Bangladesh Japan IT ♣ Job Designation Software Engineer ♣ Job Responsibilities Web development under a framework using PHP/MySQL(LAMP), CakePHP(Framework), AJAX, JSON, JS, DHTML, CSS etc. Database Design Site Maintenance ♣ Job Duration Since 4th March, 2008 EVOKNOW: An American web based software development firm ♣ Job Designation Software Engineer ♣ Job Responsibilities Web development under a framework using PHP/MySQL, AJAX, JSON, JS, DHTML, CSS, SMARTY etc. Site Maintenance ♣ Job Duration 1 year GSM International: An USA based customer care center ♣ Job Responsibilities Online Advertisement Online Marketing Customer Dealings ♣ Job Duration 3 months CAREER OBJECTIVE To be a smart & innovative person who can incorporate new idea, technology, knowledge, experience & productivity for constructive involvement towards...
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...d1.1 Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around "objects" rather than "actions" and data rather than logic. Historically, a program has been viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes it, and produces output data. Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that uses abstraction (in the form of classes and objects) to create models based on the real world environment. An object-oriented application uses a collection of objects, which communicate by passing messages to request services. Objects are capable of passing messages, receiving messages, and processing data. The aim of object-oriented programming is to try to increase the flexibility and maintainability of programs. Because programs created using an OO language are modular, they can be easier to develop, and are simpler to understand after development. The characteristics of object oriented programming are as follows: 1. Class A class is a blueprint, or prototype, that defines the variables (data) and the methods (operations) common to all objects of a certain kind. 2. Object Objects are the basic run time entities in an object oriented system. They may represent a person, a, place, a bank account, a table of data or any item that the program has to handle. Objects take up space in memory and have an associated address like record in Pascal, or a structure in C. 3. Encapsulation The act of placing data and the operations that performs...
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...An important tool in object oriented development is the concept of use case modeling. This modeling tool necessitates an external view of an organization or the MIS services of organization from the perspective of an actor. An actor can be an external entity such as a customer or vendor, or an internal entity such as a manager or end user. This paper discusses use case modeling as an important planning framework in management information system courses. Definitions of important terms are provided. Techniques are presented for employing use case modeling in reengineering and global case studies. A simple example of a college registration system and a more complex example of a global case study are presented.An important tool in object oriented development is the concept of use case modeling. This modeling tool necessitates an external view of an organization or the MIS services of organization from the perspective of an actor. An actor can be an external entity such as a customer or vendor, or an internal entity such as a manager or end user. This paper discusses use case modeling as an important planning framework in management information system courses. Definitions of important terms are provided. Techniques are presented for employing use case modeling in reengineering and global case studies. A simple example of a college registration system and a more complex example of a global case study are presented.An important tool in object oriented development is the concept of use...
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...part of a Service Oriented Architecture. Developing Service Oriented Architecture applications from an enterprise architecture standpoint necessitates that all these development frameworks be documented and inserted in the reference guides delivered to each designer. With the traditional stovepipe application tactic, all of the applications are fabricated with their individually implanted security. Part of security for these applications is to necessitate the user to sign in to achieve access. Then the application would regulate what an authenticated user was certified to use by restricting the functionality through different apparatuses, including screen masks, database record locks, and distinct roles. Within a Service Oriented Architecture application development model, the required security has to be designed so that it can provide authentication services and authorization services to any of the Service Oriented Architecture components in the Service Oriented Architecture that requires them. According to the studies that are available it is projected that ninety percent of the external attacks on applications will be because of security vulnerabilities and misconfigured systems. Even though it is not possible to develop applications that will be one hundred percent secure there are useful approaches recommended for analyzing threats, susceptibilities, and risk (Achkoski, Trajkovik, & Dojchinovski, 2011). Then the security mechanisms for a Service Oriented Architecture based...
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...able to limit errors during data entry by users. 3. The system should provide a high level security for transactions 4. The system should be able to accept data from users through use of interface and interactive forms. 5. The system should allow management of loans which includes creation, modification and deletion of the loans records within the system. 3.1.2Nonfunctional requirements Usability The loans processing System strives to be as simple and intuitive as possible. The interface will be easy to understand and use, for different users with different access to the system’s services. Customers having laptops with internet connectivity will be able to access loans processing system. Customers using cell phones are able to see the amount awarded and interest rates charged. Reliability As a web-based system, the loan processing System will be very reliable. The customers will be able to access it with ease and get all the information with less complexity. Performance Performance for any web application should be as high as possible. When working with a cell phone, only the most necessary data is sent. Because there is very little searching the system shouldn’t see much lag. Because the interface will be visually simple, the time to information will be based largely on database queries, keeping wait times to a minimum. Supportability If an error occurs in the system, the user is notified and given the option to submit the error to the server. The error is logged...
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...Development Life Cycle approaches—a predictive approach and an adaptive approach. The second important concept is that there are two types of development methodologies—a structured approach and an object-oriented approach. These are two separate concepts. Projects can be any mix of these two approaches, the approach to the life cycle and the approach to the methodology—predictive with structured, predictive with object-oriented, adaptive with structured, or adaptive with object-oriented. The chapter first presents and explains the differences in the life cycle approach—the predictive and the adaptive approaches. These two approaches are really a continuum and any give project may have elements of both approaches. The predictive approach to the SDLC is used for projects that are well understood and low risk. The adaptive approach to the SDLC is used for projects that are not well understood and are higher risk. Adaptive SDLCs are more iterative and allow the project team to adapt the project to changing circumstances. The other important concept that you should learn from this chapter are the difference between the two main methodologies to system development that are currently used to develop business systems: the structured approach and the object-oriented approach. The object-oriented approach refers to system development using newer object technologies that require a different approach to analysis, design, and programming. Finally the chapter concludes with a discussion of...
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...as well as older apartments, with the latter taking place on a yearly basis. The firm requires a system to help facilitate and manage the inspection process, as well as produce the necessary reports for the benefit of management and clients. The intended users of the system are administrators, engineers and managers. In addition to a working system which provides the necessary functionality, the firm is a strong proponent of the object oriented paradigm and therefore has stipulated that the system be developed using object oriented programming concepts. 3.0 Objectives of this Coursework Develop the practical ability to describe, justify and implement an object-oriented system. Research and present a contemporary object oriented topic 4.0 Learning Outcomes At the end of this coursework you should be able to: • Understand the techniques of object oriented design • Develop hands on programming skills in developing Java applications • Design and implement object oriented software systems • Select appropriate object oriented techniques to solve software development problems 5.0 Type Individual assignment 6.0 Coursework Description INSPECT-RICALS engineers engage in two kinds of activity, new electrical installations and periodic inspection. The latter is a full inspection of a property's...
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...Object Oriented System Software Engineering with JAVA Coursework The coursework is 50% of the assessment for the module. Learning Outcomes Have a through knowledge of one object orientated method down to detailed design. Have the experience to implement an object oriented design in an object oriented language. Assessment Criteria IMPORTANT: This is an individual assignment, all submitted components must be your own work or appropriately accredited. The assignment is scenario based (see attached scenario). You are encouraged to make any assumptions you deem necessary when analyzing he requirements outlined in the scenario, however, these must be clearly stated in the report. Your report should address the following three tasks: Task 1: Design the system required using the UML method. Task 2: Implement the system (or part of , see Grading below) using JAVA. Task 3: Objectively evaluate your solution including an appraisal of the suitability of UML and JAVA as tools for implementing object oriented solutions. Deliverable • You should submit a hard-copy and an electronic copy of the assignment • The submission should not be longer that 40 pages including diagrams but excluding the Appendices. • Instructions on how to install and run the program should be provided in an Appendix. Grading Distinction-Grade A (70%) To achieve a Distinction, you must successfully meet all of the criteria for a Merit and Task 1 • The design is comprehensive identifying...
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...Service Oriented Architecture Introduction: Defining SOA Service oriented architecture is a reliable software architecture that generates many positives for business activities. This software design principle is implemented into many organizations to connect multiple clients with the wide range of business functions. Service oriented architecture is becoming more popular among enterprises that will eventually become enthused by the benefits and importance this application has to offer. SOA is essentially a cluster of services that take part in communication with one another. It’s important to become acquainted with the definition of services. First of all the service portion of the architecture includes the key components of software code that’s shared throughout the architecture. The service part of SOA is referred to the self reliant function that does not need to obtain dependence from other services. SOA can be used in conjunction with web services. The primary functions of both SOA and web services are to make the SOA more mainstream for users with productive initiatives, in result that will make it more useful for web services. Web services are centrally concerned with technology specifications, while the service oriented architecture pinpoints the software importances. Service oriented architecture is a viable asset to the technology world for bringing value to those businesses...
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...Object Oriented Approach to Virtual Grocery Shopping Object Oriented Approach to Virtual Grocery Shopping 2011 J.D. Yost, Matt Gauthier, Ray Manalo, Shaw Ryan VF, LLC 6/25/2011 2011 J.D. Yost, Matt Gauthier, Ray Manalo, Shaw Ryan VF, LLC 6/25/2011 | | | | | | Table of Contents Table of Figures 3 1. Introduction 3 2. Project Scope 3 2.1. Context Diagram 4 3. Overview of Solution 4 4. UML Diagrams 6 4.1. Virtual Foods Use Case Diagram 6 4.2. Virtual Foods System Sequence Diagrams 8 4.2.1. Create New Account 8 4.2.2. Create New Order 8 4.2.3. Process Payment 9 4.2.4. View Order 9 4.2.5. Fill Customer Order 10 4.2.6. Deliver Order 10 4.2.7. Check Order Status 11 4.2.8. Update Order Status 11 4.2.9. Access Customer Account 12 4.2.10. Delete Account 12 4.3. Virtual Foods Class Diagram 13 4.4. Virtual Foods State Diagram 14 4.4.1. Order Process 14 4.4.2. Ordering via Website 14 4.4.3. Customer Account Created 14 4.5. Virtual Foods Gen/Spec Diagram 15 4.6. Three Tier Diagram 16 4.7. Data Flow Diagram 16 4.8. Whole – Part Diagram 17 5. Java Programming Code 17 6. Summary 19 Table of Figures Figure 1 Context Diagram - Defining Scope 4 Figure 4.2 Use Case Diagram - Virtual Foods System 6 Figure 4.2.1 SSD - Create New Account 7 Figure 4.2.2 SSD - Create New Order 7 Figure 4.2.3 SSD - Process Payment 8 Figure 4.2.4 SSD - View Order 8 Figure 4.2.5 SSD -...
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...[Chapter 6]: Review Questions Question 1: What is object-oriented analysis, and what are some advantages of using this technique? O-O (Object-Oriented) analysis describes an information system by identifying things called objects that combine data and processes with the use of various O-O diagrams depicting system actors, methods and messages. Advantages: Integrates easily with O-O programming languages.Code is modular and reusable, which can reduce costs and development times.Easy to maintain and expand as new objects can be cloned using inherited properties.Disadvantages: Somewhat newer method might be less familiar to development team members.Interaction of objects and classes can be complex in larger systems. Question 2: Define an object and give an example. An object represents a real person, place, event or transaction and possesses characteristics called properties (which the object either possesses on it's own or inherits from it's class) and attributes (which are the characteristics that describe the object). For example: When a patient makes an appointment to see a doctor, the patient is an object, the doctor is an object and the appointment is an object. Question 3: Define an attribute and give an example. An attribute is a single characteristic or fact about an entity. An attribute, or field, is the smallestpiece of data that has meaning within an information system. In an O-O analysis, an attribute is part of a class diagram that describes the characteristics of...
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...languages thus tends to look like that machine. But computers are not so much machines as they are mind amplification tools (“bicycles for the mind,” as Steve Jobs is fond of saying) and a different kind of expressive medium. As a result, the tools are beginning to look less like machines and more like parts of our minds, and also like other forms of expression such as writing, painting, sculpture, animation, and filmmaking. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is part of this movement toward using the computer as an expressive medium. This chapter will introduce you to the basic concepts of OOP, including an overview of development methods. This chapter, and this book, assumes that you have some programming experience, although not necessarily in C. If you think you need more preparation in programming before tackling this book, you should work through the Thinking in C multimedia seminar, downloadable from www.MindView.net. This chapter is background and supplementary material. Many people do not feel comfortable wading into object-oriented programming without understanding the big picture first. Thus, there are many concepts that are introduced here to give you a solid overview of OOP. However, other people may not get the big picture concepts until they’ve seen some of the mechanics first; these people may become bogged down and lost without some code to get their hands...
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