Free Essay

Cystic Fibrosis Case Study

In: Science

Submitted By kmwilson7
Words 1660
Pages 7
“Cystic Fibrosis”

Pediatric Case Study

March 27, 2013

Kasie Wilson

The name cystic fibrosis refers to the characteristic scarring (fibrosis) and cyst formation within the pancreas, first recognized in the 1930s. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major cause of serious chronic lung disease in children. It is an inherited recessive trait, in which both parents carry a gene for the disease. Children with cystic fibrosis have a defect in chromosome number seven, which is thought to have developed many years ago as a protective response of the human body against cholera (just a theory). The disease causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body such as the pancreas, liver, and intestine. It also causes a loss of electrolytes in sweat because of an abnormal chloride movement. About one thousand new cases of cystic fibrosis are diagnosed each year and more than seventy percent of these patients are diagnosed by the age of two. Cystic fibrosis is considered a multisystem disease because of the following effects of the thick, viscid secretions. In the respiratory system, small and large airways are obstructed, which then results in difficulty breathing. The accumulation and stasis of the secretions create a medium of growth for organisms that will cause repeated respiratory infections. The thick secretions in the lungs and response of tissues to infections cause hypoxia that can lead to heart failure. Emphysema, wheezes, and respiratory distress are also common. These thickened secretions also prevent the digestive enzymes from flowing to the gastrointestinal tract, so there is poor absorption of food and general growth failure. The stools will usually appear bulky, frothy, and foul smelling due to the undigested fat content. Impaction of feces can possibly cause rectal prolapse; pancreatic, liver, and biliary obstruction may also occur. The loss of electrolytes (sodium and chloride) through the sweat causes a salty skin surface. This predisposes the child to electrolyte imbalances, especially during the hot weather; keeping the child hydrated is essential. Another problem with having thickened secretions is that it may also decrease sperm motility; thick cervical mucus can inhibit the sperm from reaching the fallopian tubes, which is the most common site of fertilization. Cystic fibrosis signs and symptoms will vary, depending on the severity of the disease. Even in the same person, symptoms may worsen or improve as time passes. In some children, symptoms begin during infancy. Other people may not experience symptoms until adolescence or adulthood. In some U.S. states, doctors may screen all newborns for cystic fibrosis with a blood test. However, the blood test is not as sensitive as a sweat test. As a result, the condition is diagnosed within the first month of life, before symptoms develop. In some cases they will perform a genetic analysis of blood samples to confirm a diagnosis; about ninety percent of people are diagnosed using this method. Most of the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis affect the respiratory system or the digestive system. There are several complications that go along with cystic fibrosis. It is often responsible for rectal prolapse in infants and children partly due to poor muscle tone in the rectal area and because of the excessive leanness of the buttocks of the child. A vitamin A deficiency may develop because of the child’s inability to absorb fats from which this vitamin is obtained. Sexual development may be delayed in these patients; males are generally sterile, and females may experience amenorrhea during any exacerbations. As the disease progresses, the liver may become hard, nodular, and enlarged. Cor pulmonale, heart strain caused by improper lung function, is often a cause of death. In some newborns, the first sign of cystic fibrosis may be that they have difficulty passing their first bowel movement (meconium). This occurs when the meconium becomes so thick that it can't move through the intestines, sometimes causing a blockage. Parents may later notice their baby is not gaining weight or growing normally. The baby's stools may be especially bulky, foul-smelling, and greasy due to poor digestion of fats. Other signs in newborns may include frequent lung (respiratory) infections, coughing and wheezing, and salty tasting sweat. People with cystic fibrosis tend to have two to five times the normal amount of salt in their sweat. Parents sometimes notice this symptom of cystic fibrosis first, because they taste the salt when they kiss their child. As the child gets older they may also have many of these symptoms. Growth delays often continue, in result kids with cystic fibrosis tend to be significantly smaller than others their age. They may experience shortness of breath and have difficulty with exercise. Persistent coughing and/or wheezing are other possible symptoms, especially when accompanied by frequent chest and sinus infections with recurring pneumonia or bronchitis. Parents should be aware that the child has thickened secretions which can cause an airway obstruction; however, infants and young children will often swallow what they cough up, so parents may not be aware of it or pay much attention. Some people with cystic fibrosis develop polyps in their nasal passages. They may experience severe or chronic sinusitis, as well as pancreatitis. Clubbing of the fingertips and toes eventually occurs in most people with cystic fibrosis, due to hypoxia. Children (usually older than age four) sometimes have intussusceptions; when this happens, one part of the intestine is displaced into another part of the intestine. The intestine telescopes into itself, like a radio or TV antenna. Frequent coughing or hard-to-pass stools can occasionally cause part of the rectum to protrude, or stick out, through the anus; this is known as rectal prolapse. In some cases, rectal prolapse is the first noticeable sign of cystic fibrosis. It's not very common in children without cystic fibrosis, but it does occur. Because the pancreas controls the level of sugar in the blood, a small percentage of people with cystic fibrosis may also develop type-one diabetes (formerly called juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes). There is no known cure for cystic fibrosis at the time. Fortunately, many treatments exist and are available for the symptoms and complications. Three main goals of treating cystic fibrosis: (1) prevent and treat infections, (2) keep the airways and lungs as clear as possible, (3) maintain adequate calories and nutrition. We can accomplish these goals with the following methods: • Immunizations - Cystic fibrosis does not affect the immune system itself, but children with cystic fibrosis are more likely to develop complications when they become sick. Parents should make certain that their child receives the pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. • Enzymes - For digestive problems, people with cystic fibrosis can take enzymes by mouth with meals to help them digest food and get the nutrients they need. Vitamin supplements and a high-calorie diet are also good to include in the plan of care. • Antibiotics - Oral and intravenous antibiotics have made antibiotic therapy available on an outpatient basis. Aerosolized antibiotics that can be inhaled, such as tobramycin (Tobi), allow medication to reach directly into a person's airways (locally). The drawbacks to long-term antibiotic therapy include the development of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. • Bronchial airway drainage - Other ways to loosen mucus include regular exercise and drinking lots of fluids. Chest physical therapy is also an important part of the treatment routine. People with cystic fibrosis need a way to physically remove thick mucus from their lungs. Postural drainage, percussion, and messaging are ways to successfully loosen the mucous. Other people use an electric chest clapper, also known as a mechanical percussor. Both adults and children with cystic fibrosis need to have bronchial airway drainage at least twice a day for 20 to 30 minutes. Older children and adults can learn to do these themselves, especially if they use mechanical aids such as vests and percussors. • Insulin shots – insulin is only needed if the pancreas stops producing insulin of its own. • Other medications – Theophyline (bronchodilator), steroid inhalers and NSAIDs to help with the inflammation, mucus thinning drugs such as dornase alfa or Pulmozyme, are administered directly to the airways through a nebulizer to break up the secretions. Doctors may also prescribe additional bronchodilators such as albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin). • Oxygen therapy - This treatment may be required as the disease progresses. • Lung and/or liver transplants - In some cases, lung transplants have extended the lives of people with cystic fibrosis. Although it is rarer for a person with cystic fibrosis to need a liver transplant, the procedure can also be beneficial.

People living with cystic fibrosis must follow a regular treatment routine to stay healthy and maintain optimal lung function. Established in 1955, The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation is the leader in the search for a cure for this disease. They fund more cystic fibrosis research than any other organization in the world, and nearly all the cystic fibrosis drugs available today was made possible because of Foundation and support from people. Years ago, children that were born with cystic fibrosis barely lived long enough to attend elementary school, but within the last fifteen years or so research and the development of new drugs to treat the symptoms of the disease, have made it possible for these individuals to live well into their late thirties or forties.

Bibliography

Woodrow, Ruth. Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Occupations Sixth Edition. NY: Delmar, 2012

Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company, 2009

Timby, Barbara K. Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing 10th edition, Philadelphia: LWW, 2010

Leifer. Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Sixth Edition. Elsevier. 2011
Klossner Jayne N., MSN, RNC Introductory Maternity Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006
“Cystic Fibrosis” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis, march 05, 2013

“How to Treat Cystic Fibrosis With Mucus-Thinning Drugs” http://www.ehow.com/how_2095068_treat-cystic-fibrosis-mucusthinning-drugs.html

“CF” http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cystic-fibrosis/DS00287/DSECTION=symptoms, march 05, 2013

“Cystic Fibrosis” http://www.chp.edu/CHP/cystic+fibrosis , march 05, 2013

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Cystic Fibrosis Case Studies

...Cystic Fibrosis is a chronic disease that requires lifelong treatment starting at birth. By the age of 6, most CF patients know their course of treatment but that does not mean that their fear and anxiety of their treatment is obsolete. The following are interventions that can be specifically used with CF patients. Preparation. Preparation is a primary intervention used by CCLS to educate and prepare a family and patient for procedures. As previously discussed, CF patients go through many distressing procedures, and preparation can help to minimize the stress/anxiety felt by a CF patient or parent (Thompson, 2009a). CCLS can facilitate preparation by using medical play dolls to demonstrate procedures (if the child is information-seeking),...

Words: 663 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Current Research on Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Suggests That It Will Become an Important Treatment Strategy

...Current research on cystic fibrosis gene therapy suggests that it will become an important treatment strategy INTRODUCTION: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease, triggered by mutation in the gene CFTR i.e. cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. CFTR is an ABC gene i-e ATP-binding cassette (transporter) gene that encodes a protein. This CFTR protein is a chloride ion channel protein that controls the flow of chloride ions and water across the cells. This movement is important in generating sweat, digestive juices, as well as mucus secretion and its clearance. This CFTR gene is located at q 31.2 locus of chromosome 7 long arm. The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis is removal of three nucleotides that results in loss of a nucleotide phenylalanine (F) at 508th position at the long arm of chromosome 7. Depending upon the protein expression and function six classes of mutations have been identified in cystic fibrosis: CLASS I: these are non-sense mutations that hinder the protein synthesis as they have premature stop codons. CLASS II: these mutations are most commonly found in patients of cystic fibrosis that include the deletions of phenylalanine 508th del. As a result of this deletion, protein folding is reduced and as a result its transport to cell surface is impaired and it undergoes degradation within the cellular lysosomes. CLASS III: in these mutations, proteins are normally present but are not expressed to a level that responds to intracellular...

Words: 2600 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Cystic Fibrosis

...Section 3 T.A. - Sheree Speckman November 15, 2011 Introduction: Cystic Fibrosis is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children and young adults. It is an inherited deadly disorder that affects Caucasians in the United States. Cystic fibrosis of CF is a disease that is caused by a defected gene, which causes the lungs to build up with an abnormally thick and sticky fluid, or mucus. This mucus affects the lungs obstructing breathing along with also affecting the pancreas, causing poor absorption of nutrients. For my family Cystic Fibrosis is a well-known disease, because my Aunt Rae Ellen died of it back in 1962. The history of Cystic Fibrosis dates back into the mid-17th century where it was first known as a child who had become bewitched. Advances in cystic fibrosis began to pick up in the 1940s. Children with CF are normally diagnosed by the age of 2 and now can live to around the age of 40. There are many different symptoms that come along with this disease. There are different symptoms related to newborns, bowel functions, lungs, and later in life. The most common symptoms seem to be coughing or increased mucus in the lungs and salty-tasting skin. People with cystic fibrosis have mutations on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which reduces the ability of chloride ions to travel across cell membranes. There is no way to prevent Cystic Fibrosis but there are ways to deal with it and have a quality life with it....

Words: 2597 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Literature Review Proposal

...Course: Date: Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) refers to an inherited problem of the mucus glands. Mucus is a substance that is usually slippery secreted by the body to cover the digestive system, lungs, and reproductive system as well as other tissues and organs. CF makes the body to release excessive mucus that is extremely thick and sticky, which can cause various health issues. Among these health issues are difficulty in coughing, chest repetitive infections, lengthy diarrhea and deprived gain of weight. If the condition is not treated it would cause extensive complications, which may lead to early death. Nevertheless, if the condition is identified early and the child is exposed to proper treatment, the symptoms of CF are controllable and children may live longer. Different authors have different views on CF as they all try to get into a conclusion on how the health condition should be resolved. Since CF is inherited, the defective gene must be passed from both the parents to the child in order to acquire the disease else if only a faulty gene is inherited, the child becomes a carrier. Actually carries of cystic fibrosis do not have the disease but can pass to other individuals. There are proposals on improvements as well as challenges in executing the CF treatment process. The paper discusses the proposal below. Literature Review According to Norm Brown (2009), the gene responsible for CF was identified and it was named Cystic Fibrosis Trans-membrane Conductance...

Words: 1606 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Cystic Fibrosis/ Speaker Notes

...Adult Client with Childhood Disease-Cystic Fibrosis Candace Tiley GCU RN-BSN Health Assessment NRS-434V Kathy Karlberg August 01, 2013 Adult Client with Childhood Disease-Cystic Fibrosis CLC GROUP ASSIGNMENT-SPEAKER NOTES Candace Tiley #1- A clinical description and definition of the disease Definition: Cystic Fibrosis is one of the major life-threatening disorders that affect vital organs such as the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestines. It is a genetic disorder of the exocrine glands, also called the secretory glands, which are the glands that produce and secrete mucus and sweat. CF affects all races but primarily affects Caucasians of European descent. This disease affects about 30,000 people in the United States and 70,000 people worldwide. In the U.S. nearly 5% of the population carries the defective CFTR gene. There are a high number of asymptomatic carriers. (Scott, 2013) Cystic Fibrosis causes severe damages to cells of the body that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices. Under normal conditions, these secretions from the body are usually thin and slippery. However, in people diagnosed with CF, the defective gene causes the secretions to become thicker and stickier. This leads to a plugging up of tubes, ducts and passageways, particularly in the lungs, sinuses, pancreas, intestines, hepato-biliary tree, and the vas deferens. (Hopkin, 2009) Cystic Fibrosis is characterized by abnormal movement of chloride and sodium ions across the epithelial...

Words: 2526 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Assesment

...Williams. Dr. Williams failed to approach and gain Juan’s confidence and ignored the child only to deal with the parents. Juan’s parents encouraged Dr. Williams to contact Juan’s primary doctors so that he could understand Juan’s medical needs. Juan is dealing with Cystic Fibrosis and other birth defects that were not mentioned. Juan is expressing social problems which are causing concern to his parents. Dr. Williams felt that he could “alter Juan’s angry behaviors with a Standard Behavioral Intervention” (case study video) Dr. Williams felt that a standard behavioral intervention was the next step for Juan without even explaining what that was to Juan’s parents. Juan’s parents were a no-show for the next appointment and Dr. Williams was not bothered by this. Dr. Williams failed to implement the Five General Principals: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence , Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity. Treatment Plan: Evaluation/ Symptoms/Treatment/Diagnosis/Application of Therapy Clinical Interview with Parents of Juan: Juan male age 15 from the Dominic Republic. Parents are expressing concern of social problems and disabilities with their son. Juan has Cystic Fibrosis and other birth defects. Evaluation will need to take place with Juan and his parents as well as alone with Juan, so that Juan can feel comfortable to be able to have a rapport. Forms: Parents have been given medical release, medical consent to treat...

Words: 784 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Gene Therapy Target Cystic Fibrosis

...Cystic fibrosis, also known as mucoviscidosis, is an autosomal recessive disorder.1,2,22 It is the most common inherited disease in the Caucasian population affecting 1 in 3000 children in Western Europe.3 It is a multiorgan disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 7 and encodes for a special chloride ion channel.4,5 The vast majority of mutations involve three or fewer nucleotides and result in primarily amino acid substitutions, frameshifts, splice site, or nonsense mutations.11 Of more than 800 identified CFTR mutations, the 3 base pair deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 is found worldwide in 70% of cystic fibrosis sufferers, therefore making F508 CFTR the most common deadly mutant in the Caucasian populations.6 Since cystic fibrosis has a genetic origin the opportunity to treat by replacing the defective gene with a normal healthy gene (gene therapy) offers a ‘novel therapeutic approach’ for sufferers.7 The estimated survival age of cystic fibrosis sufferers is 33.4 years (Fig 1). In this essay we will discuss the aetiology and symptoms of cystic fibrosis and the current available treatments, with particular emphasis on gene therapy and furanones, which prevent the build up of bacterial biofilms and thus reduce lung infection. Mutations in the CF gene can disrupt CFTR function within epithelial cells in different ways, ranging from complete loss...

Words: 2257 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Ill Health

...life can be affected by ill-health. In this assignment I will be discussing how cystic fibrosis and obesity affects the health and lifestyle of the person with the illnesses. What is cystic fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis is an example of ill health, as it is the UK’s most common, life threatening disorder. It is a genetic disorder that is caused by ‘an inherited disease caused by a faulty gene. In the UK, 2.3 million people carry the faulty gene and when two people that are carriers of the gene, there is a 1 in 4 chance in every pregnancy that their child will be born with cystic fibrosis. This gene controls the movement of salt and water in and out of your cells, so the lungs and digestive system become clogged with mucus, making it hard to breathe and digest food.’ This faulty gene causes a variety of symptoms for the person with the disorder, some of these symptoms include: a persistent cough, poor weight gain and recurring chest and lung infections. The cells most seriously affected are the lung cells, this is because the over production of mucus clogs the airways of the lungs and increases the risk of infection due to the amount of bacteria that can reproduce which may lead to lung and heart failure. Cystic fibrosis is a disorder that is getting more treatable over the years and with newfound technology and medication has meant that ’life expectancy for children born and diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) in 2010 is 37 years for females and 40 years for males’ Lewis, R (2014)...

Words: 2561 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Cystic Fibrosis

...Cystic Fibrosis Latisha Long HCS/245 March 26, 2012 Cathy Coyle Cystic Fibrosis In today’s society there are many diseases out there. It is to contract these diseases by coming in contact with a carrier. People who are into sharing dirty needles, having unprotected sex, or not being able to maintain a healthy and clean environment, can become infected with these transferable diseases. There are some diseases out there that you can inherit; one in particular that stands out is Cystic Fibrosis (CF). CF is a life threating disease; there are 1,000 new cases each year. With the new treatments and studies, people are living longer with CF. Before people with CF were only living into the early years of their childhood, and now they are living well past their 30s. CF is an inherited disease that affects the lungs and digestive system. A defective gene and its protein cause the body to produce an abundance of thick sticky mucus in the lungs. The production of this mucus causes the lungs to clog and can lead to life threating infections. CF can also cause the pancreas to obstruct and stop enzymes, which allows the body to absorb and breakdown food. This can cause slow growth and malnutrition in the body, and the sticky mucus can block the airway which makes it difficult to breath causing this disease to be life threatening. People with CF have shorter life expectancy, because of the way CF controls the body. The treatment for CF is improving every day...

Words: 1105 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

In Vitro Fertilization-Advantagesand Disadvantages

...humans, there are some certain types of infertility, and IVF has the obvious benefit of solving this problem. Researches and procedures regarding this method present us the advantages of using this method. It is very important to know that prenatal diagnosis represent a major side of IVF; based on these diagnoses, that could determine any disease that may exist; the right decisions can be taken. One recessive disease is about cystic fibrosis, a common disease today. Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease meaning that there is a disruption in the body’s salt balance, leading to disability; it leaves too little salt and water on the outside of cells and is causing a thin layer of mucus. Handyside, PH.D. is describing the advantage of in-vitro fertilization, based on the prenatal diagnosis that would avoid any risks of having affected children, due to the cystic fibrosis. Doctor Handyside is explaining what is causing this disease in his article “Birth of a Normal Girl After In Vitro Fertilization and Preimplantation Diagnostic Testing for Cystic Fibrosis.” He described what the cause of this disease is; there is an Alfa F508 three-nucleotide deletion. Once a woman got this, it means that is impossible to get pregnant. “In vitro fertilization techniques were used to recover oocytes from each woman and fertilize them with her husband’s sperm.”(Handyside, 1992). Basically, using this method, the researchers may extract everything is wrong in these embryos, leaving there a healthy...

Words: 1017 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Health and Social Care

...A toddler with Down syndrome Jeffrey was 14 months when I met him. He was born with Down syndrome and a congenital heart defect and had an open heart surgery when he was 6 months old. Jeffrey often got ear infections and had recently had a set of pressure equalizing (pe) ear tubes placed. Jeffrey was not walking and was not yet crawling. Children with Down syndrome do learn to crawl and walk and talk; it takes longer. Recent research and clinical experience suggests that, with regard to talking, these children benefit from early oral stimulation, oral motor awareness and multiple experiences with oral sensory stimulation. As soon as I met Jeffery, we began working on ` mouth wakeup` activities , stimulating his teeth, lips, gums , hard and soft palate, inside cheeks, and outside jaw muscles with a variety of toys and tools, including vibrators. We taught his parents to do the same at home. Another part of getting ready to talk is stimulating receptive language (language comprehension). In speech therapy visits we begin using short descriptive sentences to describe toys Jeffrey picked up (he was in a high chair initially). We dropped direct questions during these periods of indirect language stimulation and encouraged the parents to do the same. After two to three weeks, Jeffrey’s mother became adept at these techniques and began describing his activities as he did them so that he could hear them and associate the object he had with the words he heard. Her continuing work in this...

Words: 1457 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Effects of Drugs on Mucus Clearance

...Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 452±467 Printed in UK ± all rights reserved Copyright #ERS Journals Ltd 1999 European Respiratory Journal ISSN 0903-1936 SERIES "CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY" Edited by S.L. Hill and B. Webber Number 3 in this Series Effects of drugs on mucus clearance E. Houtmeyers, R. Gosselink, G. Gayan-Ramirez, M. Decramer Effects of drugs on mucus clearance. E. Houtmeyers, R. Gosselink, G. Gayan-Ramirez, M. Decramer. #ERS Journals Ltd 1999. ABSTRACT: Mucociliary clearance (MCC), the process in which airway mucus together with substances trapped within are moved out of the lungs, is an important defence mechanism of the human body. Drugs may alter this process, such that it is necessary to know the effect of the drugs on MCC. Indeed, agents stimulating MCC may be used therapeutically in respiratory medicine, especially in patients suspected of having an impairment of their mucociliary transport system. In contrast, caution should be taken with drugs depressing MCC as an undesired side-effect, independently of their therapeutic indication. Since cough clearance (CC) serves as a back-up system when MCC fails, the influence of drugs must be examined not only on MCC but also on CC. Ultimately, the clinical repercussions of alterations in mucus transport induced by drug administration must be studied. Tertiary ammonium compounds (anticholinergics), aspirin, anaesthetic agents and benzodiazepines have been shown to be capable of depressing the mucociliary transport system...

Words: 15666 - Pages: 63

Free Essay

Cognitive

...to B.F Skinner, Mccrae & Costa and Carl Rogers compliment the idea that chronic illness will impact the individual’s ability to keep a positive self-esteem and develop socially and autonomously through adolescents. We will look into the specific factors that are impacted by chronic illness’, how exactly they relate to the responses of adolescent individual, how it affects their relationships with families and medical staff, and identify ways in which we can promote positive development despite the burden of a wide range of chronic illness’. For Adolescents and young adults, gaining autonomy is essential which is imposed while enduring management of a chronic illness. Obviously with illness’ such as cancer, Sickle cell disease, Cystic Fibrosis and asthma; the vulnerability involved with daily activities directly affect ones confidence in behaving in line with social norms. As S.Morgan states these chronic illnesses ‘require constant monitoring and strict adherence to a medical regimen, with little room for the risky behaviors and experimentation that is often a part of peer relationships at this stage’ (Morgan, Davies, Palmer, & Plaster, 2010; Sawyer, Drew, & Duncan, 2007). This peer relationship stage is crucial in...

Words: 1753 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

12b - the Factors That Affect Health Status and Patterns of Ill Health P3, P4, M2, D1

...The Factors that Affect Health Status and Patterns of Ill Health P3: Describe current patterns of health and how they are monitored – Patterns of ill health in the UK are monitored through the use of statistics. The UK National Statistic organisation is responsible for producing these statistics in order to illustrate and identify patterns of ill health within the UK. Government statistical departments play a vital role in identifying and monitoring patterns of ill health in the UK, of which include: • The Department of Health • Health and Safety Executive • NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care Statistics can be collected from records such as birth certificates, the death register and hospital admissions records. Records can be used for further analysis in order to gain more specific information, for example the weight of a new-born baby, or the reason an individual was admitted into hospital. The government has made the use of having these records available a legal requirement so that the statistics may be available when they are required. Statistics can be collected through the use of surveys, i.e. the national census of which is held every 10 years in the UK by the government. The national census survey has been in place since 1801 and takes into account each individual within a household. It is able to provide an outline of the UK which enables us to compare geographical areas. However statistics are not always accurate for what they represent...

Words: 5749 - Pages: 23

Free Essay

Fathers’ Perspectives on the Emotional Impact of Managing the Care of Their Children with Cystic Fibrosis

...Fathers’ Perspectives on the Emotional Impact of Managing the Care of Their Children With Cystic Fibrosis Claire C. Hayes, MSc, BSc, RCN, RM, RGN Eileen Savage, PhD, MEd, BNS, RCN, RGN In this article, fathers' perspectives on the emotional impact of managing the care of their children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are examined. The constant worry of living with the unpredictability of CF was highlighted in this study, drawing on interviews with eight Irish fathers, who experienced difficulties communicating their concerns to others. Despite efforts at not dwelling on CF, fathers described being surrounded by constant reminders. To minimize the emotional impact of managing their children's care, fathers described living from day to day rather than looking into the future. These findings demonstrate the need for supportive interventions in helping fathers manage the emotional demands of caring for their children with CF. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Key words: Fathers; Children with CF; Emotions; Worries YSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) IS a progressive, lifeshortening, multisystem disease of the exocrine glands, which predominately affects the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract. Increased mucus production in the small airways resulting in progressive lung disease is the primary cause of death (Orenstein, Winnie, & Altman, 2002). Improvements in life expectancy into the third and fourth decades can be attributed to scientific and medical advances in treatment interventions...

Words: 4900 - Pages: 20