...Forensics History Theresia L. Coates Criminal Justice 1010 Forensics History What does Forensics mean? How old is forensic science? When it was first applied to the law? How has the Forensic science changed the arrest and prosecution success of criminals? The term "forensic" comes from the Latin and means, simply, having to do with the law. How has Forensics evolved from the beginning until today? Let us delve into the history of forensics and its blossoming partnership with the law. Surprisingly, Forensic Science has been around and used in criminal investigations in some manner since before the Roman Empire making it centuries old. It has only been within the last century that law enforcement agencies and the court systems have come to rely so heavily on the use of scientific practices in crime scene investigations.1 The first application of forensic science was by the Roman physician Antistius in the year 44 B.C., whom examined the body of Julius Caesar. He determined even though the dictator was stabbed 23 times, only one wound through his chest caused his actual death. This autopsy is thought to be the first one recorded and the start of using forensic science. Here in the Greek and Roman society extensive knowledge was developed regarding the production, use and symptoms of various poisons, making it possible to identify their use in previously undetected murders. Thanks to these western civilizations advances in the medical field as well as pharmacology were...
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...Welcome To Homicide Anthony Clay CRJ 311 Forensics Professor: Gary Naylor January 8, 2017 Forensic science, has been around for quite some time now. In this paper I will include insight into the role of forensic science, the applications of forensic science for use within the evaluation and/or processing of major crime scenes, and its role in the criminal justice system. Brief history of forensic science. Forensic science dates back all the to the 18th century. “One of the earliest pioneers of forensic science was a Spanish doctor, Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (1787–1853)” (Gaensslen & Larsen, 2013, pg. 1.2). Mathieu is known as the father of forensic toxicology. His primary focus was in forensic science, his work influenced the development of modern day criminalistics labs. He was also was...
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...Unit 12 M1- Compare historical and current features of Public Health. In this part of the assessment I am going to compare elements of historical Public health to the elements of today. By looking at my timeline presented in P2 I am going to research and compare these elements to those of today. Them concluding the overall comparison of the both. In the 19th century public health was less of a function of government and instead it was a function of charitable organizations and volunteers. These were people how left that they had a religious duty to do so and work to help the poor, and those who were against their living conditions. After time science gained a better understanding of the causes of diseases and how they were spread and worked. This then caused public pressure on then government to study and research the illnesses, keep statistics and provide an early warning of epidemencs. For example of a UK policy in the 19th century is The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, this was to insure that the lower class people were being looked after by charity or the landowners and also by they higher class people and the wealthy people, also that anyone that was not disabled and was capable should not receive help or relief unless they worked in a workhouse or with orphans, abandoned children, the elderly, of if they were unmarried mothers, mentally or physically ill and sick. This act also provided strict conditions in the work houses, and ensure that the poor families worked...
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...Structure of DNA DNA Structure and replication can be described as the molecule of inheritance. There are many complex issues to its structure and forms of inheritance. One scientist researched the structure of DNA at a time during the 19th century when there was no knowledge of DNA’s role in heredity. By the 1950s a series of discoveries convinced the scientific community that DNA acts as the hereditary material. To describe DNA would be like a blueprint found in every cell in all living organism. Living organisms are made of cells. Every cell has a nucleus, and chromosomes. Human beings have 46 chromosomes that are paired into 23 chromosomes that contain hundreds of genes. The genes contain the formula for proteins that make most of the body. The structural proteins form various essential parts of the body such as skin, hair, and muscle. These chromosomes can be described as a twisted ladder held together by a backbone that is made up of sugar phosphate. Long coils of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) store all the information that the body needs such as the physical features of how one will look and their everyday functions. The DNA is a thread formed by two strands, twisted together to form a Double Helix. The Double Helix looks like...
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...Diagnosing Cancer PA #2 Joseph Amado 22205484 Part One: Abstract History has a fascinating way of making itself. There are certainly many different accomplishments that make history and it time for cancer to be brought up in history. You would be surprised but the study of the human body actually started in the early 15th century. This was during the Renaissance period of our country and knowledge for the human body was right around the corner. Body autopsies were being done frequently to help understand how the body functions. A man by the name of Giovanni Morgagni started the process of studying cancer by doing autopsies that that connected to the patient’s death. Another man came into the picture around the time of 18th century named John Hunter. He made the suggestion that the cancer could be cured through surgery and that it can physically be removed from the body. Later after that idea they created an anesthesia that will allow the surgery to happen. During the 19th century they started using the microscope to help them study diseased tissue. The microscope was a great advance in technology at the time and gave them the extra edge to go deeper and see clearly. With the new invention they could go into surgery only removing the diseased tissue and advance then to see deeper in the human body. With cancer being such a big problem more and more scientist tried to tackle this disease and make theories about them. For example there was the humoral theory, lymph theory...
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...Care Developments during the Last 200 Years Michael K. Kivuva Uvocorp The field of public health has witnessed many changes over the past two centuries. The transformations have been fueled by various scientific innovations which have helped to reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases. Technological advancements have also led to various developments. The developments that have occurred in this field include improved sanitation and hygiene, vaccination, and improved methods of detection of diseases. These developments have led to the formulation of policies, public health programs and health promotion campaigns that have helped to control infectious diseases. In the 19th century, industrialization encouraged people to migrate from rural to urban areas as they searched for opportunities in the industrialized centers. This shift led to overcrowding which created various public health concerns. The overcrowded areas had poorly built houses that lacked proper sewerage drainage systems. Moreover, they did not have clean water supply systems. These shortcomings led to frequent outbreaks of diseases like cholera, typhoid fever, malaria, dysentery and yellow fever. However, various public health interventions that started in 1900 helped to overcome these challenges. In the first half of the 20th century, most local and state governments set up infrastructure for sewage disposal and clean water supply to homes. Moreover, water for domestic use was being treated...
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON “DNA NEWSPAPER’S PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION” A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES [VTH SEM] UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: PROF. CHETAN JIWANI SUBMITTED BY: HARSHADA.N.BHANUSHALI K.J.SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND COMMERCE (Autonomous) Reaccredited by NAAC with Grade A (VIDYANAGAR, VIDYAVIHAR, MUMBAI – 400 077) (Affiliated by University of Mumbai) DECLARATION I , Harshada Narendra Bhanushali, Roll no.25 of “K.J.Somaiya College of Science & Commerce”, of course T.Y.B.M.S. [Sem V] hereby declare that I have completed my project, titled “DNA NEWSPAPER’S PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION” , in the academic year 2012-2013. Wherever the data\information have been taken from any book or their sources, the same have been mentioned in bibliography & wibliography. The information is submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. HARSHADA NARENDRA BHANUSHALI ROLL NO 25 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I hereby express my heartiest thanks to all sources who have contributed to the making of this project. I oblige thanks to all those who have supported, provided their valuable guidance and helped for the accomplishment of this project. I also extent...
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...consider it possible to be in harmony with these influences in the twenty first century? If so how? Living in the 21st century brings with it many challenges when it comes to maintaining our health and wellbeing. The stressors that now surround us are very different to those of the 19th century, however the outcome remains the same if we do not respect the laws of nature. These include the degeneration of the physical, mental and emotional aspects of our health. The Nature cure system as founded by Priessnitz in the 19th century recognises these laws as fresh air, sunshine, fresh food, exercise, hygiene, and mental wellbeing. Priessnitz believed the body was able to heal itself if the correct lifestyle adjustments were made. These methods of treating with nature’s own forces set in place the foundations of the naturopathic movement. It would seem that our modern way of living has lead us away from these natural laws and we are left to question, if it is still possible to live in harmony with these influences in the 21st century? I believe that it is still possible to be in harmony with the nature cure principles. When appropriate lifestyle choices are made we are able to become more in harmony with the natural cycles of nature. Healthy eating practises are essential if we are to live within the nature cure principles. In the 21st century we are seeing a deviation from the natural laws when it comes to the farming...
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...Life on Earth first started about 3.8 billion years ago and life has come a long way since then. Human Beings have always had a huge interest in ourselves, the biggest question of all is how do we work and where do our gean come from? It all started with Gregor Mendel, who is know as the father of genetics. In 19th century Gregor started a pea plant garden for crossing pea plant varieties to prove that the heights, colors of the plant and peas, pod shapes, seed shapes, and flower positions was based on traits from the mother and father pea plates passed down to their offspring. Between the years of 1856 and 1863, he prove his hypothesis. In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick discover the double helix structure of DNA. In James Watson and Francis...
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...food production and mechanization. In the 19th century, the industrialization took over from Agrarian revolution in the agricultural sector. Agriculture was the main economic activity that drove the development from food production. Industrialization brought about increased productivity in the agricultural sector with abandonment of the traditional practices to embracing modern technology. This came to be referred as biotechnology. Biotechnology was the incorporation modern technology in food production to reduce costs and increase output. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are organisms with modified genetic material for desirable traits n production, drought resistant and pest resistant. From traditional practices, selective breeding practices have continuously improved the agricultural sector (Liang, & Skinner, 2004). Selective breeding is the control of breeding in plants and animals by taking the desired and high producing plants for the hybrid to have the best produce overtime. Researchers took selective breeding in the 20th century to understand the main components that caused changes difference in plants and animals. In 1859 Charles Darwin brought up the theory of origin grouping different organisms to species that made great steps to understanding breeding of species. This knowledge led to discoveries of genetics and genes that make up the different species by Gregor Mendes in 1865. The discovery of the nucleus and DNA sequence by...
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...scientists have developed a greater understanding of cancer by performing autopsies in 16th and 18th century on cancer patients. Scientists such as Galileo, Newton and Harvey led to an understanding of the circulation of blood through the heart and body which had been a mystery till then. In 1761, Giovanni Morgagni performed autopsies on patients to relate their illness to pathologic findings after death, later in the 17th century, Scottish Surgeon John Hunter found that some cancers might be able to be cured by surgery depending on whether or not the tumor had not invaded nearby tissue and was “moveable.” In the 19th century, Rudolf Virchow performed microscopic research on cancerous cells on tissue removed in surgery, this helped identify whether or not the surgery had completely removed the cancer from the patient. Lung cancer is cancer that forms in the lungs. It is formed when cancer cells grow out of control and take over normal cells and organs in the body. Cancer cells are formed when the DNA is damaged in a normal human cell and instead of repairing itself, the cells replicate themselves which the body cannot benefit from, these new cells all have the same abnormal DNA that the first cell has. People can inherit abnormal DNA, but most DNA damage is caused by mistakes that happen while the cell is reproducing or things that are in the environment. Sometimes the DNA can be damaged by something obvious like sun-exposure or smoking. Cancer cells often travel to other...
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...Natural Selection is the scientific theory first proposed by English Naturalist, Charles Darwin as an explanation for evolution. Darwin first became aware of the capability of this theory when he studied variation in plants and animals during a five-year voyage around the world in the 19th century. He noticed whilst in the Galapagos Islands that the habitat of certain finches on the island changed their physical characteristics. Darwin mainly focused on the shape of the finches beak according to their habitat, concluding that even though the finch had a common ancestor, their beak shaped evolved according the foods that they ate in their habitat. He continued the development of this theory by studying hundreds more plants and animals than on...
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...The debate on Nature vs. Nurture raises the question of whether human behavior is developed naturally within our DNA, or learned in our surrounding environment in which we are brought up. This unresolved question has been discussed and debated since the late 19th century. Philosophers like John Locke and Aristotle favored the idea that the human mind begins as a ‘blank slate’ and it is experiences, guidance, and your perception that shapes who you are (nurture). While others, such as, Plato and Emanuel Kant believed our behavior and personality is by nature; embedded in and decided by our DNA and genotype. After analyzing both sides of the spectrum and my personal experiences, I believe both to be factors, Nurture is more significant in affecting...
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...Midterm 1 Notes * Anthropological Approaches to Understanding Evolution * What is Anthropology? * the study of culture * the study of humans * the study of humans and human behavior * the study of culture among different people and places * the study of global cultures and the comparisons between the various differences * It incorporate culture, including language, social practice, religion, etc. * the study of culture…it can be scientific, humanistic and based on observation * the study of humans in all parts of the world…it combines several fields into a holistic view * the study of humankind in all time and places * Anthropology is: 1. A Social Science * Academic discipline concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society, which often reply primarily on empirical approaches 2. Studies Culture * Culture is composed of ideas, values and perceptions * Culture is not instinctual, it must be learned and shared * Culture only exists within a society or group of people * Culture is a human adaptation to their environment 3. Holistic * The various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence * Cultural Anthropology * The study of patterns of human behavior, thought and emotions, focusing on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures ...
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...Aristotle thought that females also produce semen and that the embryo is formed by a fusion in the uterus of both types of semen. He further postulated that both male and female semen are produced by the body's blood. Leeuwenhoek Until the 17th century, European medical schools taught that hereditary factors in the semen were derived from vapors emanating from each body organ. However, Anton van LEEUWENHOEK observed human semen through his microscope and reported finding "animalcules." It became generally accepted that sperm were the actual carriers of hereditary factors from males to their offspring. Other biologists studied the ovaries of animals, noted the presence of swollen bodies--which they correctly assumed contained eggs--and hypothesized that these eggs were also units of transmission of hereditary factors. Epigenesis Some biologists of the 17th and 18th centuries believed that they saw miniature individuals in the sperm or eggs of various organisms, an observation that led to the doctrine of preformation. According to this theory all parts of the adult are already formed at the beginning of embryonic life, and as a result, embryonic development consists solely of growth. Toward the end of the 18th century, Caspar Friedrich WOLFF conducted extensive investigations on developing chicken embryos....
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