...participate in. However, the “Torches of Freedom” campaign is much more unethical due to societies lack of knowledge of smoking’s dangers at the time and the American public’s heightened awareness and cautiousness of substance abuse dangers that came about in following centuries. Ethics of E-cigs vs. Torches of Freedom Campaign From an ethical...
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...educated argument on this technology. More extensive research is in process and I am providing what I know from completed and published works. Say you have a habit, the side effects are less than optimal, and someone offered a way to continue this habit and rid of the harmful side effects. I’ve noticed that when I go out more and more people are smoking. But at a second glance, these people aren’t smoking in the traditional sense; they’re using a liquid tank attached to a battery-powered heating system. This is called vaporizing, or more commonly called “vaping”, and it is said that this is the future of healthy smoking. Sounds like an absurdity right? Research, however, proves otherwise. With no burning and no tar, there is no second hand danger, there are no cancer causing carcinogens and it still gives the user that familiarly satisfying illusion of smoking. Lastly, there is no more offensive odor to those around the user. One of the biggest problems with smoking is that not only is the smoker shortening his or her own life, but putting the lives of those around them at risk as well. The reason for this is when someone is smoking in the traditional sense, they are burning the plant (and in some cases added chemicals) and...
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...Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control: Benefits and Health Outcomes Smoking tobacco cigarettes is a major problem in our society today. It is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States (CDC). Recent health reports indicate that 18% of the American population is involved in cigarette smoking. Nine out of ten smokers begin smoking before the age of 18 and 98% start smoking before the age of 26. Smoking causes more deaths in the United States each year than Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, illegal drug use and firearm accidents combined. According to the United States department of Health and Human Services, smoking is very harmful to the human body (USDHHS). Studies have shown that more than 20 million people have died as a result of cigarette smoking and more than 16 million people have a chronic illness that is associated with cigarette smoking. Additionally, records indicate that 2.5 million deaths are due to second-hand smoke exposure (Betobaccofree). Various health problems that are linked to cigarette smoking include: lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, coronary artery disease, throat cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and kidney cancer (Betobaccofree). Cigarette Smoking has been a well-known health hazard for some time; however, it continues to be a very popular recreational activity among various groups of people. There are a few groups that...
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...The Truth Behind E-Cigarettes E-cigarettes, also known as electronic cigarettes, are battery-powered cartridges filled with nicotine liquid that, when heated, creates an inhalable mist (webmd.com). E-cigarettes are the new way for smokers to reduce their nicotine needs as well as reduce their risk of health issues. They are supposed to be the new, healthy way for smokers to increase their life-span and still enjoy the effects an ordinary cigarette gives them. However, E-cigarettes are harmful to users for many reasons. Research says that the cons of the electronic device outweigh the benefits. They are a gateway to substance abuse and addiction. They can also lead to many health risks. Finally, they can cause lung damage. E-cigarettes are said to be “the new and safer cigarettes”. While still providing the users with the nicotine needs of a regular cigarette, they have been deemed a safer alternative. The way this technology work is that when heated, the user inhales mist of nicotine liquid (science.howstuffworks.com). However, the use of this electronic device over a span of time have been suspected to lead to abuse and addiction. Abusing and becoming addicted to any type of substance can be harmful to a person’s well-being. The user can become in desperate need of the drug and not only dangerous towards themselves but to others as well. After becoming addicted to a substance, quitting is a very difficult task because the user will crave the drug and the way it makes them...
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...cannot use them in public places. Today I will discuss with you the history of the Electronic Cigarettes. After today’s class I’ll come back for a question and answer session about the topics we are about to discuss. B. Objectives. NOTE: Show slides 2-4. 1. Terminal Learning Objective: Brief the history of the Electronic Cigarette IAW www.modernvapor.com, www.howstuffworks.com, www.electroniccigarettesbase.com, and American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2. Enabling Learning Objectives. a. Given the dates in the history of the Electronic Cigarette, select the date when the first patent appeared IAW with www.modernvapor.com. b. List the components of the Electronic Cigarette IAW www.modernvapor.com. c. Describe how E-liquid is turned to Vapor in an Electronic Cigarette IAW www.howstuffworks.com. d. List one health benefit for the...
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...Smoking in Society The purpose of this review is to explore smoking's’ place in society. More specifically focusing on the question how people's views on marijuana and tobacco can affect not only society but overall understanding. This study will analyze the social factors for smoking as a whole. When this study is conducted it will be done using, surveys, with open ended questions would be the methods used. Marijuana, or also known as cannabis, is a psychoactive drug that can be inhaled or eaten. The major psychedelic component in marijuana is known as tetrahydrocannabinol or also known as (THC). There are some states as well as numerous countries that have legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes. These purposes include treating chronic pain conditions, dietary aids, anxiety suppressors, and antiemesis for those who are terminally ill. Another unfavorable consequence that is caused by maternal cannabis use would be the future prolonged effects on the central nervous system. The user may suffer with cognitive impairment, addictive behaviors, social deficiency, and lack of control of impulsivity. According to Drugs.com, heavy marijuana use can lead to serious social issues. Marijuana affects perception and judgment and is associated with low achievement (Drugs.com). Because of the still lingering viewpoint that marijuana and people who smoke it are viewed as less capable than others and “worse off”. Marijuana can also affect a person’s ability to perform...
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...Should Electronic Cigarettes Be Regulated As Traditional Cigarettes? Recently, there has been a national discourse concerning the extent to which the government should meddle in the regulation and taxation of electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes. Some states are in favor of taxation on these products, but others are not. Anti-smoking advocates push for more restrictions and higher taxes for the product, but many others disagree, arguing that e-cigarettes are a healthy alternative to traditional cigarettes. As of right now, the Food and Drug Administration has no regulative control over e-cigarettes because they are currently not considered to be medical products. E-cigarettes are battery-powered substitutes which heat up liquid nicotine into a vapor. As such, they do not contain any of the additional hundreds of cancer-causing chemicals or tar that you would get from smoking tobacco-based cigarettes. The current marketing of the product is to attract current smokers to the product, rather than serve as a medical smoking cessation aide, which would have been under regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of this, they are considered to tobacco products, under the regulatory authority of the bureau of alcohol, firearms, and tobacco. However, as a newer product, they are not itemized on current tobacco-related laws, & don’t contain actual tobacco plant, therefore letting them escape the many penalties imposed on such products. We do not believe that it would make...
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...Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Teenage Smoking in Florida Smoking is a common demeanor in many individuals in the country. However, teenagers in Florida have developed the habit of smoking that raises a lot of concern. The teenage smoking frequently commences in schools with the majority of the cases being in the high schools. Also, important to note is the fact the residential nature of the teenagers also inflicts the habit of smoking in them. Teenage smoking has adverse effects on those who engage in this harmful behavior. Smoking results in various health complications in the teenagers. Research evinces that people who smoke consume close to 400 toxic chemicals including; cyanide, benzene, formaldehyde, nicotine, ammonia, acetylene and carbon monoxide. Early smoking increases the risk of teenagers later having emphysema, strokes and chronic bronchitis. Moreover, smoking diminishes the performance of the teenagers in school through decreased concentration and incessant truancy (HealthyChildren.org, 2014, p. 1). Teenage smoking in Florida begins as early as 12 years of age with the majority being between 14 years to 19 years of age. There are various causes of teenage smoking in Florida. Many will claim that the problem results from peer pressure whereby teenagers feel the pressure to imitate the demeanor of their peers. Another reason is that teenagers feel that smoking makes them look older or more mature. Others smoke out of a sense of rebellion. Most of the teenagers...
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...Data protection is also very important. The Act ensures that no personal information about the patient is shared with random people. It ensures that all records are kept secure and safe. Data protection is also very important. The Act ensures that no personal information about the patient is shared with random people. It ensures that all records are kept secure and safe. A nurses responsibilities include: * Monitors and adjusts specialized equipment used on patients, such as incubators and ventilators * Prepares and administers and records prescribed medications. Reports adverse reactions to medications or treatments * Monitors vital signs and initiates corrective action whenever the patient displays adverse symptomatology, communicates patient’s condition to care team * Assists treating physician during examination, treatment and procedures, which can include life-saving situations * Instructs and educates patient’s family Participates in discharge planning * Records all care information concisely, accurately and completely, in a timely manner, in the appropriate format and on the appropriate forms * Performs other position-related duties as assigned, depending on assignment setting A nurses responsibilities include: * Monitors and adjusts specialized equipment used on patients, such as incubators and ventilators * Prepares and administers and records prescribed medications. Reports adverse reactions to medications or treatments * Monitors vital...
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...E-‐cigarettes: miracle or menace? Networks, Organizations and Society Introduction The electronic cigarette or ‘e-‐cigarette’ is a rechargeable battery-‐powered device designed to resemble a conventional tobacco cigarette. The e-‐cigarette does not contain tar and the nicotine cartridges seem to be a much safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, which contain a much higher number of notoriously harmful chemicals. Nonetheless, nicotine is addictive and is classified as a poison (Cancer Research UK, 2013). The issue has attracted heated debate, but the question remains: “Should e-‐ cigarettes be classed as general consumer products, tobacco products, medicines or drug-‐delivery devices?” 2 In attempting to answer the above question, this paper discusses the evolution of e-‐ cigarettes through the lenses of technological...
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...HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH Theory & Practice Vol.21 (Supplement 1) 2006 Pages i19–i32 Advance Access publication 31 July 2006 Improving measurement in health education and health behavior research using item response modeling: comparison with the classical test theory approach Mark Wilson*, Diane D. Allen and Jun Corser Li Abstract This paper compares the approach and resultant outcomes of item response models (IRMs) and classical test theory (CTT). First, it reviews basic ideas of CTT, and compares them to the ideas about using IRMs introduced in an earlier paper. It then applies a comparison scheme based on the AERA/APA/NCME ‘Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests’ to compare the two approaches under three general headings: (i) choosing a model; (ii) evidence for reliability—incorporating reliability coefficients and measurement error—and (iii) evidence for validity—including evidence based on instrument content, response processes, internal structure, other variables and consequences. An example analysis of a self-efficacy (SE) scale for exercise is used to illustrate these comparisons. The investigation found that there were (i) aspects of the techniques and outcomes that were similar between the two approaches, (ii) aspects where the item response modeling approach contributes to instrument construction and evaluation beyond the classical approach and (iii) aspects of the analysis where the measurement models had little to do with the analysis or outcomes. There...
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...iCHAPTER 1 TEACHING NOTES You have substantial latitude about what to emphasize in Chapter 1. I find it useful to talk about the economics of crime example (Example 1.1) and the wage example (Example 1.2) so that students see, at the outset, that econometrics is linked to economic reasoning, if not economic theory. I like to familiarize students with the important data structures that empirical economists use, focusing primarily on cross-sectional and time series data sets, as these are what I cover in a first-semester course. It is probably a good idea to mention the growing importance of data sets that have both a cross-sectional and time dimension. I spend almost an entire lecture talking about the problems inherent in drawing causal inferences in the social sciences. I do this mostly through the agricultural yield, return to education, and crime examples. These examples also contrast experimental and nonexperimental data. Students studying business and finance tend to find the term structure of interest rates example more relevant, although the issue there is testing the implication of a simple theory, as opposed to inferring causality. I have found that spending time talking about these examples, in place of a formal review of probability and statistics, is more successful (and more enjoyable for the students and me). 3 CHAPTER 2 TEACHING NOTES This is the chapter where I expect students to follow most, if not all, of the algebraic derivations. In class I like to...
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...CHAPTER 1 TEACHING NOTES You have substantial latitude about what to emphasize in Chapter 1. I find it useful to talk about the economics of crime example (Example 1.1) and the wage example (Example 1.2) so that students see, at the outset, that econometrics is linked to economic reasoning, if not economic theory. I like to familiarize students with the important data structures that empirical economists use, focusing primarily on cross-sectional and time series data sets, as these are what I cover in a first-semester course. It is probably a good idea to mention the growing importance of data sets that have both a cross-sectional and time dimension. I spend almost an entire lecture talking about the problems inherent in drawing causal inferences in the social sciences. I do this mostly through the agricultural yield, return to education, and crime examples. These examples also contrast experimental and nonexperimental data. Students studying business and finance tend to find the term structure of interest rates example more relevant, although the issue there is testing the implication of a simple theory, as opposed to inferring causality. I have found that spending time talking about these examples, in place of a formal review of probability and statistics, is more successful (and more enjoyable for the students and me). 3 CHAPTER 2 TEACHING NOTES This is the chapter where I expect students to follow most, if not all, of the algebraic derivations. In class I like to derive...
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...Sustainability of Microfinance Self Help Groups in India: Would Federating Help? Ajai Nair, Graduate Student Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University Abstract Self Help Group (SHG) banking is the primary mode of microfinance in India today, reaching over six million families. In spite of its considerable outreach, successful savings mobilization and high repayment rates, as with most other microfinance models, the financial viability of SHG banking has not been clear. SHG federations attempt to provide financial viability and sustainability to SHG banking. This study explores the merits of federating and finds that SHG federations create economies of scale, reduce promotional and transaction costs, enable provision of value added services and increase empowerment of the poor. Acknowledgements This study was done for the South Asia Region Finance and Private Sector Development Unit of the World Bank. The support of Sophie Sirtaine at the World Bank, who helped design the study and took time to read through the different drafts, is gratefully acknowledged. I thank all the organizations visited and individuals interviewed for their cooperation, and participants of the various fora at which the initial drafts were presented for their valuable comments. I also thank Marilou, Director, South Asia Region Finance and Private Sector Development Unit and other members of the unit for...
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...Chapter 01 Globalization Answer Key True / False Questions 1. As a result of globalization, we have been moving toward a world in which national economies are (p. 7) relatively self-contained entities. FALSE Over the past three decades a fundamental shift has been occurring in the world economy. We have been moving away from a world in which national economies were relatively self-contained entities. AACSB: Analytic Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization. Topic: Introduction 2. By offering the same basic product worldwide, firms help to create a global market. TRUE Consumer products such as Citigroup credit cards, Coca-Cola soft drinks, video games, McDonald’s hamburgers, Starbucks coffee, and IKEA furniture are frequently held up as prototypical examples of this trend. The firms that produce these products are more than just benefactors of this trend; they are also facilitators of it. By offering the same basic product worldwide, they help to create a global market. AACSB: Analytic Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization. Topic: What Is Globalization? 3. A company has to be the size of a multinational giant to facilitate, and benefit from, the globalization of markets. FALSE A company does not have to be the size of multinational giants to facilitate, and benefit from, the ...
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