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Daniel Stein

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Submitted By katalex
Words 873
Pages 4
Daniel Stern
Fra vores første færd har vi en selvfornemmelse, og dermed evnen til at skelne mellem os selv og andre. Stern afviser Mahlers tanke om, at barnet gennemløber en symbiotisk fase, hvor det ikke skelner mellem sig selv og de andre.
Sternes udviklingsteori er ikke beskrevet i stadier, men i en lagdelt model, hvor de forskellige udviklingstrin ikke afløser hinanden, men side om side. Begyndende selv | Babyen kan genkende morens duft og stemme. Tidligere i udviklingspsykologien mente man, at det nyfødte startede livet med at percipere (opfatte) verden meget kaotisk, og dets sanser endnu ikke var forbundet med hinanden. Den nye spædbarnsforskning har vist, at barnet er i stand til at opfatte verden i helheder og koordinere sit sanseudtryk. 0-1 måned: Børn er i stand til at overføre deres sanser amodal eller tværmodal perceptionIfølge Stern er barnet opmærksom på den følelsestone eller stemning (vitalitetsfølelser), det mærker i kroppen.Følelsestone = Stemning hos barnetMoren trøster barnet ved at klappe den på ryggen vitalitetsfølelsetværmodal perception.At kende til følelsen af at blive ammet, skiftet osv. et begyndende selv. | Kerneselv | I 2-3 måneders alderen sker der et stort skrift med barnet. Den udvikler et bedre synssans. Opmærksom på omgivelserne. Bedre kontrol over sine handlinger og gentager bestemte handlinger igen og igen for at undersøge konsekvenserne.4 måneders alderen udvikler det selektive sociale smil altså smiler til omsorgspersonerneSamspil mellem ansigt og ansigt fører lange samtaler via. Blikke, smil og lyde ansigtduetterFrem til 7-måneders alderen udvikler barnet kerneselv oplever sig som en fysisk enhed. | Det intersubjektive selv | 7-9 måneder: Barnets interesse for ting er voksende. Kan kravle rund. Deler oplevelser med andre.10 måneder: Det første skridt. Sover mindre. Mere målrettet adfærd. Kan forstå simple ordrer.Barnet kan kommunikere sine egne subjektive oplevelser til andre og det omfatter ikke længere andre blot som fysiske størrelser, men som personer med hensigter og følelser dvs. med indre subjektive oplevelser som det selv. Flere adfærdsmønster i denne periode omhandler barnets evne til at dele sit tydelige sprog om barnets evne til at dele oplevelser med andre. Det drejer sig om: * Fælles opmærksomhedsfokus: Enten er barnet optaget af tingen eller af moderen, ikke af begge dele på en gang. * Social refereren: Spædbørn placeret i en usikker situation tjekker med andre ord omsorgspersonerne for deres reaktioner på situationen og er i stand til at afblæse deres følelsesmæssige tilstand. * Intentionel kommunikation: Barnet kan vise sine hensigter eller intentioner og dens ønsker at dele ting med moderen. | | Affektiv afstemning (følelsesmæssig afstemning): Vigtigt, at forældrene deler oplevelser med barnet, viser at de forstår barnets følelser og kan indleve sig i deres oplevelse. Det kan de gennem mimik, gestik osv. så de viser barnet at de forstår det. Moderen spejler barnets følelsestilstande, men hun gør det ved at benytte en anden udtryksmådeend barnet.Selektive afstemningerFejlafstemninger: Omsorgspersonen ikke genspejler spædbarnets tilstand helt præcist | Det verbale selv | 15 måneder oplevelsen af et verbalt selv. Vha. sproget har barnet mulighed for at overskride virkeligheden og bearbejde sin viden og oplevelser på et indre fantasimæssigt og symbolsk plan, og sproget bliver et afgørende redskab for barnets begyndende selvrefleksion. Sproget får barnet mulighed for at formidle sin indre verden og dele sine personlige oplevelser med dem. | Det narrative selv (3-4 år) | Den sproglige evne er udviklet, og de kan fortælle historier om deres oplevelser. Fortællinger er med til at forme deres identitet og selvopfattelse. Kan konstruere en fortælling med begyndelse midte og afslutning. Barnet kan ikke altid skelne mellem virkelighed og fantasi. |

10 år senere
Jørn har taget skade og bor hos en plejefamilie.
Anni er lettere retarderet og har ingen empati
Anni og sin nye mand Michael har fået et barn Mads. Er bange for at miste det.
Gennemførte graviditeten i håb om at beholde barnet.
Anni kan ikke tolke og læse sit barns signaler
Forvaltningen konkluderede, at Mads vil tage skade af moren. Derfor skulle Michael tage sig af barnet, hvis han ikke kunne eller ville, så vil Mads ikke have boet derhjemme.
Michael har ikke taget sig af Mads, men det har Anni.
Sundhedsplejersken er ikke så ofte til stede, som vedkommende skulle have været.
Da Jørn blev 3 år ændret han adfærd og er blevet aggressiv. Han lider af udviklingsforstyrrelser, har autistiske træk og ADHD. Har behov for struktur. Han har et skema, så han ved, hvad han skal, og det skema holder ham ude af problemer.
Mads sover meget og er begyndt at trække sig ind i sig selv autistiske træk
Mads har tabt sig, blev akut indlagt og er blevet sløv.
Anni og Michael har svært ved at sætte sine egne behov til side for barnets behov.
Anni kan ikke have øjenkontakt med Mads.
Udsendelsen bragte opmærksomhed på problemet stramning af lovgivningen.
Omsorgsvigt
Jørn har angst for at være alene. Vil gerne vide, hvor han kommer fra og hvem der har taget sig af ham, når hans forældre ikke gjorde det.
Anni kan ikke mere og henvender sig til forvaltningen om en aflastning.
Kommunen har ikke fulgt de anvisninger som eksperter har kommet med om Mads’ tilstand, men sagsbehandlere vil have, at Mads bliver hjemme hos Anni. Mads blev 14 måneder før han kom på fuldtids tvangsfjernelse. Århus kommune mener, at de har varetaget barnets tarv og mener ikke, at de har begået nogen fejl.

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