...for damaging the election process of democracy in the USA for being too expensive and dominant. Earliest reforms in the 1970s include the 1971 Federal Election Act, and famously, the 1974 Federal Election Campaign Act, known by many now as FECA. These congressional acts limited the ability of candidates to spend their own money on campaigns, and limited PAC donations to $5,000 per candidate through the creation of the Federal Election Commission. They also introduced the ‘matching funds system’ to this effect. Far more recent reforms have also taken place to further restrict such donations to candidate campaigning, such as the 2002 Bi-Partisan Campaign Reform Act, also known as ‘McCain-Feingold’ capping the soft money spending by parties and welfare/charity organisations which had increased since the 1970s. This is when money is not directly donated to the candidate and cannot be used for self promotion. The 2002 Act ruled that such organisations can spend up to 49% of their income on parties and campaigns, yet this spending remains undisclosed, allowing anonymity. This highlights one of the main reasons why such reforms have failed to rectify the issues of campaign financing that remains in contemporary elections – many so-called ‘legal loopholes’ have been found in these congressional acts which have allowed soft money and independent expenditures and donations to campaigns to continue. This anonymity is highlighted through the phenomenon of ‘dark money’ – undisclosed donations...
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...Dark Money and its Influence on US Politics Dark Money and its Influence on US Politics Abstract The influence of voters is overcast by lobbyists who funnel channels of dividends toward the candidate or party of their choosing. With our self-galvanized democracy, this is becoming all too common as our voices in collusion begin to fade. To placate reign, we acknowledge fault as the American public pleads with the top justices to limit lobbyist inequity through entitled equity only to be dismayed by the brittleness of our justice system as it concedes to an ambiguous constitutional amendment that endures free speech equates to filled pockets. Dark money’s malignant strike is designed to silence the many who toil for the sake of the few who take. Conservatives protest anonymity for protection from public outrage which could lead to dwindling sales and lost revenues from faithful lobbyists and big businesses. The American public demands disclosure to ensure greater confidence and voter turnout and prosperous turn in gracious candidacy. In a political climate built on attack ads, clarity is essential for due process not matter how high the stakes are for candidate. Association will either lead to adequate support or an inevitable defeat. Introduction A 5-4 vote was need for the Supreme Court to dislodge the necessary caps to plug lucrative high-profile tycoons and corporate conglomerate...
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...Advantage of media There are many advantages of media. Number one is information because without it we are all in the dark. Another is to help form your own opinions of the world based on the facts that are presented through the media in all forms. Also another one is pure entertainment. The media is used today for everything from mind manipulation through propaganda to basically provide something to do when one is Disadvantage of Media There are different types of disadvantage ------------------------------------------------- Structure[edit] A DA usually has four key elements. These four elements are not always necessary depending on the type of disadvantage run, and some are often combined into a single piece of evidence. A Unique Link card, for example, will include both a description of the status quo and the plan's effect on it. A traditional threshold DA, however, has a structure as follows: Uniqueness[edit] Uniqueness shows why the Impacts have not occurred yet or to a substantial extent and will uniquely occur with the adoption of either the Affirmative's plan or the Negative's counterplan. Example: If the negative team argues that the affirmative plan will result in nuclear proliferation, it would also argue that the status quo will avoid nuclear proliferation. If the Affirmative claims that nuclear proliferation is already occurring, the negative team could argue that adoption of the plan would result in a unique increase in nuclear proliferation...
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...Advantage of media There are many advantages of media. Number one is information because without it we are all in the dark. Another is to help form your own opinions of the world based on the facts that are presented through the media in all forms. Also another one is pure entertainment. The media is used today for everything from mind manipulation through propaganda to basically provide something to do when one is Disadvantage of Media There are different types of disadvantage ------------------------------------------------- Structure[edit] A DA usually has four key elements. These four elements are not always necessary depending on the type of disadvantage run, and some are often combined into a single piece of evidence. A Unique Link card, for example, will include both a description of the status quo and the plan's effect on it. A traditional threshold DA, however, has a structure as follows: Uniqueness[edit] Uniqueness shows why the Impacts have not occurred yet or to a substantial extent and will uniquely occur with the adoption of either the Affirmative's plan or the Negative's counterplan. Example: If the negative team argues that the affirmative plan will result in nuclear proliferation, it would also argue that the status quo will avoid nuclear proliferation. If the Affirmative claims that nuclear proliferation is already occurring, the negative team could argue that adoption of the plan would result in a unique increase in nuclear proliferation...
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...Advantage of media There are many advantages of media. Number one is information because without it we are all in the dark. Another is to help form your own opinions of the world based on the facts that are presented through the media in all forms. Also another one is pure entertainment. The media is used today for everything from mind manipulation through propaganda to basically provide something to do when one is Disadvantage of Media There are different types of disadvantage ------------------------------------------------- Structure[edit] A DA usually has four key elements. These four elements are not always necessary depending on the type of disadvantage run, and some are often combined into a single piece of evidence. A Unique Link card, for example, will include both a description of the status quo and the plan's effect on it. A traditional threshold DA, however, has a structure as follows: Uniqueness[edit] Uniqueness shows why the Impacts have not occurred yet or to a substantial extent and will uniquely occur with the adoption of either the Affirmative's plan or the Negative's counterplan. Example: If the negative team argues that the affirmative plan will result in nuclear proliferation, it would also argue that the status quo will avoid nuclear proliferation. If the Affirmative claims that nuclear proliferation is already occurring, the negative team could argue that adoption of the plan would result in a unique increase in nuclear proliferation. If...
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...* “22 years ago in Chicago, two young bright attorney’s met and joined forces…” * Michelle LaVaughan Robinson, born Jan. 17, 1964 in Chicago. * She has a degree in sociology and graduated from Harvard for Law. * They got married Oct. 18, 1992 in Chicago * Malia, their first child was born in ’88 and their second daughter Natasha was born 3 years later. * In 2007, Sen. Barack Obama announced he would run as President. * Barack’s idealism and need to help people in need swept Michelle off her feet. * After one year at Sidney & Austin, the firm assigned her to mentor a summer associate named Barack Obama (she was his boss!). * The firm didn’t usually hire summer associates so it was coincidental that Obama was even there that summer. * The response to Obama’s arrival was upsetting to Michelle, who couldn’t understand why everyone was so shocked that a black man was a gifted attorney. * "I had dated a lot of brothers who had this kind of reputation coming in, so I figured he was one of these smooth brothers who could talk straight and impress people. So we had lunch, and he had this bad sport jacket and a cigarette dangling from his mouth, and I thought: 'Oh, here you go. Here's this good-looking, smooth-talking guy. I've been down this road before.' " * She numerously refused Obama’s requests to them going out, saying it was “tacky” for them to start dating because they were the only black people. * The Obama’s old boss at Sidley...
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... This film is an incredibly witty movie, with a rare blend of cynicism, humor, and intelligence by Barry Levinson, Wag the Dog thus begins with these opening credits, an early indication of a dark socio-political satire that would unfold to criticize mass media and indecisive public opinion, but most importantly, the abuse of power by political leaders. Wag the Dog also satirizes the immaturity of the society and how people's unquestioning absorption of propaganda only encourages the media to exploit them on a higher level. Conrad Brean (Robert De Niro) is a retired political consultant, a spin doctor who resurrects the support for the US President's after his disastrous scandal with a teenage girl just eleven days before the election. In order to smother the sparks of rumor ignited by the media, Brean invents an international crisis to sway the people's vote he fakes a war on Albania. The president heroically ends the war and his compassion and exceptional 2/11 leadership qualities are presented through the mass media to the people, winning back their faith. (Lu, 2007) The movie is basically about a fraud of the American public conspired by the incumbent president’s White House staffers. This was done through fabrication of a war in attempt to cover up a presidential sex scandal with a teenage girl. This movie received a lot of different feedbacks from the audiences and one of them elucidated: Right from the opening scene, Wag the Dog...
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...Franklin Delano Roosevelt “The Only Thing We Have to Fear is Fear Itself,” was a line made famous, by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, on March 4, 1933, at the height of the Great Depression. This was when Franklin Roosevelt delivered his first inaugural address before 100,000 people on Washington’s Capitol Plaza. “First of all,” he said, “let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” He promised that he would act swiftly to face the “dark realities of the moment” and assured Americans that he would “wage a war against the emergency” just as though, “we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.” His speech gave many people confidence that they’d elected a man who was not afraid to take bold steps to solve the nation’s problems (History.com Staff. (2009). New-Deal. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/new-deal). Roosevelt is ranked as one of the greatest presidents in American history. During his presidential administrations (1933-1945), he coped with two of the most important events that occurred during the 20th century. One event was the Great Depression, and the second was World War II. In both cases, President Roosevelt’s decisions, at times unpopular, helped get the United States through what could have been its destruction. Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s family came to America from Holland in 1620, and the Roosevelt’s were very wealthy. Franklin’s father was James Roosevelt, and he was a lawyer. James Roosevelt married Sara...
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...Baumgartner Professor of Marketing Head of the Department of Marketing *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Political marketing sits at the nexus of two disciplines, political science and marketing, but is not entirely accepted by either. The present research looks at the origin, development, and evolution of political marketing and examines how the adoption of a political marketing orientation is impacting the practice of political campaigns. The role of political marketing in actually changing voters’ preferences is also examined, showing that grassroots marketing efforts seem to have the greatest effect, especially with undecided voters. Finally, voter segments are derived for the last five presidential elections in the United States (1988-2004) using latent class analysis (LCA). The interpretation and implications of these segments are discussed and several avenues for future research are suggested. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... vi...
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...that prohibited states from denying men the right to vote on the grounds of race or color. This amendment allowed black men to vote in the United States. * Henry Ford * Inventor of the Model-T car during the industrial revolution. Changed American culture * Scientific Management * Also known as Taylorism, a new method of assembly line production, making factories more efficient during the American Industrial Revolution, designed by Frederick Taylor. The first person to use this method was Henry Ford for the Model-T car. * Thomas Edison * The inventor of the light bulb. This changed the life of many Americans, as it eventually led to the rise of nightlife, since there was a new way to keep things lit in the dark. * Luna Park (Coney Island) * One of the first amusement parks in America. Amusement parks created a new form of leisure for Americans because it integrated all leisure forms to “mass produce” fun for Americans. * Montgomery Wards * The first mail order catalog, which created a new way of shopping for...
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...The Democratic Party and America’s Issues We are now four months away from the Presidential Elections, and we must choose what is best for America. The current running candidates are Barack Obama with the Democratic Party, and John McCain with the Republican Party. Barack Obama is now representing the Nation’s Democrats; he recently said that he is trying to balance hard head with a big heart. (Election 2008 P.48). Obama has planed many solutions to our current issues, on the health care issue according to Democrats. Org we will join 36 industrialized nations in making sure everyone has health care, starting by fixing the prescription drug program and investing in stem cell and other medical research. America right now is at a very critical situation from whatever point we look at. We are struggling economically, which is making America suffer in many ways. We have millions of illegal immigrants who contribute so much to our nation, but yet they are in a dark shadow where we do not see a close light to this issue. The war, we’ve had so many innocent Americans fighting for our country and giving their lives I thing it’s unfair. One of our major issues is the illegal immigration, “the current system makes criminals out of some 12 million people who only want to work hard on whose efforts large parts of the economy now depend.” (Bush Baiting). We also have thousands of young people who need to go to school, because America’s youth is what going to make this country more successful...
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...He “nominated William Windom of Minnesota as Secretary of the Treasury, William H. Hunt of Louisiana as Secretary of the Navy, Robert Todd Lincoln as Secretary of War, and Samuel J. Kirkwood of Iowa as Secretary of the Interior. At his inaugural address, he discussed the need for education, denunciation of Mormon polygamy, and the need of civil rights for African-Americans(James A. Garfield). The speech was not very good ,though, because he was distracted with creating his cabinet. Garfield was only a president for 100 days because he was assassinated, but he did do some things. One such thing was the Star Route Scandal, which was an investigation into mail route contracts that “were being awarded fraudulently with tax money lining the pockets of those involved”(James Garfield - Twentieth President of the United States). What made this so important was that once Garfield realized that members of the Republican Party were involved in the scandal, he pushed the investigation forward, and in the end resulted in civil service...
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...economy. Small, locally owned firms were replaced by large, nationally based corporations. Corporate structure became hierarchical and bureaucratic because these large firms involved complex operations that needed to be organized. Besides vertical integration, this period also involved horizontal mergers, which fueled fears of monopoly power. (Ballam, 1994). Steam power began replacing water power, allowing factories to be built far away from water sources. Steel became the basic building material for machinery instead of wood and iron, thanks to the Bessemer process, therefore machines became larger and more resilient. Thomas Edison invented the moving picture and the light bulb, which made it possible for businesses to stay open long after dark. Around this time, the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell; this allowed for quick, nation-wide communication (Ballam, 1994). The typewriter was invented in the 1860s; this created new office jobs for women and helped them to become earners (Schultz, 2014). The expansion of railroads was also a key factor to the rise of the industrial...
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...Instead of working to achieve power by armed coup, we shall hold our noses and enter the Reichstag against the opposition deputies. If outvoting them takes longer than out shooting them, at least the results will be guaranteed by their own constitution. Sooner or later we shall have a majority, and after that- Germany. (Heiden, 142)' Adolf Hitler spoke these words in 1920, soon after becoming leader of the newly named National Socialist German Workers' Party, commonly known as the Nazi Party. There are many contributing factors, which lead to Hitler's gain in power over the next thirteen years. The recent history of post-war Germany, and the events that would follow were of perfect conditions for the rise of an extremist party such as the Nazis. World War One had left Germany in defeat. Germany was put under immense pressure by the treaty of Versailles, which contributed to the disastrous and politically unstable early twenties. Hitler was a strong and manipulating character, with extraordinary leadership skills and his party was very tactical. He was very much underestimated by opposing political parties. All of these factors lead to Hitler and his Nazis' becoming the sole political party in the Reichstag in 1933. The German Empire was formed in 1871 and soon became one of Europe?s most influential countries. It dominated in industrial and military power, and the German people were proud of their achievements. Up until the end of World War One, a Kaiser ruled Germany...
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...When Sarah Palin was running for vice president during the 2008 election, she was relatively unknown in the political sphere outside of her home in Alaska. This lack of public familiarity caused her private life to come under the scrutiny of the media. When her daughter Bristol’s pregnancy became of national interest, many questioned her qualifications for vice presidency despite not having done any “wrong” herself (Bash). Was she capable of even governing a nation? America might never know. Did her daughter’s sex scandal place a dark cloud over the McCain-Palin campaign? There will never be a definitive answer, as some will claim it did and others will deny it. When asked about the scandal, then Senator Barack Obama stated “I think people's families are off-limits, and people's children are especially off-limits. This shouldn't be part of our politics. It has no relevance to Gov. Palin's performance as governor or her potential performance as a vice president” (Bash), Unfortunately for Palin, the media did not share the now President’s...
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