...OVERVIEW Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide Module 1 Qualitative Research Methods Overview F A M I L Y H E A L T H I N T E R N A T I O N A L Qualitative Research Methods Overview OVERVIEW T • • • • • • his module introduces the fundamental elements of a qualitative approach to research, to help you understand and become proficient in the qualitative methods discussed in subsequent modules. We recommend that you consult the suggested readings at the end of the module for more in-depth treatment of the foundations of qualitative research. This module covers the following topics: Introduction to Qualitative Research Comparing Qualitative and Quantitative Research Sampling in Qualitative Research Recruitment in Qualitative Research Ethical Guidelines in Qualitative Research Suggested Readings Introduction to Qualitative Research What is qualitative research? Qualitative research is a type of scientific research. In general terms, scientific research consists of an investigation that: • • • • • seeks answers to a question systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question collects evidence produces findings that were not determined in advance produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study Qualitative research shares these characteristics. Additionally, it seeks to understand a given research problem or topic from the perspectives of the local population it involves...
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...January 2003 • NREL/CP-550-33209 A Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant Simulation Model Preprint H. Price To be presented at the ISES 2003: International Solar Energy Conference Hawaii Island, Hawaii March 16–18, 2003 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Accordingly, the US Government and MRI retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation...
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...lysis Topic Proposal by Mr. K.Harjo, Susan Shown. "Last Rites for Indian Dead." in Kennedy, X.J., et.al., eds. The Bedford Guide for College Writers. Boston: Bedford., 2002.Harjo's piece was originally published prior to the creation of Congress' N.A.G.P.R.A. legislation (Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act), signed into law under the first Bush Administration in 1991. Harjo's central argument is that Native American peoples should no longer be considered the commodified property of all Americans. She decries the desecration and exploitation of Native American gravesites and holy sites. For far too long, Harjo argues, Native American people have been seen as nothing more than a people ripe for exploitation and plunder, especially since relics and bones can fetch hefty prices at museums or amongst collectors of such rare items. Harjo's intended audience is a lay one; she assumes that most people have been very uninformed and passive about her topic; as such, she makes concerted efforts to inform and persuade her audience that the desecration and exploitation of her people must stop.Ultimately, while Harjo's essay does a very good job of establishing an ethical and emotional warrant so as to support her initial claim, I contend that she fails to completely convince me as to why studying Indian relics and skulls on the part of scientists is a useless endeavor. She raises up a point about the futility of such ethnographic / scientific studies on the bones, but does...
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...ASSESSING THE CHALLENGES OF TAX REVENEUE MOBILISATION IN GHANA: A CASE OF SUNYANI MUNICIPALITY. By EGYIN, KODWO BOAKYE (PG 2043808) A Thesis submitted to the Institute Of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of COMMONWEALTH EXECUTIVE MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JUNE, 2011 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the CEMBA and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the University, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Kodwo Boakye Egyin Student Name ................................... Signature .............................. Date Certified by: Mr. Jones Lewis Arthur Supervisor ................................... Signature .............................. Date Certified by: Professor Isaac Dontwi Dean ................................... Signature .............................. Date 2 DEDICATION I dedicate this work first to the Almighty God who has brought me this far, to my father, Kwamina Akwaa Egyin, who mentored me through my education, my loving wife, Yvonne, my sweet kids, Papa Akwaa, Araba and Kurankwesi who stayed by my side all along. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am most grateful to the Almighty God for His protection throughout the course and seeing to a successful end. My special...
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...INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA KULIYYAH OF ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (KENMS) DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING ACC 4563: ZAKAT ACCOUNTING THE PRIORITY OF DISTRIBUTING THE ZAKAT AMOUNT TO THE EIGHT BENEFICIARIES BASED ON FOUR PHASES (4 FASA) Lecturer’s Name: ASSOC. PROF. DR. SITI NORMALA SHEIKH OBID Prepared By: ABDUL HADI BIN MOHAMAD, 0813783 MUHAMMAD AZFAR BIN KAMAR RUDDIN, 0811067 MOHD. ZAE’EM KHAN BIN MOHAMAD AZLAN, 0621747 Section No: 1 ABSTRACT This paper aims to study the distribution of zakat during the Prophet, companion, khalifah and contemporary time, and examine the priority among eight asnaf in distributing the zakat amount. The study was conducted by analyzing secondary data including books, journal, and article. The study revealed that effective and efficient of zakat administration including method and ways of distribution of zakat become important indicator on the successful Islamic era. Misused of zakat fund had leaded previous khalifah reign stumble. (Keyword: Prophet, khalifah, companion, contemporary time, zakat administration, eight asnaf) TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT | PAGE | Chapter 1: Introduction | | 1.1 Study of Background | | 1.2 Research Questions | | 1.3 Research Objectives | | Chapter 2: Literature Review | | Chapter 3: Methodology | | Chapter 4: Findings and Discussions | | Chapter 5: Conclusion | | 5.1 Summary and Implications | | 5.2 Limitations | | References |...
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...Evaluating Football Players Essay by D. Cummings It may seem overly simplified and obvious to state that player evaluation is critical in generating success and wins on the football field. A coach may have the greatest “system” and an amazing game plan laid out but, without the right players in the right positions the only thing a coach will collect are losses. This is true of coaching recreational and youth football through the professional ranks. Player evaluation is not only about addressing the physical skills needed for specific positions but, it is also about plugging in the right players who posses the temperament and character to lead the team in all critical situations on the field. Coach Trimble has a very encompassing player evaluation process that fits his program and situation. His evaluation cycle is a constant year round model that allows him to track his players over long periods of time. Even with that being the case, many of his methods can be translated to youth football, middle school/ junior high school , and smaller high school programs. Coach Trimble uses off season conditioning routines, preseason, practice, and game situations to evaluate his players as well as his players evaluating themselves to make sure they are properly used on the field. Many of these evaluation techniques can be used, with some adjustments, just as effectively at lower levels of competition as they are for larger programs like the one at Jenks High School. ...
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...worst-case execution times of primitive Java operations is necessary. All primitive operations must either execute in constant time or have a reasonable upper bound for their execution time. The difficulties that arise for a Java virtual machine and a Java compiler in this context will be presented here. This includes the implementation of Java’s class and interface model, class initialization, monitors and automatic memory management. A new Java virtual machine and compiler that solves these difficulties has been implemented and its performance has been analysed. Although incremental garbage collection techniques can help to reduce the likelihood for a blocking garbage collection pause, they can not guarantee it. It can still occur that the collector does not make sufficient progress and does not catch up with the application. Consequently, the system can fail or require long blocking pauses to recycle memory or defragment the heap. A deterministic implementation of Java must provide means to determine worst-case execution times for Java’s primitive operations. The dynamic structure of Java, with inheritance, virtual method calls and multiple-inheritance for interfaces, poses several difficulties for the implementation. The time required for calls or type checks must be limited and statically determinable. Further difficulties are caused by the dynamic nature of Java’s class loading and initialization...
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...Descriptive Bibliography Fredson Bowers described and formulated a standardized practice of descriptive bibliography in his Principles of Bibliographical Description (1949). Scholars to this day treat Bowers' scholarly guide as authoritative. In this classic text, Bowers describes the basic function of bibliography as, "[providing] sufficient data so that a reader may identify the book described, understand the printing, and recognize the precise contents" (124). Descriptive Bibliographies as Scholarly Product Descriptive bibliographies as a scholarly product usually include information on the following aspect of a given book as a material object: Format and Collation/Pagination Statement - a conventional, symbolic formula that describes the book block in terms of sheets, folds, quires, signatures, and pages According to Bowers (193), the format of a book is usually abbreviated in the collation formula: Broadsheet: I° or b.s. or bs. Folio: 2° or fol. Quarto: 4° or 4to or Q° or Q Octavo: 8° or 8vo Duodecimo: 12° or 12mo Sexto-decimo: 16° or 16mo Tricesimo-secundo: 32° or 32mo Sexagesimo-quarto: 64° or 64mo The collation, which follows the format, is the statement of the order and size of the gatherings. For example, a quarto that consists of the signed gatherings: ...
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...HOW TO MAKE AT LEAST $100,000 Or More A Year As A Used and Rare Book Seller On The Internet BY YOUR NAME BY YOUR NAME Web Site: http://www.your-web-site-here.com Email: yourname@your-web-site-here.com ( Copyright 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission. Excerpts may be used with proper credit and contact information (address, telephone number or website URL of the publisher) No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage and/or financial loss sustained to persons or property as a matter of the use of this report. While every effort has been made to ensure reliability of the information within, the liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use, misuse or abuse of the operation of any methods, strategies, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein is the sole responsibility of the reader. The reader is encouraged to seek competent legal and accounting advice before engaging in any business activity. Introduction Not only am I going to show you step-by-step how to make $100,000 each year with your own business on the Internet I'm going to share with you exactly how I do it! Now, you can copy exactly what I'm doing- dealing in out-of-print and...
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...lives and those around them. They strive to enhance a community, and find a way to empower the people to make a stronger community. They work with schools to prevent bullying, with neighborhoods to prevent crime, and they help to implement changes to policies to improve health outcomes. It is their job to show others how to work within their social systems to meet their needs. According to Education Portal, “Those interested in becoming community psychologists may begin their careers by completing a bachelor's degree program in psychology. Students may take courses such as social psychology, cultural psychology, education, developmental psychology, biology and ethics in an undergraduate community psychology program. Because the field is competitive, many prospective community psychologists complete a bachelor's degree program and continue on to earn a more concentrated master's degree...
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...UNIT #5 DISCUSSION DQ #1: Data collection is one of the most challenging steps that prevent learners from completing their dissertation. What challenges do you foresee in collecting your data? What are some strategies you’ll deploy to overcome these challenges? a) Challenges in collecting data Reliability and validity In data collection, reliability and validity of the data are important considerations, which a researcher should pay attention to. Reliability, in this case, can be described as the degree to which the data collection process is consistent. On the other hand, validity arises when variables measure what they were intended to measure. And, this, usually, happens when the data collection process has been reliable. Data collection form Construction of a data collection form is one of the important considerations that every researcher should consider, before the inception of the data collection process. Designing the form requires that a researcher pay a lot of attention to all the established variables, from the topic. If all variables in the research are not covered in the form, it might not be possible to get complete information to enable well informed conclusions from the data analysis. The wording of the form is also very important. If the form is not carefully worded, it might bias the participants’ responses. The questions should also be impersonal to encourage open and honest responses. In the absence of this, it is likely that the full story would...
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...basis while working in this field. As being a technician for the library, you are expected answer routine reference inquiries in person, email, chat or by phone. I have to guide patrons in finding and using library resources, including reference materials, audiovisual equipment, computers, and electronic resources. Review subject matter of materials to be classified, and select classification numbers and headings according to classification systems. While staffing the public service desks, respond to the public’s informational and recreational needs using a variety of sources, formats and equipment, and determining the services, collections and areas of the library that will fulfill those needs. Review and resolve complaints and complex problems. Also, make recommendations on library materials selection. Functioned in an environment where stress occurred with some regularity such as project work, special assignments, or seasonal peak periods. Work efforts and/or successful completion of project/assignment resulted in the resolution of complex issues in situations having urgency, high visibility, or specifically desired outcomes of significant importance to others. Throughout these efforts, consistently responded in a professional and calm manner. At the University of Maryland-University College (UMUC), Library Technician III (Electronic Reserves), I had to facilitate work flow of electronic reserves by monitoring incoming requests, entering data into electronic reserves database...
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............................................................... .....1 Security and attribution ....................................................................................................... 1 Faster and cheaper .............................................................................................................. 2 Extra-territoriality ................................................................................................................ 2 Large but Uncertain Costs........................................................................................................... 3 Pervasive Threat from Intelligence Adversaries and Partners ...............................................................4 China: Persistent Collector.......................................................................................................... 5 Russia: Extensive, Sophisticated Operations ..............................................................................5 US Partners: Leveraging Access ..................................................................................................6...
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...Nkechinye Enurah, MPA 2158 CUMBERLAND PARKWAY APT 8405( ATLANTA, GA 30339 ( 678-468-5325 ( CHINYE_1@YAHOO.COM EDUCATION Troy University Troy, Alabama August 2010 Master’s of Public Administration Clayton State University Morrow, GA May 2006 Bachelor of Arts, Communication Core Competencies |PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT |Program Facilitation | |Student Development Theory |Recruitment, Orientation Programming | |Administrative Functions |Corporate Relation | |Media Relation |Volunteer Management | |Project Management |Public Speaking | |Leadership Development |Social Networking | |Strategic Project Development |Interpersonal Communications | Professional...
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...Chapter I: The Introduction A. Introduction Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950’s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. DHF affects most Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. There are four distinct, but closely related, viruses that cause dengue. Recovery from infection by one provides lifelong immunity against that virus but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three viruses. Sequential infection increases the risk of developing DHF.1 1 “Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever,” World Health Organization, March 2009, 15 Oct. 2011 <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en>. 2 There is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat DHF. For typical dengue, the immediate concern is the relief of symptoms. Adequate fluid intake for proper body hydration and rest is important. All else will depend on the person’s immune system. However, since the Philippines is abundant with herbal medicines, the Tawa Tawa is being touted as an alternative cure to DHF. The Tawa Tawa is described as having numerous flowers which measures about 5 to 8 centimeters each with...
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