...IT190-1601B- Introduction To IT Unit-1 Discussion Board Professor: Donald Wilcoxen Brandy Camus February 17, 2016 Re-use - “ This task was originally submitted during my last session. IT190-1601A Introduction To IT, Professor William Nelson, January 2016.” Hello Everyone, My name is Brandy Camus and I am 37 years old. I live in Sugar Creek, Mo .But, I am originally from New Orleans , Louisiana . I Have two beautiful daughters age 14 ½ and 16 years old and they are now freshmen in High School. I am enrolled in Bachelor’s of Science and Information Technology. I have tried the college thing when my girls were younger but, had to put it on hold. I want to show my girls that no matter how old you may be you can follow your dreams and achieve you goals. Also, that you can do whatever set your mind to. In my spare time when I have some I like to draw, read, and spend time with my daughters. What I plan to achieve is my goal to get my degree and prove to myself that I can still do it. Also, to make a better life for my daughters and myself...
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...Data Communication Presentation Data communication is the transmission of data from one location to another for direct use or further processing. Wireless communication offer organizations and users many benefits, such as portability, flexibility, increased productivity and lower instillation cost. Wireless technologies, in the simplest sense, enable one or more devices to communication with each other without physical connections without cabling. Half Duplex Duplex Simplex Asynchronous Synchronous A half duplex line that can send and receive data but not simultaneously. A full duplex line can send and receive data simultaneously. A simplex line permits data to flow n only one direction. You can send data or receive it or both. Asynchronous communication is the transmission of data without the use of an external clock signal, where data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream. the sender and receiver must synchronize with one another before data is sent. To maintain clock synchronization over long periods, a special bit-transition pattern is embedded in the digital signal that assists in maintaining the timing between sender and receiver. What is a Network? A network is a group of two or more computers linked together so that they can share resources such as hardware, software and data and can communicate with each other. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ...
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...identify and evaluate data mining algorithms which are commonly implemented in modern Medical Decision Support Systems (MDSS). They are used in various healthcare units all over the world. These institutions store large amounts of medical data. This data may contain relevant medical information hidden in various patterns buried among the records. Within the research several popular MDSS’s are analysed in order to determine the most common data mining algorithms utilized by them. Three algorithms have been identified: Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron and C4.5. Prior to the very analyses the algorithms are calibrated. Several testing configurations are tested in order to determine the best setting for the algorithms. Afterwards, an ultimate comparison of the algorithms orders them with respect to their performance. The evaluation is based on a set of performance metrics. The analyses are conducted in WEKA on five UCI medical datasets: breast cancer, hepatitis, heart disease, dermatology disease, diabetes. The analyses have shown that it is very difficult to name a single data mining algorithm to be the most suitable for the medical data. The results gained for the algorithms were very similar. However, the final evaluation of the outcomes allowed singling out the Naïve Bayes to be the best classifier for the given domain. It was followed by the Multilayer Perceptron and the C4.5. Keywords: Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron, C4.5, medical data mining, medical decision...
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...ITM301 Module 1 Case Assignment on Data, information, and knowledge How data, information and knowledge are related to the concept of knowledge management (KM)? How are they different (please define each one: data, information, knowledge and KM)? What are the potential benefits of knowledge management projects? What strategies should companies follow to achieve positive results in KM projects? KM is the set of procedures that tries to transform an organization's current practices of knowledge processing is known as Knowledge Management. It improves both the practice of knowledge processing and its outcomes in a significant manner. The field of Knowledge Management is the examination of various organizational processes and their effect on knowledge and functional processing and results (Firestone & McElroy). The concept of Knowledge Management doesn't instantly direct, generate or incorporate most knowledge effects rather it just influence an organization’s knowledge processes that in turn affects its knowledge results. The concept of knowledge management is related with aspects like data, information and knowledge as these are its essential elements. All these three aspects collectively result in the practice of knowledge management (Knowledge Management Concepts, Philosophy and Theory). This can also be understood in the following manner and process followed by these three aspects in the practice of knowledge management: 1. Data: It is raw information that exists...
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...June 2015 Unit 3 Context 1 Q3 ‘Critics of Big Six might argue that electricity companies should not have electricity companies should not have been privatised as they can never behave or perform like supermarkets.’ (Extract C, lines 15-16) Using the data and your knowledge of economics assess the arguments for and against the government intervening in the UK electricity industry. (25 marks) The big six energy firms effectively have an oligopoly on the UK energy market despite the existence of some smaller firms who are mainly involve in the retail aspect of the market (extract A). The market concentration of these firms and the significant profit margins that they enjoy, as referred to in extract B, would suggest that there exists a strong argument in favour of government intervention in order to protect consumer interest. However any government intervention must be based on sound information so as not to further disrupt the market and potentially result in government failure. Furthermore, if the energy companies’ claim of needing these supernormal profits for the purposes of future investment holds true the government would need to consider the long term implications of intervention such as windfall taxes. Firms in oligopolistic markets have market power and therefore can often use this power to act in an anti-competitive way which is damaging to consumer interests...
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...Economic growth is the increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, compared from one period of time to another. Economic growth can be measured in nominal terms, which include inflation, or in real terms, which are adjusted for inflation. For comparing one country's economic growth to another, GDP or GNP per capita should be used as these take into account population differences between countries. The economic growth in Africa not only affects the country itself, but in our globalised economy, the change will affect as far as european countries. Firstly, the imports will be cheaper in the UK, this leads to a growth in the standard of living in the UK, as they can now buy more goods and at a cheaper price. The standard of living is the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. The standard of living includes factors such as income, quality and availability of employment, class disparity, poverty rate, quality and affordability of housing, hours of work required to purchase necessities and a lot more. Also Rwanda is developing tourism successfully, which means UK citizens now have another choice of destination for vacation. Another upside to the growing economy in Africa is that UK now has a bigger export market, this will benefit UK great as we rely on exporting our services and since Africa is now a developing countries, they will need our services more than ever...
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...A sustained period of low productivity growth is a detrimental effect to an economy especially in the long run however there may be some short run benefits. Productivity refers to the effectiveness of productiveness and it is measured by rate of output per worker. In the UK economy, the government wishes to achieve full employment, stable prices, a balance of trade where imports do not exceed exports and economic growth. Below, the economic cycle diagram shows that the UK economy is suffering from low productivity at point b where there is spare capacity in the economy. (economic cycle showing that low productivity occurs at point b) In Extract E it states that ‘British workers were 20% less productive than the average for the G7 countries and almost 40% less productive than the average worker in the US’. With the UK having low productivity it means that there will be higher unit costs, as costs will be passed on to consumers in higher prices, which will discourage demand and reduce the overall output. Furthermore, our price competitiveness and trade performance will decrease so businesses will not have competitive advantage in markets. In 2011, UK productivity was below 2007 at an index of 97 compared to 100 in 2007, showing negative productivity growth. (AD diagram shifting leftwards) The diagram above portrays how there will be a reduction in demand for the UK exports but more of a demand for imports which will further reduce aggregate demand shown by a leftward...
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...to support a conclusion if they are to be awarded more than 13 marks. Candidates who make a genuine attempt at evaluation should be well rewarded. For this question they might comment on the extent of any improvement; what impact this might have on the productivity gap; that we cannot put too much weight on any one factor but must see productivity as part of a wider picture; the extent to which productivity improvements are cancelled out by a rising rate of inflation and/or an appreciating exchange rate; productivity improvements become meaningless if we cannot sell any extra output in world markets for whatever reason, eg recession or poor quality. A maximum of 21 marks should be awarded if there is no explicit reference to the data. Issues and areas for discussion: • definition of macroeconomic performance • components of the macroeconomy • economic growth • price level • employment/unemployment • the balance of payments on current account assuming improved productivity benefits unit costs • labour productivity and how it might affect one or more of the above components • the productivity gap • the UK experience • the significance of the rate of inflation • the significance of exchange rate trends • the significance of macroeconomic conditions in the UK’s overseas markets • the significance of the rate of growth of AD • better productivity being unable to disguise the deindustrialisation that has taken place in the UK • the importance of considering...
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...The UK’s macroeconomic performance can be measured in terms of economic growth, inflation, unemployment and the balance of payments on the current account. One importance of higher labour productivity in the UK is that it means that each member of staff produces more output in the same given time period which will improve the economies position on the PPF by moving closer towards the curve. This is because the economy will be producing more output with the same amount of resources available which indicates a previous under-utilisation of labour in the economy. Furthermore, another importance of higher labour productivity is shown in Extract C, ‘any rise in aggregate demand (AD) will be non-inflationary when improvements in productivity are able to generate greater output,’ which empathises the importance of higher labour productivity in the long-run in terms of economic growth because the output of the economy is increasing without inflation. The benefits of low inflation rates are widespread, particularly to those who have savings. Another reason for why this could be considered is due to the fact that it increases the competiveness of the UK’s trade world-wide, for example because the average cost of producing one good has decreased the firms will have more freedom to lower prices, this has a positive effect on the balance of payment on the current account by bringing it into more surplus. On the other hand, an increase in the labour productivity could potentially result...
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...As stable economy is one which has low rates on inflation and unemployment and a steady rate of economic growth along with a current account stability. Fiscal policy involves the use of government spending and tax receipts to influence the level and pattern of economic activity, whilst monetary policy uses interest rates to achieve the same. Fiscal and monetary policy can be used to influence short term Aggregate Demand with the aim of promoting a steady rate of economic growth, low unemployment and low inflation. In a recession there will be a loosening of monetary policy when interest rates are cut and a budget deficit run with the aim of boosting Aggregate Demand throughout the economy. This is what is happening at the moment in the UK as the economy slowly comes of out recession. Interest rates are down to 0.5% and income tax rates are slowly being cut to act as an incentive to workers to work harder and boost productivity. However, as we see in the UK economy these policies are having a very slow impact on growth. Consumer confidence and business confidence is very low and when this happens cuts in interest rates and taxes will not encourage household and consumers to spend more. They may be tempted to use the extra money to save more and pay off debt rather than spend and this could hinder economic recovery. Inflation in the UK economy was very low between 1992 and 2008 and this allowed interest rates to fall to a low level which helped boost economic growth...
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...Using the data and your economic knowledge, evaluate different ways in which the government of a country which imports large quantities of wheat can try to stabilise wheat prices within the country. (25 marks) Price stability is when prices in the economy don’t change or don’t change much over time. This means that an economy would not experience inflation or deflation. One of the ways in which the government could stabilise wheat princes is through a buffer stock intervention. This is an intervention system that aims to limit the fluctuations of the price of a commodity. Another way in which they could stabilise the price of wheat could be through imposing a price ceiling. A price ceiling is the price level in which the price of a good or service is not allowed to increase past. Wheat is unstable predominantly due to the situation regarding it in Russia. This is because Russia, a major wheat explorer, banned exports of wheat in 2010. This was due to very dry weather and fires destroying a third of the Russian crop. Due to this wheat prices significantly increased in the summer of 2010. Furthermore the wheat market is unstable due to the emerging demand from developing countries such as India and China, thus having a domino effect on other countries. Due to this it has made the Russia situation more than it should have been. Although to combat this farmers have already planted more wheat, began to use less wheat to feed livestock and substituted cheaper grains in their place...
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...Income is a flow of earnings from a stock of capital. Income is earned in the form of wages, interest from savings, dividends from shares, income from pensions or rent from properties. This means that the more capital you have (such as shares savings or property) the more income you get from them. This means that not everybody gets the same income and there are a lot of people that do not get enough. The amount of people currently living below the poverty line is 20 million across the EU. This means that there are a lot of people that are unable to support themselves on the income that they get. This is why the government intervenes and either redistributed the income in the forms of taxes and benefits or they use supply side policies to try and encourage people into higher earning jobs. Redistributing income can be done in several ways; it can be done through a progressive tax system, tax credits or wealth taxes or benefits. A system of progressive direct taxation can reduce income disparities and if combined with a high level of government spending on benefits can achieve income redistribution. In the UK the highest rate of income tax is 45% for those earning more than £150’000 and the lowest income tax rate is the ‘basic rate’ at 20% for earnings of £10’600 to £31’785. The problem that is caused for those taxed and those on benefits is the disincentive effect. Those on higher incomes may decide to work less so that they do not reach the next tax bracket, or take higher incomes...
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...MEDWAY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING Programme: Msc. Information Technology Management for Business Course: Knowledge Management and Exploitation Course Tutor: Dr. A.A.F. Al-Shawabkeh Topic Using Data Mining and Knowledge Management to Improve Business Performance By Nurudeen Babatunde Lawal 000620744 Table of Contents Content Page No. Table of Contents 2 List of Figures 3 Abstract 4 Chapter One 5 1.1 Overview of Business 5 1.2 Nature of Business 5 1.3 Business Challenges 6 Chapter Two 2.1 Knowledge and Knowledge Management 8 2.1.1 Knowledge 8 2.1.2 Knowledge management 9 2.1.3 Knowledge Management Process 9 2.1.4 Knowledge Discovery from Database 10 2.2 Data Mining 12 2.2.1 Data Mining Tasks in Knowledge Management 12 2.2.2 Data Mining and Knowledge Management in Business 14 Chapter Three 17 3.1 Implementation Challenges of KM in Business 17 3.2 Limitations of Data Mining Applications 18 3.3 Conclusion 18 References 19 List of Figures Figure No. Description Page No. Figure 1 Forms of Knowledge Organisation 8 Figure 2 Integration of KM Technologies with KM Process Cycle 10 Figure 3 DM and KDD Process 11 Figure 4 Intersection of DM and KM 14 Abstract ...
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...Getting the right data, information to the right providers at the right time using the right procedure can improve the healthcare industry in many ways. The consequence of not doing so can cause many barriers along the way. The barriers include loss of productivity, inadequate proof of benefit, integration issues just to name a few. There will be a brief summary on how data convert into information and convert information into knowledge, and explain the difference in between the three. Reading, are textbook, the informatics pyramid illustrates the relationship between data and information and how they can be transformed into the creation of knowledge. Data Data is assigned into formats within computers, which means, information systems, use database to...
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...relationship between data and information is an interconnected one. Data is raw facts such as phone numbers or addresses, and information is the organization of these raw facts into a meaningful manner. The information may be well organized on a report or table and yet not always be meaningful to all people. There are different ways to arrange data to make it meaningful for different people. For example, one person might be satisfied with information that shows him or her towns in which their customers live in to help him or her determine where the largest volume of customers are. A different person might want that information expanded to include those customers street addresses as well so that they may determine a better shipping route. Both of these examples contain the same customers and similar data but the first person would have no use for the street addresses in his search and the second person would not have enough information to create a shipping route from just the towns. The type of data used can also affect the information generated. You can gather a great deal of data on the needs of plants to grow but if you do not put the data in the table correctly or put inaccurate data in you will get information that is basically useless. That is the garbage in/ garbage out theory. It is also a good idea when creating a table to group the like characteristics together to make it easier to gather information from the data. Computers now make it easier to input data into tables in...
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